Responses diseases disease susceptibility. Medical search. Frequent questions

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
In response to the 2016 Zika outbreak, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from 38 locations across Puerto Rico were screened using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays for sensitivity to insecticides used for mosquito control. (cdc.gov)
I'm Will Koehne and I'm representing the Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity, COCA with the Emergency Risk Communications Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
09/24/1993 SUGGESTED CITATION Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

Importantly, these sex-based immunological differences contribute to variations in the incidence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies, susceptibility to infectious diseases and responses to vaccines in males and females. (nih.gov)
A single nucleotide polymorphism, PTPN22 R620W , is one of the strongest genetic risk factors for multiple autoantibody associated human autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Our findings provide a link between perturbations in DC development and susceptibility to a broad spectrum of PTPN22 R620W associated human autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The possibility that VKH disease has an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by the statistically significant frequency of HLA-DR4, an antigen commonly associated with other autoimmune diseases. (medscape.com)
Pathogenic fungi have emerged as significant causes of infectious morbidity and death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency conditions such as HIV/AIDS and following receipt of chemotherapy, immunosuppressive agents or targeted biologics for neoplastic or autoimmune diseases, or transplants for end organ failure. (bvsalud.org)

Because of its effect on the immune system, HIV affects the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of many other diseases and may affect the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy for some STDs. (cdc.gov)
Susceptibility to different antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion technique 11 following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 12 using a commercially available disk (Oxoid Ltd, England) of eight antimicrobial agents: amoxycillin (10 μg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 μg/disc), ciprofloxacin (5 μg/disc), erythromycin (15 μg/disc), nalidixic acid (30 μg/disc), norfloxacin (10 μg/disc), co-trimoxazole (25 μg/disc) and tetracycline (30 μg/disc). (who.int)

Norovirus Infection and Disease in an Ecuadorian Birth Cohort: Association of Certain Norovirus Genotypes With Host FUT2 Secretor Status. (cdc.gov)
The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria were recently replaced by the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in 2016, allowing for quick bedside analysis of organ dysfunction in patients with suspected or documented infection. (medscape.com)
Maintenance of cDC homeostasis is crucial for regulating immune responses, with deregulation resulting in infection and autoimmunity ( 19 - 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the clinical syndrome resulting from ascending infection from the lower genital tract to involve the endometrium, Fallopian tubes and/or adjacent pelvic structures. (bmj.com)
CIO Responsible for this publication: National Center for Prevention Services, Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Prevention HIV INFECTION AND EARLY INTERVENTION Infection with HIV produces a spectrum that progresses from no apparent illness to AIDS as a late manifestation. (cdc.gov)
During early infection, persons with HIV and their families can be educated about the disease and become linked with a support network that addresses their needs and with care systems effective in maintaining good health and delaying the onset of symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Interstitial lung disease and associated fibrosis occur in a proportion of individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through unknown mechanisms. (imperial.ac.uk)
Environmental exposure to many of these organisms is common, but most exposures do not cause infection and many infections do not cause disease. (msdmanuals.com)
These organisms also cause a wider range of disease manifestations among people who have HIV infection or are otherwise immunocompromised, but those manifestations are not discussed here. (msdmanuals.com)
NTM infections are generally noncommunicable (ie, they are usually acquired from the environment rather than from infected people), so they are not reportable public health diseases and it is difficult to accurately determine the incidence of NTM infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Identification of MICA as a susceptibility gene for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection. (cdc.gov)
Understanding the mechanisms underlying protective T-cell immunity against fungal infection is critical for developing mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
This difference in the rate of H pylori infection in childhood underscores the differences in epidemiology of Helicobacter -associated diseases between developed and developing countries. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] H heilmannii infection has been reported in association with the full spectrum of gastric diseases related to H pylori infection, including gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma. (medscape.com)

This book collates the reviews on the roles played by polymorphisms in critical metabolic, signal transduction, cell cycle or DNA repair genes either directly or indirectly in the disease mechanisms. (routledge.com)
They can act as biological markers, helping scientists locate genes that are associated with disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Pharmacogenomics provides an opportunity to identify candidate genes for studying disease progression and outcomes. (cambridge.org)
By studying the genetics of crops and livestock, scientists can identify genes that may be responsible for traits such as disease resistance or increased yields. (siliconindia.com)
Polymorphisms of interferon-gamma and interferon-gamma receptor 1 genes and non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases. (cdc.gov)

We studied individuals with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after recovery from acute illness. (imperial.ac.uk)

The growing burden of disease including infectious diseases such as HIV and TB as well as non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, requires understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of susceptibility, drug response and resistance towards improving health solutions in SSA [ Reference Sirugo 1 ]. (cambridge.org)
12,13 Since there is no Vibrio cholerae -specific CLSI interpretive criteria for several of the drugs for which resistance is described, we considered a zone of inhibition of 21mm for ciprofloxacin, 23mm for erythromycin, 19mm for nalidixic acid and 17mm for norfloxacin as the cut-off values to determine susceptibility ( Table 1 ). (who.int)

Males and females differ in their immunological responses to foreign and self-antigens and show distinctions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)

Mendelian randomization uses the association of genetic variation with a modifiable exposure and disease outcome as an "instrumental variable" for inferring causal associations between the exposure and the outcome (see figure). (cdc.gov)
The reasons for development of these various responses to cigarette-smoke exposure are largely unknown. (ki.se)
This chapter discusses three key components of benefits analyses: exposure assessment, health outcomes, and concentration-response functions. (nationalacademies.org)
Finally, the concentration-response section explores the sources and selection of these functions and issues associated with the existence of thresholds, analysis of population subgroups, and assumptions regarding effects lags (the temporal relationship between changes in exposure and resulting changes in health outcomes). (nationalacademies.org)
The number of cases indicating the presence of an epidemic varies according to the agent, size, and type of population exposed, previous experience or lack of exposure to the disease, and time and place of occurrence ( WHO ). (un-spider.org)

Different DNA alternations in ucfDNA are associated with cancer development and progression, therapeutic response, and prognosis. (wikipedia.org)
Our study aims to decipher the effect of eCO 2 on plant responses to PM. Oak seedlings were grown in controlled environment at ambient (aCO 2 , ∼400 ppm) and eCO 2 (∼1000 ppm), and infected with Erysiphe alphitoides, the causal agent of oak PM. Plant growth, physiological parameters and disease progression were monitored. (portlandpress.com)
The study shows that disease progression to AIDS was more rapid in the presence of severe life stressors, absence of social support systems, negative attitude as a coping mechanism, and elevated cortisol levels. (lifepositive.com)
The pace of disease progression is variable. (cdc.gov)

Research is ongoing to identify SNPs associated with complex diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, one study used Mendelian randomization to analyze 38 traits, including smoking, Alzheimer's disease, and type 2 diabetes, for association with COVID-19 hospitalization. (cdc.gov)
NGS has also enabled the identification of genetic variations associated with common diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, through Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). (siliconindia.com)
Given what we know about how different foods affect the risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes, "why should it be so surprising that the nature of the foods we eat can also affect our emotional and mental well-being? (wvxu.org)

Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. (medscape.com)
NGS has also revolutionized the field of infectious disease genomics. (siliconindia.com)
Cholera is an acute infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae . (who.int)

Studies also suggest that frequent or chronic stress conditions increase the chances of bacterial infections such as tuberculosis and group-A streptococcal diseases (GAS). (lifepositive.com)
[ 14 ] This classification criteria allows the distinction of early and late-stage disease, as well as VKH from other panuveitides (sarcoidosis, Behcet disease, sympathetic ophthalmia, syphilis and tuberculosis). (medscape.com)

However, some aspects of the relationship between celiac disease (CD) and vaccines are still unclear. (mdpi.com)

SNPs help predict an individual's response to certain drugs, susceptibility to environmental factors such as toxins, and risk of developing diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
To address this need, investigators used a study design that is rooted in human genetics, Mendelian randomization , an approach that has been used to identify important modifiable risk factors for common chronic diseases. (cdc.gov)
These articles address a variety risk factors for COVID-19 susceptibility and severity (see appendix). (cdc.gov)
To determine the sexual and demographic risk factors for the acquisition of presumptive pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). (bmj.com)
In this national multicenter study we will identify factors associated with chronic airway obstruction in never-smokers and to determine the molecular mechanisms of this disease in order to find potential targets for intervention. (ki.se)
Unravelling it requires to simultaneously identify, characterize and quantify exogenous and endogenous exposures and modifiable risk factors that predispose to and predict disease throughout the human life span. (aiche.org)
Exposome science will help us understand the intricate web of relationships between environmental exposures, lifestyle, genetics and disease, contributing significantly to the determination of causal associations between environmental factors and human health. (aiche.org)
Exposome research tries to reverse the paradigm of â nature versus nurtureâ and adopt one defined by complex and dynamic interactions between DNA sequence, epigenetic DNA modifications, gene expression and environmental factors that all combine to influence disease phenotypes. (aiche.org)
By studying the genetics of different diseases, researchers can identify genetic mutations and other factors that may contribute to the development of a particular illness. (siliconindia.com)
It is believed to arise from a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors that trigger an inappropriate mucosal inflammatory response. (uclahealth.org)

Some of these polymorphisms are linked to increased susceptibility to various diseases especially cancers, cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, neurological pathologies. (routledge.com)

Structured by the damage response framework, we then consider the molecular mechanisms deployed by C. albicans to switch between commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. (bvsalud.org)

A recent study using SNPs related to either vitamin D serum levels or disposition to vitamin D deficiency provided evidence against vitamin D status as a protective factor for COVID-19 susceptibility or severity. (cdc.gov)
The initial response was not consistent with the actual risk of contracting the disease and the current response is incongruent with the increasing severity of the epidemic and its accompanying social and economic problems. (bvsalud.org)

The possibility of finding these candidates is empowered by the significant impact (effect size) of drug response phenotypes such as adverse drug reactions and treatment outcomes, in contrast to other complex traits such as disease susceptibility and health [ Reference Maranville and Cox 2 ]. (cambridge.org)
It determines not only physical traits such as eye color and height but also susceptibility to diseases and response to drugs. (siliconindia.com)

Frequent stress responses of our body increase a host of molecules potentially dangerous for the optimal health of the heart. (lifepositive.com)

Maintaining the homeostasis of the multiple functionally distinct conventional dendritic cells (cDC) subsets that exist in vivo is crucial for regulating immune responses, with changes in numbers sufficient to break immune tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
We furthermore hypothesized that timapiprant would dampen RV-induced type 2 inflammation and consequently improve antiviral immune responses.MethodsAtopic patients with partially controlled asthma on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were randomized to timapiprant (n=22) or placebo (n=22) and challenged with RV-A16 three weeks later. (imperial.ac.uk)
In addition, the latest insights into fungal invasion tactics, microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and regulation of antifungal adaptive immune responses are summarised in the context of our contemporary understanding of CNS-specific immunity. (bvsalud.org)

There are important differences between technologic and natural disasters that are believed to affect the psychological and social responses to technological disasters. (cdc.gov)
Such differences sometimes predispose people to particular diseases, and some dramatically affect the way a person will respond to medical treatments. (engineeringchallenges.org)
There are obvious gender differences both in the epidemiology and in the clinical presentation of the disease. (ki.se)
And just as there are individual differences in susceptibility to diseases, there are differences in response to food, too. (wvxu.org)
Despite differences in their patients, the manifestations appeared to represent a spectrum of disease, and several authors suggested that the disorder should be termed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Specifically, the link between the inflammatory response and development of structural changes (remodeling) in the lung is of interest. (ki.se)

In general, using a combination of study designs, with different strengths and weaknesses, increases the strength and validity of scientific evidence of the relationship between exposures and disease outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Immune response to vaccinations in celiac patients is of growing scientific interest. (mdpi.com)
Making this vision come true poses significant scientific and technological challenges in terms of both untangling the complex biological networks that regulate our bodyâ s response to external stressors and processing and analysing the large datasets generated from the use of multiple high throughput analytical platforms, that are based on omics technologies, particularly transcriptomics and metabolomics. (aiche.org)

COPD is a disease with a prevalence of 10% and is increasing with age. (ki.se)
IBD - comprised of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - is a chronic inflammatory disease with growing prevalence throughout the world. (uclahealth.org)

These massively important discoveries built on each other and led over the course of the next few decades to the identification of most of the infectious organisms that cause epidemic diseases. (nih.gov)
In North America, a slow public health response was the result of the epidemic initially being located in a population labelled as deviant (homosexual men). (bvsalud.org)

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2016. (cdc.gov)
Synaptic loss is intrinsically linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and symptoms, but its direct impact on clinical symptoms remains elusive. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the loss of several synaptic proteins has been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unclear whether their reduction contributes to clinical symptoms. (jneurosci.org)
The clinical significance of the published data referred to in the question has not been addressed in the response. (sanevax.org)
ML could be the next step of personalized medicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by giving the exact risk (risk for exacerbation, death, etc.) of every patient (based on his/her parameters like lung function, clinical data, demographics, previous exacerbations, etc.), thus providing a prognosis/risk for the specific patient based on individual characteristics (individu-al approach). (imperial.ac.uk)
Outcomes of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease based on clinical phenotype. (cdc.gov)

mosquito populations, during early 2016 we conducted an emergency islandwide screening in Puerto Rico for susceptibility to insecticides in products available for public health use in areas of active or at high risk for Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)

With such a wide spectrum of manifestations, typical cases of VKH disease are uncommon. (medscape.com)
Complete VKH disease: Although involvement of all 3 systems is necessary for classification as complete disease, the neurologic and auditory manifestations often resolve before an ophthalmic examination. (medscape.com)
Patients with complete VKH disease also must have evidence of neurologic and auditory manifestations, as well as integumentary signs. (medscape.com)
Incomplete VKH disease: Patients with incomplete VKH disease have either neurologic and auditory manifestations or integumentary signs, but not both. (medscape.com)
Although the pathogenesis of VKH disease is uncertain, the wide spectrum of findings in this disorder suggests a central mechanism to account for the multisystem manifestations. (medscape.com)

Health around the world was affected by the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression began in 1929, the first influenza pandemic in four decades, large losses of life from conflicts and natural disasters, some spectacular outbreaks of foodborne disease, more evidence that the climate is changing, and soaring food prices that hit the poor the hardest. (who.int)

Doctors have long known that people differ in susceptibility to disease and response to medicines. (engineeringchallenges.org)

These findings indicate that PPARγ plays a critical role in the control of B cell response and imply a role in diseases in which B cell hyperreactivity is involved, such as arthritis and autoimmunity. (jci.org)
Defining features of late-stage disease include sunset glow fundus, or, characteristic uveitis with at least 1 of the following cutaneous findings: vitiligo, poliosis, or alopecia. (medscape.com)

NGS has also been used to track the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 , by sequencing the viral genomes from infected individuals and tracing their origins and transmission routes. (siliconindia.com)

When we feel stressed we seek foods that are going to comfort us immediately, but often times those foods lead to surges and crashes in hormones and blood sugar that increase our susceptibility to new stresses. (wvxu.org)

The contributions of Mendelian randomization are likely to continue to evolve as a way to use human genomics to uncover modifiable causes of human disease. (cdc.gov)
Human biomonitoring samples have been analysed for identifying metabolomics and transcriptomics fingerprints, while they have also been mapped jointly into metabolic pathways, for identifying the perturbated pathways that are mostly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. (aiche.org)
Genomics is a rapidly growing field of study that has revolutionized our understanding of the human genome and its role in health and disease. (siliconindia.com)
Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations have been found in patients with VKH disease, including HLA-DR4, HLA-DR53, and HLA-DQ4. (medscape.com)
We conclude by highlighting future directions integrating genomics with immunology to advance our understanding of invasive candidiasis and human fungal disease. (bvsalud.org)

During outbreaks, vector-control strategies must rapidly suppress adult mosquito populations to interrupt disease transmission ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Cortisol produced during stress situations may suppress the body`s immune response, increasing susceptibility to infectious diseases. (lifepositive.com)

Secondary MODS is organ failure that has no attributable cause and is a consequence of the host's response (eg, acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] in individuals with pancreatitis). (medscape.com)

Longer survival of patients with cystic fibrosis and patients with other predisposing lung diseases may be a factor. (msdmanuals.com)
NRAMP1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases. (cdc.gov)

The shift in the burden of chronic diseases to the developing world helped show what weak health systems really mean: the burden of chronic care on facilities and staff, the need for steady supplies of quality- assured medicines, and the high costs of chronic care that drive households below the poverty line at a time when the international community is committed to poverty reduction. (who.int)
The rise of chronic diseases also reinforced the importance of health promotion for behaviour change. (who.int)

SNPs can also be used to track the inheritance of disease-associated genetic variants within families. (medlineplus.gov)
Variants of a gene linked to breast cancer, for instance, can foretell a woman's likely susceptibility to developing or surviving the disease, a helpful guide for taking preventive measures. (engineeringchallenges.org)

Pharmacogenomics in SSA populations will probe the widest genetic diversity and improve the chances of identifying novel and relevant mechanisms of disease and for targeted therapies to sub-populations. (cambridge.org)

In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, when little was known about the natural history of the disease, predicting the course of the pandemic was of premier importance for treating sick patients and redoubling efforts to protect those at highest risk of adverse outcomes. (cdc.gov)

Undernutrition and uncertain food security persisted, while the number of obese and overweight people, including children, continued to grow, as did evidence that the burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases is now overwhelmingly concentrated in the developing world. (who.int)

Questions are limited to clinicians who would like information on Zika virus and Zika virus disease. (cdc.gov)
In the CDC Zika response she serves as part of the Pregnancy and Birth Defects Task Force. (cdc.gov)
In CDC's Zika response he works as a Pediatrician as part of the Pregnancy and Birth Defects Task Force. (cdc.gov)

Sepsis is a response of the body's immune system that results in organ dysfunction or failure. (medscape.com)
One of the most basic ways that omega-3s help to regulate mood is by quieting down the [body's] response to inflammation," Hibbeln says. (wvxu.org)

Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)

Sputum Detection of Predisposing Genetic Mutations in Women with Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease. (cdc.gov)

This has enabled scientists to identify the genetic basis of many diseases, leading to the development of personalized treatments that target specific genetic mutations. (siliconindia.com)

This document is provided by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ONLY as an historical reference for the public health community. (cdc.gov)
as a comprehensive, prospective approach to preventing, diagnosing, treating, and monitoring disease in ways that achieve optimal individual health-care decisions. (engineeringchallenges.org)
Among the adverse health effects related to aging, neurodegenerative diseases hold a key role. (aiche.org)
Comparing individual complete genomes will lead to a better understanding of the contribution genetic variation makes to health and disease. (nature.com)
these together represent the necessary input to population concentration-response functions for calculating health impacts. (nationalacademies.org)
Single-disease initiatives revealed some serious problems that were broadly addressed during the biennium: weak health infrastructures, inadequate systems for health information, a critical shortage of health-care workers, stock-outs of essential medicines. (who.int)
The current World Health Organization and Médecins Sans Frontières guidelines for cholera treatment recommend antibiotics for only severe cases, whereas the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) recommends antibiotics for both severe and moderate cases. (who.int)
The public health response was equally as slow and the moral outrage became amplified. (bvsalud.org)

PPARγ is also known to regulate inflammatory responses. (jci.org)

The most highlighted impact of genomics is the inter-population variation, particularly the African genomic diversity, which could provide tools for improved understanding of individual variability in disease and pharmacology [ Reference Masimirembwa and Matimba 3 ]. (cambridge.org)
Genomics is also helping to advance our understanding of disease. (siliconindia.com)

Genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of phenotypic variations and may modulate the risk to or even cause various diseases including genetic disorders and multifactorial diseases. (routledge.com)
Because stress delays the processing and clearance of these fats, their accumulation puts people at risk of developing atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerosis) and other heart diseases. (lifepositive.com)
frail older people, and immunocompromised people are at highest risk, but others with less obvious defects can have progressive disease. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms25

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations5

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20191

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Factors10

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20161

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