Response skeletal muscle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, the analysis of the model predicts that the immune system response oscillates throughout the life of the mice, and the damaged fibers are never completely cleared. (hindawi.com)
The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
Initiated by neural impulses and subsequent calcium release, skeletal muscle fibers contract (actively generate force) as a result of repetitive power strokes of acto-myosin cross-bridges. (frontiersin.org)
The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
A skeletal muscle contains multiple fascicles - bundles of muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts in a process known as myogenesis resulting in long multinucleated cells. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle fibers also have multiple mitochondria to meet energy needs. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle fibers are in turn composed of myofibrils. (wikipedia.org)
Muscles are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used, particularly by fast twitch fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Skeletal muscles are substantially composed of multinucleated contractile muscle fibers (myocytes). (wikipedia.org)
Apart from the contractile part of a muscle consisting of its fibers, a muscle contains a non-contractile part of dense fibrous connective tissue that makes up the tendon at each end. (wikipedia.org)
In animals , the blockade of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), cation pore-forming membrane proteins located in the free nerve endings of group IV afferent fibers, attenuates increases in arterial pressure (AP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) during muscle contraction . (bvsalud.org)
The reaction involves a high fever (hyperthermia), a rapid heart rate (tachycardia), muscle rigidity, breakdown of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis), and increased acid levels in the blood and other tissues (acidosis). (medlineplus.gov)
The protein performs different functions in the two organs, regulating contractility in the heart and playing a role in the development of fast and slow muscle fibers in skeletal muscle tissue. (uc.edu)
A muscle is composed of numerous bundles of muscle fibers, termed fascicles , which are separated from each other by a connective tissue layer termed perimysium . (medscape.com)
Endomysium is the connective tissue that separates individual muscle fibers from each other. (medscape.com)
Mature muscle cells are termed muscle fibers or myofibers and they are often simply referred to as fibers . (medscape.com)
If the response of a muscle to the application of gradually increasing loads is measured, the slow fibers are recruited first. (medscape.com)

We determined the effects of insulin and muscle contraction/hypoxia on PI 3-kinase, AMPK, and glucose transport activity in epitrochlearis skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant Zucker ( fa/ fa ) rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Contraction and hypoxia elicited normal responses for glucose transport in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
Isoform-specific AMPK activity was measured in skeletal muscle in response to insulin, contraction, or hypoxia. (diabetesjournals.org)
Regardless of genotype, contraction, and hypoxia, each increased AMPKα2 activity more than fivefold, whereas insulin did not alter either AMPKα1 or -α2 activity in skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
In conclusion, obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with an isoform-specific impairment in AMPKα1 in response to contraction. (diabetesjournals.org)
Activation of AMPKα2 in response to muscle contraction/ exercise is associated with a parallel and normal increase in glucose transport in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
In skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant diabetic rodents, glucose transport defects are not observed in response to contraction, a stimulus known to increase glucose transport by an insulin-independent mechanism ( 13 - 15 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
The myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments called myofilaments, repeated in units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional, contractile units of the muscle fiber necessary for muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the drugs that stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle contraction do so by regulating the concentration of intracellular calcium , which is involved in initiating the process of contraction. (britannica.com)
Because this mechanism is relatively insensitive to drug action, the most important group of drugs that affect the neuromuscular junction act on (1) acetylcholine release, (2) acetylcholine receptors, or (3) the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (which normally inactivates acetylcholine to terminate muscle fibre contraction). (britannica.com)
35% of the maximal voluntary contraction) and postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) before (B) and after (A) local venous infusion of either saline or amiloride (AM), an ASIC antagonist, via the Bier block technique . (bvsalud.org)
The process by which electrical signals trigger muscle contraction is called excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. (medlineplus.gov)
Therefore, the regulation of whole-body metabolism by skeletal muscle contraction and myokine release is of specific interest. (ul.ie)
Fast skeletal myosin binding protein-C modulates the speed and force of fast skeletal muscle contraction. (uc.edu)
Our study concludes that fast myosin binding protein-C is essential in regulating the force generation and speed of contraction of fast muscles. (uc.edu)

Large populations of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are present in DMD muscle tissue [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
The muscle tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated - having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. (wikipedia.org)
both of these types of muscle tissue are classified as involuntary, or, under the control of the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Each individual fiber, and each muscle is surrounded by a type of connective tissue layer of fascia. (wikipedia.org)
Connective tissue is present in all muscles as deep fascia. (wikipedia.org)
More importantly, the bioprinted constructs with neural cell integration facilitate rapid innervation and mature into organized muscle tissue that restores normal muscle weight and function in a rodent model of muscle defect injury. (nature.com)
These approaches have achieved bioengineered skeletal muscle tissue fabrication with cellular alignment in vitro, and some showed a degree of therapeutic potential in vivo. (nature.com)
The lowest levels of tissue oxygenation were found in the pectoral muscle fibres of the icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus , which lacks the respiratory pigments haemoglobin and myoglobin. (biologists.com)
These substances are important especially in producing tissue responses to injury. (britannica.com)
We examined the acute effects of different dietary protein sources (0.19 g, dissolved in 1 ml of water) on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and hypothalamic satiety-related markers in fasted, male Wistar rats (~250 g). (biomedcentral.com)
Higher amounts of whey versus egg protein stimulate the greatest post-treatment anabolic skeletal muscle response, though test proteins with higher amounts of WPH more favorably affected post-treatment markers related to adipose tissue lipolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
The diagnosis of trichinellosis is based on history of consumption of potentially contaminated meat, the presence of compatible signs and symptoms, and identification of Trichinella larvae in biopsy muscle tissue or specific antibody in serum. (cdc.gov)
Usually, 0.2 to 0.5 grams of human or animal skeletal muscle tissue is collected and examined for Trichinella larvae via artificial digestion or histological analysis. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, by conjoint analysis of longissimus dorsi data (tissue-specific expression, muscle module and DE-lncRNAs) and ChIP-PCR revealed NONSUSG002145.1 (adjusted p -values = 0.044), which is coexpressed with the IGF2 gene and binding with ZBED6, may play important roles in ZBED6 KO pig skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings indicate that the identified lncRNAs may play essential roles in tissue function and regulate the mechanism of ZBED6 action in skeletal muscle development in pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
This means that our efforts throughout life to build and maintain muscle mass tend to improve or retain not just muscle mass but the function of other tissue as well, including the function of vital organs like the heart, lungs, kidneys and liver. (marksdailyapple.com)
We found chronic histiocytic intervillositis, maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion, microglial hyperplasia, and lymphocytic infiltrate in muscle in the placenta and fetal tissue. (cdc.gov)
Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
A layer of dense connective tissue, which is known as epimysium and is continuous with the tendon, surrounds each muscle (see the image below). (medscape.com)
We investigate epigenomic and transcriptomic changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and their association with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic risk. (lu.se)
We have generated DNA methylation and mRNA expression array data from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle before and after a 6-months exercise intervention. (lu.se)

Because of the muscle relaxants given alongside anesthesia, patients are unable to signal to their surgeon or anesthetist that they are still aware of what is happening. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The present findings provide novel insights on inflammation-induced stimulation of IL-6 promoter activity in skeletal muscle which is an important but non-traditional component of the innate immune system. (dovepress.com)

In people with type 2 diabetes, impaired whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake is associated with defects in glucose transport in skeletal muscle ( 2 - 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Commonly, muscle fatigue, i.e., the decline of the generable force level over time, is differentiated between central fatigue , i.e., the inability of the neural network to provide sufficient stimulation, and peripheral fatigue , i.e., the inability of the muscle cells to provide energy through metabolic activities (cf. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, ASICs play a role in mediating the metabolic component ( skeletal muscle metaboreflex) of the exercise pressor reflex in animal models . (bvsalud.org)
Skeletal muscle is critical for maintaining mobility, independence, and metabolic health in older adults. (elsevierpure.com)
Prolonged loss of muscle can lead to metabolic disorders, physical disability, loss of independence and premature death. (illinois.edu)
While variability in training responses has been demonstrated following both END and SIT, it is currently unknown whether individuals who fail to respond following one type of exercise training might respond to a different training stimulus (i.e. different exercise volume, intensity and metabolic demand). (plos.org)
Brian's research interests are primarily focused on the plasticity and metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in response to exercise and how this can be modified through interaction with nutrition. (ul.ie)
We associate muscle mass with strength and functionality, but muscle also provides metabolic reserve. (marksdailyapple.com)
With the loss of muscle mass, we lose this metabolic reservoir. (marksdailyapple.com)
Kulkarni AS, Brutsaert EF, Anghel V, et al: Metformin regulates metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of older adults. (msdmanuals.com)
Eventually, we aim to identify novel epigenetic biomarkers that predict response to exercise and mediate the beneficial effects of exercise, which may lead to more effective prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. (lu.se)

That is, whether acute transient changes in skeletal muscle PRO turnover induced by nutrient manipulation after a single bout of resistance exercise translates into greater gains in lean mass, muscle hypertrophy, and/or exercise performance after chronic training. (lww.com)

To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)

Overall, data indicate that RPM can alter nutrient metabolism in the skeletal muscle around parturition partly through alterations in mRNA abundance. (illinois.edu)
Brian's current research projects are investigating exercise and nutrient interventions to optimise skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolism in populations across the health and lifespan. (ul.ie)

abstract = "This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on skeletal muscle mRNA abundance during the periparturient period. (illinois.edu)

Also, a vascularization strategy using co-culture with endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts improved the survival of the bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
These results indicated a difference in response to ecdysteroids between intermolt and premolt tissues. (colostate.edu)
In this study, we assembled transcriptomes using RNA-seq data published in previous studies by our group and identified 11,408 known lncRNAs and 2269 potential lncRNAs in seven tissues, heart, longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius muscle, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, of ZBED6 KO (lean mass model) and WT Bama pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of 1570 DE-lncRNAs between WT and ZBED6 KO pigs was used to define the following six lncRNA modules specific to different tissues: skeletal muscle, heart, lung, spleen, kidney and liver modules. (biomedcentral.com)

Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)

The protein, fast skeletal myosin binding protein-C (fMyBP-C), plays a foundational role in the proper regulation of contractile structure and function in the body's fast twitch muscles - these muscles produce sudden bursts of power to sprint into action, jump or lift heavy objects. (uc.edu)
For that action, fast muscle is essential, and fast myosin binding protein-C is the key molecule to regulate the speed of action. (uc.edu)
Myosin-binding protein-C is a thick filament regulatory protein found in striated muscle in both the heart and skeletal system. (uc.edu)
Song says that research examined the role of the protein in fast-twitch muscles by generating a knockout mouse - an animal in which researchers have either inactivated, replaced or disrupted the existing fast myosin binding protein-C gene to study its impact. (uc.edu)
Song says advancing the knowledge of fast myosin binding protein-C may someday assist in addressing skeletal muscular disorders. (uc.edu)
We also think if we can manipulate the workings of fast myosin binding protein-C in skeletal muscle that we can prevent or at least slow down the loss of muscle function in genetic muscle disease such as distal arthrogryposis. (uc.edu)

Each myofiber is a multinucleate syncytium formed by fusion of immature muscle cells termed myoblasts . (medscape.com)

Glucose transport can be activated in skeletal muscle in response to insulin via activation of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase and in response to contractions or hypoxia, presumably via activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (diabetesjournals.org)
Muscle and liver non-heme iron (NHI) level, oxidative damage, antioxidant status, protein degradation markers, and stabilizing protein of ryanodine receptor (RyR1) were examined as potential mediators of iron-induced muscle dysfunction. (syr.edu)
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a major mechanism that detects and alleviates protein-folding stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum. (elifesciences.org)
Mitochondria and myogenesis-related gene and protein levels in response to Tug1 knockdown during myocyte differentiation, in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we present a study aimed at evaluating if a correlation exists between the treatment with GPAs and alterations in the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) protein pattern obtained from the biceps brachii skeletal muscle from mixed-bred cattle. (lu.se)
HIIT and MICT reduced blood lipid levels, ROS production, and protein carbonyl content in the skeletal muscle, while it enhanced the GSH generation and potently promoted mRNA expression of genes involved in the production of irisin and BAIBA. (edu.au)
and b) liberate bioactive peptides that are able to exhibit physiological responses that otherwise would be diminished from consuming intact protein sources. (biomedcentral.com)
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati say a regulatory protein found in skeletal muscle fiber may play an important role in the body's fight or flight response when encountering stressful situations. (uc.edu)
Sadayappan along with researchers at UC College of Medicine, Florida State University, the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the Illinois Institute of Technology published research in the scholarly journal PNAS to further the understanding of the protein in skeletal function and regulation. (uc.edu)
The effect on our muscles' structural protein components when they get worked out and overloaded. (muscleandstrength.com)

Training protocols apply sequential bouts of resistance exercise (RE) to induce the cellular and molecular responses necessary to produce compensatory hypertrophy. (nih.gov)
This experimental approach should be useful for studying the regulatory mechanisms that control the hypertrophy response. (nih.gov)
The increase in plantaris muscle fiber cross-sectional area in response to overload was attenuated in vitamin D-deficient CS-exposed mice (smoking × diet interaction for hypertrophy, P = 0.03). (ljmu.ac.uk)

The X chromosome-linked mutation resulted in mice ( mdx mice) with high serum levels of muscle enzymes and with histological lesions comparable to those seen in human muscular dystrophy. (hindawi.com)
Liang, Chen, "Functional and biochemical responses of skeletal muscle following a moderate degree of systemic iron loading in mice" (2019). (syr.edu)
The functional benefits of exercise on SOCE, constitutive Ca 2+ entry and muscle force production were lost in mice with muscle-specific loss of Orai1 function. (elifesciences.org)
In the present study, we demonstrate that IRE1α (also known as ERN1) and its downstream target, XBP1, are activated in skeletal muscle of mice upon injury. (elifesciences.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the skeletal muscle in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. (edu.au)
but remarkably higher mRNA expression of Hadha in the skeletal muscle than those of ApoE−/− MICT mice. (edu.au)
These results demonstrated that both exercise programs were effective for the ApoE KO mice by attenuating the oxidative damage and promoting the myokines response and production. (edu.au)
Our laboratory previously demonstrated that muscle-resident perivascular stem cells (NG2+ and CD146+ pericytes), also considered the primary mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in muscle, can effectively recover muscle mass in young adult mice following a period of immobilization. (illinois.edu)
In Chapter 2, pericytes were isolated based on two cell surface markers (NG2 and CD146) and then transplanted into tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in young adult mice after two weeks of immobilization. (illinois.edu)
IGF2 mutation knock-in (IGF2 KI) and ZBED6 knockout (ZBED6 KO) lead to changes in IGF2 expression and increase muscle mass in mice and pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that knockout mice demonstrated a reduced ability to exercise, showed less maximal muscle force and a diminished ability for muscle to recover from injury," explains Sadayappan. (uc.edu)

Such increment in the muscle iron level could be detrimental, as associations with increased muscle fatigability, atrophy, and oxidative stress were reported. (syr.edu)
In conclusion, a moderate degree of systemic iron loading impaired muscle contractile function but did not result in muscle atrophy. (syr.edu)
Skeletal muscle disuse atrophy is the decline of muscle mass that occurs after periods of extended bed rest or immobilization. (illinois.edu)
During premolt, increasing ecdysteroid levels cause claw muscle atrophy in Gecarcinus lateralis , allowing withdrawal of the claw at ecdysis. (colostate.edu)

A rest interval of 48 h between RE bouts resulted in much greater summation of myogenic responses than 24- or 8-h rest intervals. (nih.gov)

Mechanisms such as the immune/inflammatory response to injury appear to contribute substantially to muscle pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)
Immune/inflammatory-mediated mechanisms, which result in muscle cell death and/or mechanisms leading to fibrosis, may be important initiators of lesions in dystrophin-deficient muscle. (hindawi.com)
However, the mechanisms of muscle regeneration are not yet fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
Researchers have proposed two mechanisms to explain how RYR1 gene mutations underlie muscle weakness in people with central core disease. (medlineplus.gov)

T-cells and macrophages are classically thought to be responsible for triggering and orchestrating the immune response, inducing target cell death, recognizing immune stimuli, and removing cellular debris. (hindawi.com)

Exercise improves muscle strength, mitochondrial health, and cardiorespiratory fitness, but older adults often exhibit attenuated anabolic responses to acute exercise. (elsevierpure.com)
The interactions of 4 key steps in the acute response appear to be critical because this represents the "anabolic window" where strength nutrition maximizes an athlete's anabolic potential ( Figure 2 ). (lww.com)

Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
However, considerable numbers of resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells are also present in skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
By comparison, the mononuclear cells in muscles are much smaller. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the mononuclear cells in muscles are endothelial cells (which are about 50-70 μm long, 10-30 μm wide and 0.1-10 μm thick), macrophages (21 μm in diameter) and neutrophils (12-15 μm in diameter). (wikipedia.org)
However, in terms of nuclei present in skeletal muscle, myocyte nuclei may be only half of the nuclei present, while nuclei from resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells make up the other half. (wikipedia.org)
Considerable research on skeletal muscle is focused on the muscle fiber cells, the myocytes, as discussed in detail in the first sections, below. (wikipedia.org)
However, recently, interest has also focused on the different types of mononuclear cells of skeletal muscle, as well as on the endocrine functions of muscle, described subsequently, below. (wikipedia.org)
These constructs (mm 3 -cm 3 scale) consisted of tens to hundreds of long parallel myofiber bundles, containing densely packed, highly viable, and aligned muscle cells. (nature.com)
In Chapter 3, single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on hindlimb muscle two weeks after immobilization to evaluate differential gene expression in pericytes and other mononuclear cells. (illinois.edu)
Muscle contractions are triggered by an increase in the concentration of calcium ions inside muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
RYR1 channels are located in the membrane surrounding a structure in muscle cells called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (medlineplus.gov)
The resulting increase in calcium ion concentration in muscle cells stimulates muscles to contract, allowing the body to move. (medlineplus.gov)
These mutations change the structure of the RYR1 channel, which alters the normal flow of stored calcium ions within muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
the larvae, once in the striated muscle cells, can persist for months or years, although clinical signs and symptoms typically wane after several months. (cdc.gov)
Once the larvae have become established in skeletal muscle cells, usually by 3 to 4 weeks post infection, treatment may not completely eliminate the infection and associated symptoms. (cdc.gov)
The purpose of the present study was to examine the involvement of NF-κB in the induction of the IL-6 promoter in skeletal muscle cells by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or IL-1α. (dovepress.com)

Exercise promotes the formation of intracellular junctions in skeletal muscle between stacks of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) cisternae and extensions of transverse-tubules (TT) that increase co-localization of proteins required for store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). (elifesciences.org)
Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
Under different physiological conditions, subsets of 654 different proteins as well as lipids, amino acids, metabolites and small RNAs are found in the secretome of skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
A set of proteins could be defined that accurately detect the use of glucocorticoids and beta(2)-agonists as growth promoters through the changes caused in muscle differentiation. (lu.se)
Muscle produces proteins and metabolites in response to physical trauma. (marksdailyapple.com)

Exercise endurance, blood lipid profile, muscle antioxidative capacity, and myokine production were measured after six weeks of interventions. (edu.au)

However, the skeletal muscle functional and redox status implications of a lower degree of muscle iron loading remain unclear. (syr.edu)
A bioengineered skeletal muscle construct that mimics structural and functional characteristics of native skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic option to treat extensive muscle defect injuries. (nature.com)
In this study, we investigate the effects of neural cell integration into the bioprinted skeletal muscle construct to accelerate functional muscle regeneration in vivo. (nature.com)
20% of the original mass invariably results in functional impairment with limited regeneration capacity, which requires reconstructive surgical procedures such as autologous muscle flap transfers 1 . (nature.com)
We also demonstrated the feasibility of using these 3D bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs to treat critical-sized muscle defect injuries with structural and functional restoration in a rodent model 2 . (nature.com)
And, yup, optimum hormone levels are key to 1) maintaining and building lean muscle mass and 2) supporting the functional health of the body's organs. (marksdailyapple.com)
Geliebter A, Brutsaert ER, Surks MI: An unusual case of metastatic functional thyroid carcinoma with a remarkable treatment response to radioactive iodine. (msdmanuals.com)

Our model suggests that the immune response contributes substantially to the muscle degeneration and regeneration processes. (hindawi.com)
Substantially slower recovery from exercise of skeletal muscles. (meresearch.org.uk)

The adult worms mate and new larvae are produced which then migrate via the bloodstream to skeletal muscle throughout the body. (cdc.gov)
This article describes the structure, histologic features, and ultrastructural features of normal adult human skeletal muscle and addresses the results of improper specimen handling during muscle biopsy. (medscape.com)

Only the healthy pericytes were able to mount an antioxidant response to oxidative stress. (illinois.edu)

To this end, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of 6 months of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) supplementation on skeletal muscle function (mass, strength), mitochondrial physiology (respiration, ATP production, ROS generation), and acute exercise responsiveness at the level of the muscle (fractional synthesis rate) and the whole-body (amino acid kinetics) in healthy older adults. (elsevierpure.com)

In severe cases, weakness in the muscles of the chest and diaphragm impairs the ability to breathe effectively. (uclahealth.org)
We examined whether cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and/or vitamin D deficiency impairs the skeletal muscle hypertrophic response to overload. (ljmu.ac.uk)

Muscle biopsies were collected at −21, 1, and 21 DIM. (illinois.edu)
To test this hypothesis, we fed 10 insulin-sensitive males an isoenergetic HFD for 3 days with muscle biopsies before and after intervention. (diabetesjournals.org)
Muscle biopsies are infrequently performed, but they allow for the molecular identification of the Trichinella species or genotype, which is not possible with antibody testing. (cdc.gov)
Many of the images show the normal microscopic appearance of muscle biopsy specimens, with some of the basic histological stains that are used in the workup of muscle biopsies. (medscape.com)

Two recent microarray studies have shown that genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit reduced expression levels in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects and prediabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)

The mean muscle fibre diameter (MFD) among Antarctic notothenioids was in the range 17-61 μm and mitochondrial volume density, V v(mit,f), was 0.27-0.53, but capillary-to-fibre ratio varied only between 1.2 and 1.5. (biologists.com)
The motor nerve fibres reach the muscle fibres at sites called motor end plates, which are located roughly in the middle of each muscle fibre and store vesicles of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (this meeting of nerve and muscle fibres is known as the neuromuscular junction ). (britannica.com)
Acetylcholine binding causes ion channels to open and allows a local influx of positively charged ions into the muscle fibre, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (britannica.com)

These factors are central to the Pathway of Adaptation Model and influence the sequence of events responsible for exercise-induced muscle growth and increased strength expression after nutrient ingestion. (lww.com)

Typically by the age of 12, DMD patients require the use of a wheelchair due to the loss of lower limb muscle strength. (hindawi.com)
Limb bud autotomy, which suspends premolt by lowering hemolymph ecdysteroids levels, decreased Gl-EF2 , Gl-Rheb , Gl-mTOR and Gl-S6K mRNA in LBs, increased Gl-Mstn expression in claw muscle, and had no effect on these genes in thoracic muscle. (colostate.edu)
3, 4] Usually, it begins in the axial muscles and extends to the proximal limb muscles, but the severity of the limb muscle involvement may overwhelm the axial muscle involvement (stiff limb syndrome). (medscape.com)

Using DNA walking, an ecdysteroid receptor response element (EcRE) was located near the 5' end of the Gl-Mstn promoter, suggesting that Gl-Mstn expression is directly regulated by ecdysteroids. (colostate.edu)

responsible for the specific tension deficits, as well as examine the importance of iron in mediating skeletal muscle adaptation responses over a longer period of time. (syr.edu)
The Pathway of Adaptation Model describes strength nutrition concepts that mediate acute responses to resistance exercise and the chronic adaptations to training ( 29 ). (lww.com)
Key components of the Pathway of Adaptation Model play an interactive role in mediating the acute response to resistance exercise and chronic muscular adaptation to training. (lww.com)

This mutation in the murine dystrophin gene caused an absence of dystrophin in skeletal muscle and this key defect validated the mdx mouse as a suitable model of the early onset of DMD human disease [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
At least 11 mutations in the RYR1 gene have been found to cause congenital fiber-type disproportion, a disorder that causes general muscle weakness that typically does not worsen over time. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers suspect that disruption of the RYR1 channel may play a role in the muscle weakness and other features of congenital fiber-type disproportion, although the role of RYR1 gene mutations in this condition is unclear. (medlineplus.gov)

Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle was reduced 47% in obese versus lean rats, with a parallel 42% reduction in tyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
This most likely occurs from defects in postreceptor insulin signal transduction at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase ( 6 - 9 ) as well as defects in trafficking and/or function of GLUT4 ( 10 , 11 ), the major insulin-regulated GLUT isoform expressed in skeletal muscle ( 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
However, a common feature of aging is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which is often accompanied by mitochondrial impairments, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. (elsevierpure.com)
The mutation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2 mutation) that a single-nucleotide substitution (G→A) in the third intron of IGF2 abrogates the interaction with zinc finger BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6) and leads to increased muscle mass in pigs. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we report that SOCE, peak Ca 2+ transient amplitude and muscle force production during repetitive stimulation are increased after exercise in parallel with the time course of TT association with SR-stacks. (elifesciences.org)

These results indicate that TT association with SR-stacks enhances Orai1-dependent SOCE to optimize Ca 2+ dynamics and muscle contractile function during acute exercise. (elifesciences.org)
NEW & NOTEWORTHY We showed that regional blockade of the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), induced by venous infusion of the antagonist amiloride via the Bier block anesthetic technique , attenuated increases in arterial pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during both static handgrip exercise and postexercise muscle ischemia . (bvsalud.org)
These improvements in muscle strength with n3-PUFA supplementation occurred in the absence of any effects on mitochondrial function and a minor attenuation of the acute response to exercise compared to placebo. (elsevierpure.com)
Future studies may elucidate whether n3-PUFA supplementation improves the exercise response in elderly individuals with co-morbidities, such as chronic inflammatory disease or sarcopenia. (elsevierpure.com)
Maximal exercise capacity, whole body strength, in situ plantaris muscle force, and key markers of hypertrophic signaling (Akt, 4EBP1, and FoxO1) were not significantly affected by smoking or diet. (ljmu.ac.uk)
These results suggest that the individual response to exercise training is highly variable following different training protocols and that the incidence of non-response to exercise training may be reduced by changing the training stimulus for non-responders to three weeks of END or SIT. (plos.org)
Considerable heterogeneity exists in the individual response in peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) following exercise training [ 1 - 3 ]. (plos.org)
Strenuous and unaccustomed exercise frequently lead to what has been coined "delayed onset muscle soreness" (DOMS). (mdpi.com)
This model provides a framework for fundamental steps that mediate acute responses to resistance exercise associated with strength nutrition and chronic muscular adaptations to training. (lww.com)
But to maximize your exercise performance, improve recovery, and decrease muscle damage, there's another window of opportunity you may be missing. (muscleandstrength.com)
Rockel C, Akbari A, Kumbhare DA, Noseworthy MD. (2017) Dynamic DTI (dDTI) shows differing temporal activation patterns in post-exercise skeletal muscles. (mcmaster.ca)
CPET provides a comprehensive assessment of the physiologic response to exercise. (medscape.com)

Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles under the control of the somatic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Skeletal muscles are known as voluntary muscles, which means they are under a person's direct control. (uclahealth.org)

Skeletal muscle comprises about 35% of the body of humans by weight. (wikipedia.org)
Acid-sensing ion channels blockade attenuates pressor and sympathetic responses to skeletal muscle metaboreflex activation in humans. (bvsalud.org)
We conclude that ASICs play a role in evoking pressor and sympathetic responses to SHG and the isolated activation of the skeletal muscle metaboreflex in humans . (bvsalud.org)
These findings indicate that ASICs contribute to both pressor and sympathetic responses to the activation of the skeletal muscle metaboreflex in humans . (bvsalud.org)

Smooth muscle , which is found primarily in the internal body organs and undergoes involuntary, often rhythmic contractions that are not dependent on outside nerve impulses, generally shows a broad sensitivity to drugs relative to striated muscle. (britannica.com)
Skeletal muscle contracts in response to electrical impulses that are conducted along motor nerve fibres originating in the brain or the spinal cord . (britannica.com)

Front and back views of the major skeletal muscles of the human body There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body, making up around 40% of body weight in healthy young adults. (wikipedia.org)
We previously showed that bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs were able to form multi-layered bundles with aligned myofibers. (nature.com)
These results suggest that the 3D bioprinted human neural-skeletal muscle constructs can be rapidly integrated with the host neural network, resulting in accelerated muscle function restoration. (nature.com)
This strategy has been applied to develop a three-dimensional (3D) human muscle model with endothelium specificity and endomysium for the study of fibrosis 22 . (nature.com)
What are the differences between the three types of human muscles? (hubpages.com)
This response is very critical for the higher animal and human survival. (uc.edu)
During training, the human body's most efficient fuel sources are muscle glycogen (stored carbohydrates in the muscle), liver glycogen (stored carbohydrate in the liver), and glucose (sugar in the blood). (muscleandstrength.com)

Overall, the findings presented in this dissertation demonstrate that CD146+ pericytes and CD146+ pericyte-derived extracellular vesicles possess high capacity to stimulate muscle regrowth after immobilization, which may in part be due to resolution of oxidative stress. (illinois.edu)
This article provides introductory background information to assist the reader in understanding pathologic findings in muscle in various disorders that are presented in a separate article. (medscape.com)

Drugs such as adrenoceptor agonists, muscarinic agonists, nitrates, and calcium channel blockers all affect smooth muscle. (britannica.com)
Hormones can also influence smooth muscle function. (britannica.com)
Among their most important sites of action are bronchial and uterine smooth muscle. (britannica.com)

Muscle recovery was improved by CD146+ but not NG2+ pericytes, as assessed by muscle fiber size, capillary density and collagen degradation. (illinois.edu)

In response to certain signals, the RYR1 channel releases calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cell fluid. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, not enough calcium ions are available in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger muscle contractions. (medlineplus.gov)
Although the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores plenty of these ions, the receptor cannot release them in response to the usual signals. (medlineplus.gov)
Without enough calcium ions flowing out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum at the appropriate time, muscles cannot contract normally and muscle weakness results. (medlineplus.gov)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-chromosome muscle wasting disease affecting approximately one in 3,500 boys [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Observations of activated immune cell infiltrates in dystrophic muscle suggest that the immune/inflammatory response may play a role in exacerbating the disease [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Immunosuppressive therapy, such as treatment with glucocorticoids, improves muscle strength and prolongs ambulation in DMD patients but does not prevent disease progression [ 3 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, SOCE plays an important role in both normal muscle development/function and muscle disease. (elifesciences.org)
Dear Reader: Myasthenia gravis is a long-term disease that adversely affects the skeletal muscles. (uclahealth.org)
The name of the disease is drawn from Greek and Latin and means grave or serious muscle weakness. (uclahealth.org)
A disruption in calcium ion release prevents muscles from contracting normally, leading to the muscle weakness characteristic of central core disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Stiff person syndrome is a rare disease characterized by muscle rigidity that waxes and wanes with concurrent spasms. (medscape.com)
In the end stages of the disease, few muscles in the body are spared. (medscape.com)
Skeletal muscle mass and organ reserve, unless serious disease or trauma targets one or the other, generally tend to correspond throughout life. (marksdailyapple.com)
For a detailed discussion of muscle biopsy procedure and an overview of the clinical and laboratory features of neuromuscular disease, see Muscle Biopsy and Clinical and Laboratory Features of Neuromuscular Disease. (medscape.com)

This condition is characterized by muscle weakness, primarily affecting the muscles near the center of the body (proximal muscles), such as the muscles in the upper legs and hips. (medlineplus.gov)
Muscle weakness results from the inability of skeletal muscles to contract appropriately. (medlineplus.gov)

In this paper we constructed a simple mathematical model to investigate the role of the immune response in muscle degeneration and subsequent regeneration in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (hindawi.com)
Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system and typically are attached by tendons to bones of a skeleton. (wikipedia.org)

Soleus muscle contractile properties were assessed. (syr.edu)

Anatomy51

Organisms21

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Fibers18

Contraction16

Tissue24

Relaxants1

Activity in skeletal muscle1

Transport in skeletal muscle1

Metabolic10

Changes in skeletal1

Regulation of skeletal1

Metabolism2

Abstract1

Tissues4

Signaling pathways1

Myosin6

Myoblasts1

Protein10

Hypertrophy3

Mice14

Atrophy4

Myogenic1

Mechanisms4

Removing cellular1

Anabolic2

Cells16

Proteins5

Myokine1

Functional7

Substantially2

Adult2

Antioxidant1

Physiology1

Impairs2

Biopsies4

Diabetic1

Fibre3

Nutrient1

Limb3

Promoter1

Adaptation3

Gene3

Insulin4

Transient1

Exercise12

Voluntary2

Humans4

Impulses2

Human7

Findings2

Smooth3

Fiber size1

Sarcoplasmic4

Disease11

Weakness2

Muscular2

Contractile properties1