• Previous work identified two proteins in the bacterial cell (IHF, CRP) that directly affect toxin level by either directly or indirectly binding to the cellular DNA code responsible for toxin production. (usda.gov)
  • Our goals were to identify other proteins that affect bacterial toxin production and to elucidate how these proteins work together. (usda.gov)
  • Insertion of proteins into the bacterial outer membrane is mediated by a dedicated chaperone machinery. (unibas.ch)
  • Nowadays, the production of full Wolbachia genomes does not require the physical isolation of the bacterial strains from their respective hosts, and the bacterium is often sequenced as a by-catch of host genomic projects. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we describe how to identify protein secretion systems in bacterial genomes using the MacSyFinder program. (bvsalud.org)
  • The field of research of bacterial serine/threonine phosphorylation is fairly new, and while the advance of phosphoproteomics allowed to detect an increasing number of proteins that are phosphorylated in bacteria, biosensors able to report phosphorylation in single bacterial cells are still lacking, compared to the vast array of phosphorylation biosensors designed for eukaryotic cells. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • By expanding knowledge about seaweed-bacterium interactions and about the integrated defensive system in seaweeds, this work offers the basis for the development of tools to increase the resistance of cultured seaweeds to bacterial infections. (asm.org)
  • Research on these bacteria has greatly advanced our understanding of the basic principles that underlie the light capture and energy storage that takes place in all types of photosynthetic organisms, including both bacterial and eukaryotic forms. (mdpi.com)
  • NOD2 was identified as an intracellular protein in the proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) pathway, and the leucine-rich repeat was identified as a receptor for bacterial products (now known to be muramyl dipeptide). (medscape.com)
  • Other groups have suggested that, under normal circumstances, NOD2 acts as a negative regulator following bacterial stimulation of the cell surface receptor toll-like receptor-2, and that the CD-associated mutations result in a loss of this "brake" on the immune response leading to elevated NFkB. (medscape.com)
  • However, growing evidence suggests that chemotaxis in other bacteria is more complex with many bacterial species having multiple paralogues of the various chemotaxis genes found in E. coli and, in most cases, the detailed functions of these potentially redundant genes have not been elucidated. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Dr. Liu's research group primarily employs X-ray crystallography in combination with mechanistic, biological and computational methods to study proteins involved in bacterial infections and other human diseases. (luc.edu)
  • on-going studies aim to employ lactonase as a protein therapeutic to disrupt bacterial cell-to-cell communication, quorum-quenching. (luc.edu)
  • On Target 3 , on-going studies aim to modulate GabR-dependent transcription regulation to weaken bacterial stress response. (luc.edu)
  • We have evaluated the orthologous distribution of these elements in other sequenced bacterial genomes using the repertoire of TFs identified in USA300, and identified a core set of regulators for both the Firmicutes phylum, and the Staphylococacceae group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ii) two-component signaling proteins;and (iii) small molecules that overcome the bacterial stress response, including biofilm formation. (grantome.com)
  • We have recently discovered that these compounds also completely re-sensitize bacteria to conventional antibiotics and have demonstrated their effectiveness against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains including MRSA. (grantome.com)
  • Most bacterial nosocomial pneumonias occur by aspiration of bacteria colonizing the oropharynx or upper gastrointestinal tract of the patient. (cdc.gov)
  • During signal transduction, response regulators of two-component systems are phosphorylated in a conserved receiver module. (nih.gov)
  • Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to changes in their environment or in their intracellular state. (genome.jp)
  • Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) consist of sensor histidine kinases and response regulators. (biorxiv.org)
  • The pioneering works of J. Adler represented a significant turning point in understanding the whole process of intracellular signal transduction of bacteria. (wikidoc.org)
  • Two-component signal transduction pathways allow bacteria to sense and respond to the environment. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Due to the inherent diversity in the underlying mechanisms, protein-based thermosensors affect different cellular processes such as transcription, translation, protein stability, signal transduction as well as proteolytic processes. (springer.com)
  • A sophisticated signal transduction system, consisting of signal transducer proteins, a histidine kinase, a response regulator, a coupling protein, and enzymes that mediate sensory adaptation, relates the input signal to the flagellar motor. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The structure of an essential signal-transduction protein now reveals how lipopolysaccharide controls its own synthesis. (natureasia.com)
  • The Obg protein in Escherichia coli (ObgE) has been implicated in many diverse cellular functions, with proposed molecular roles in two global processes, ribosome assembly and stringent response. (rcsb.org)
  • Escherichia coli contains 30 two-component systems (TCSs), each consisting of a histidine kinase and a response regulator. (cipsm.de)
  • These thermosensors are part of a regulatory network, such as the production of heat shock proteins mediated by sigma factor 32 (RpoH) in Escherichia coli or the transcriptional repressor of heat-shock genes HrcA in Bacillus subtilis (Hecker et al. (springer.com)
  • The PPS1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein was shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, dephosphorylate phosphotyrosyl, and phosphothreonyl residues in synthetic diphosphorylated peptides and to inactivate the human ERK1 protein. (embl.de)
  • Chemotaxis has been extensively studied in bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and depends on the activity of single copies of proteins in a linear pathway. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In Escherichia coli and other bacteria, Fnr (fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator) proteins are known to be involved in controlling the switch between microaerobic and aerobic metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73139","fkpB","Escherichia coli","FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73161","apaG","Escherichia coli","protein associated with Co2+ and Mg2+ efflux [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73194","ftsL","Escherichia coli","membrane bound cell division leucine zipper septum protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73196","murE","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:meso-diaminopimelate ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73197","murF","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73288","bamA","Escherichia coli","BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis outer membrane pore-forming assembly factor [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73290","lpxD","Escherichia coli","UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73627","ppiB","Escherichia coli","peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (rotamase B) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Each two-component system consists of a sensor protein-histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). (genome.jp)
  • Histidine kinase 2 is a sensor of sodium ion concentration and redox potential, regulating transcription of genes for light-harvesting and reaction center proteins of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of algae and plants. (biorxiv.org)
  • Typically such pathways comprise a sensor histidine kinase and a response regulator. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The cytokinin signaling pathway consists of sensor kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histidine phosphotransfer proteins transfer the phosphate in the multistep phosphorelay signaling pathway from cytokinin sensor kinases to their final target, cytokinin response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type B cytokinin response regulators are the positive regulators that oppose the negative regulation of type A cytokinin response regulators in the two-component cytokinin signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin cause a rapid increase in the expression of response regulator genes Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones that promote cell division in plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins act in a restricted region of the root meristem, and their signaling and regulation of genes occurs through a multi-step phosphorelay mediate by cytokinin histidine sensor kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and cytokinin response regulator proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The type A cytokinin response regulator family in Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 10 genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • For this, it identifies and clusters co-localized genes encoding proteins of secretion systems using sequence similarity search with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) protein profiles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Another protein, the homologue of the transcriptional iron regulator RirA in Rhizobium legummosarum was identified and characterised in S mehloti as the new general regulator of iron responsive genes. (dcu.ie)
  • In addition, RirA was found to downregulate and upregulate respectively smc02726 and d ppAl, genes involved in haem acquisition, indicating that the regulator can function both as an activator and a repressor. (dcu.ie)
  • To identify YpdB-regulated genes, we compared the transcriptomes of E. coli cells overproducing either YpdB or a control protein. (cipsm.de)
  • In Bacillus subtilis, the DegS-DegU two-component system controls transcription of target genes in a manner dependent on the level of the phosphorylated response regulator, DegU. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The differentially expressed genes included those functioning in some important immune reaction and iron metabolism pathways, such as pattern recognition receptors, regulators of the JNK pathway, components of the phagosome pathway, regulators of the melanization response, activators of complement reactions, insulin signaling cascade members, oxidative stress and detoxification proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • pp)pGpp induction resulted in the downregulation of many genes involved in protein and RNA/DNA metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • New CodY independent transcriptional changes were detected including genes involved in the SOS response, iron storage (e.g. ftnA, dps), oxidative stress response (e.g., perR, katA, sodA) and the psmα1-4 and psmß1-2 operons coding for cytotoxic, phenol soluble modulins (PSMs). (nih.gov)
  • Analyses of the ftnA, dps and psm genes in different regulatory mutants revealed that their (pp)pGpp-dependent regulation can occur independent of the regulators PerR, Fur, SarA or CodY. (nih.gov)
  • The expression of central genes of the oxidative stress response protects the bacteria from anticipated ROS stress derived from PSMs or exogenous sources. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, mucin-related genes were enhanced in young females and contributed to mucus formation that maintains the distance between the host and gut bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transcriptomic changes in L. dendroidea in the presence of V. madracius include the upregulation of genes that participate in signaling pathways described here for the first time as a response of seaweeds to microbes. (asm.org)
  • The identification of this genetic association was highly significant for researchers, as it not only proved that genes for genetically complex diseases such as CD could actually be identified (the NOD2 /CD finding was, arguably, the first major success in genetically complex diseases), but it also supported the long-held hypothesis that CD was a heritable condition in which affected individuals had an abnormal response to "friendly" bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Disruption of the particular genes in proline biosynthesis pathways clarified the essential role of the anabolic ProB-ProA-ProI system over the osmoadaptive ProH-ProA-ProJ system for cellular protection in response to butanol exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analyses of transcriptional gusA reporter fusions revealed that besides showing similar properties to Fnr proteins reported in other bacteria, MgFnr is involved in the repression of the expression of denitrification genes nor and nosZ under aerobic conditions, possibly owing to several unique amino acid residues specific to MTB-Fnr. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this context, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) play an important regulatory role by either repressing or activating genes in response to environmental and physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In times of change/hostility bacteria encode genes normally unexpressed. (grantome.com)
  • The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
  • Molecular neuroscience has largely focused on the functions of protein-coding genes, which account for less than 2% of our DNA. (lu.se)
  • https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00225-22 The Aer2 chemoreceptor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an O2 sensor involved in stress responses, virulence, and tuning the behavior of the chemotaxis (Che) system. (llu.edu)
  • Translation elongation factor P (EF-P) is critical for virulence in bacteria. (cipsm.de)
  • We currently focus on three protein targets involved in difference aspects of virulence expression in pathogenic bacteria. (luc.edu)
  • Overall, a variety of approaches including protein engineering, inhibitor design and discovery of super agonistic ligands will be used to exploit the potential of reducing virulence, to bring about novel treatments that overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and to improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from these life-long infections. (luc.edu)
  • As virulence determinant production is very tightly regulated in S. aureus , a thorough understanding of its regulatory network is necessary to fully comprehend the pathogenic processes of this bacterium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we examine the conservation of 135 USA300 TFs amongst 11 other S. aureus strains, identifying a key group of regulators that display a high degree of conservation, including many that have previously been demonstrated to play a role in virulence gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prokaryotes commonly use a histidine-aspartate phosphorelay (HAP) system consisting of a histidine protein kinase (HPK) and a response regulator (RR). (igem.org)
  • The research that I presented with my poster are the preliminary results regarding the development of such sensors in the bacterium S. pneumoniae , which encodes a single serine/threonine kinase called StkP. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • This kinase is acknowledged as a central regulator of pneumococcal cell division and cell wall synthesis, but it is still not understood when and in which order StkP phosphorylates its substrates in the course of the cell cycle. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Our results were surprising and significant since in another bacteria associated with human health, E. coli, the protein Mlc has the opposite function. (usda.gov)
  • Some bacteria , such as E. coli , have several flagella per cell (4-10 typically). (wikidoc.org)
  • Bacteria such as E. coli are unable to choose the direction in which they swim, and are unable to swim in a straight line for more than a few seconds due to rotational diffusion . (wikidoc.org)
  • In other words, bacteria like E. coli use temporal sensing to decide whether life is getting better or worse. (wikidoc.org)
  • Pathogenic strains of the bacterium, E. coli cause many serious diseases including hospital-acquired infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), meningitis, diarrhea and septicemia. (ukri.org)
  • Chemotaxis , a kind of taxis , is the phenomenon in which bodily cells, bacteria , and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. (wikidoc.org)
  • Although migration of cells was detected from the early days of the development of microscopy ( Leeuwenhoek ) , erudite description of chemotaxis was first made by T.W. Engelmann (1881) and W.F. Pfeffer (1884) in bacteria and H.S. Jennings (1906) in ciliates . (wikidoc.org)
  • Chemotaxis is one of the most basic cell physiological responses. (wikidoc.org)
  • The second one is a methylesterase that controls the adaptation of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins or chemoreceptors (MCPs). (igem.org)
  • This behavior, called chemotaxis, is mediated by the bacteria changing direction by briefly reversing the direction of rotation of the flagellar motors. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Phosphorylation of the response regulator commonly results in its activation, allowing the protein to bind to target promoter elements to regulate transcription. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Several mechanisms are used to prevent inappropriate phosphorylation of the response regulator, thereby ensuring a specific response. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Combining what I had been studying in PhD and Postdoc, I am currently investigating at MMSB the molecular mechanism of antibiotics escape in Streptococcus pneumoniae with a focus on the role of serine/threonine phosphorylation regarding antibiotic stress, and more generally how this bacterium grows and divides. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Biosensors also allow to study the heterogeneity of phosphorylation in a given cell population, as it could be the case in response to antibiotics stress. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Differing expression of type-B cytokinin response regulators likely play a role in controlling cellular response to cytokinins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In nature as in biotechnology, light-oxygen-voltage photoreceptors perceive blue light to elicit spatiotemporally defined cellular responses. (nature.com)
  • Molecular chaperones play a key role in cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, but also in membrane protein transport and biogenesis. (unibas.ch)
  • ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that occurs mostly in response to cellular stress and is catalysed by members of the diverse poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymerase (PARP/ARTD) family. (cipsm.de)
  • Colonic epithelial cells (ECs) are responsible for secreting major cellular components of the innate defense system, including antimicrobial proteins (AMP) and mucins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to discovering and studying specific molecular and cellular mechanisms, we also address how and why the immune response (to tumors, pathogens or self) varies so dramatically across individuals. (massgeneral.org)
  • The transition state is a """"""""cellular holding pattern"""""""" during which bacteria decide which protective strategy is most appropriate. (grantome.com)
  • Inflammation can be turned on by a cellular process called ubiquitination, in which molecules called ubiquitin are attached to certain proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Protein-based thermosensors are a very diverse group including transcriptional regulators, sensor kinases, chaperones or proteases (reviewed in Klinkert and Narberhaus 2009 ). (springer.com)
  • pps1Delta mutant strains did not differ from PPS1 strains under any of the conditions tested, but overexpression of the PPS1 protein in S. cerevisiae led to synchronous growth arrest and to aberrant DNA synthesis. (embl.de)
  • Here, we investigated the transcriptome and protein S-thioallylomes under allicin and diallyl tetrasulfane (DAS4) exposure in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. (cdc.gov)
  • Our overall goals are: (a) to better understand how bacteria are able to adapt and reach their pathogenic potential and (b) develop approaches to stop pathogenic bacteria becoming infectious. (grantome.com)
  • Quorum sensing was first identified in Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fischeri , two bioluminescent marine bacteria, and was then identified as a highly conserved regulatory system among the Proteobacteria. (igem.org)
  • The pathogenic agent of cholera is Vibrio cholerae , a Gram-negative, curved-rod shaped bacterium (Figure 1). (kenyon.edu)
  • IMPORTANCE Marine bacteria are part of the healthy microbiota associated with seaweeds, but some species, such as Vibrio spp. (asm.org)
  • We will provide the very first characterization of a two-domain response regulator in solution (Spo0A) and elucidate the structure, dynamics, interactions and recognition determinants of multiple proteins from a complex phosphorelay that controls biofilm development in all human pathogenic Vibrio species. (grantome.com)
  • In addition we will further develop powerful new, non-toxic, small molecules that have been shown to both eradicate insidious pathogenic biofilms and to re-sensitize resistant bacteria to conventional antibiotics. (grantome.com)
  • At least eight different chaperones, arranged in an assembly line, transport β-barrel outer membrane proteins (Omps) and fold them into the membrane. (unibas.ch)
  • Protein secretion systems are complex molecular machineries that translocate proteins through the outer membrane and sometimes through multiple other barriers. (bvsalud.org)
  • The response regulators can then serve as positive or negative regulators of the signaling mechanism and affect gene expression within the plant cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium ions have been shown to inhibit the autophosphorylation activity of Hik2 that precedes phosphoryl transfer to response regulators, but the mechanism of inhibition has not been determined. (biorxiv.org)
  • One mechanism used by bacteria for the acquisition of iron is the production of siderophores, which are low molecular weight chelators with affinity and specificity for ferroc iron and which are formed and secreted under iron deplete conditions. (dcu.ie)
  • Through collaborative efforts, we are also interested in elucidating the mechanism of allosteric regulators and rational drug design against protein targets in humans. (luc.edu)
  • There is a mechanism by which the bacteria senses whether there is a sufficient population necessary to trigger the production of the toxins associated with these diseases. (usda.gov)
  • In this paper, we isolate and examine one protein component of this mechanism, and begin to explain how this protein participates in the regulation of toxin production. (usda.gov)
  • We will also study the newly discovered protein AbbA which may influence the transition state by a completely novel mechanism. (grantome.com)
  • In order to better define anti-microbial therapeutic targets, we will elucidate the mechanism of action for protein signaling cascades involved in the transition state and in biofilm formation. (grantome.com)
  • The 287 putative proteins detected to date represent about half of the estimated total number of 500 predicted for this organism. (uni.lu)
  • The product of the agrA gene has been shown by amino acid sequence similarity, to be the putative response regulator, however, binding of AgrA to promoters under its control has not yet been demonstrated. (usda.gov)
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • One possible explanation was that this "defect" in the innate immune system allows intracellular bacteria to escape the first-line defense of the immune system, thereby leading to an enhanced adaptive response. (medscape.com)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators can act as negative regulators of cytokinin signaling by either competing with type-B positive regulators or by regulating the pathway through direct and indirect interactions with other pathway mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to demonstrating different interactions between CRP and Mlc and their effects on periodontal toxin production, we also discovered how the IHF protein decreases toxin production by blocking Mlc binding to the toxin DNA. (usda.gov)
  • This report contributes significantly to the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in the highly dynamic seaweed-bacterium interactions. (asm.org)
  • Bacteria with two membranes must regulate the production of a surface molecule known as lipopolysaccharide. (natureasia.com)
  • A homologue of the ferric uptake protein (Fur), which regulates the uptake of iron in most Gram-negative bacteria, was identified and characterised However, the results suggest that in S mehloti, Fur does not function as an iron response regulator but actually regulates manganese uptake. (dcu.ie)
  • The structure of the Helicobacter pylori ferric uptake regulator Fur reveals three functional metal binding sites. (uni.lu)
  • Fur, the ferric uptake regulator, is a transcription factor that controls iron metabolism in bacteria. (uni.lu)
  • It can be used with a set of predefined MacSyFinder models, "TXSScan," to identify all major secretion systems of diderm bacteria (i.e., with inner and LPS-containing outer membranes) as well as evolutionarily related cell appendages (pili and flagella). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this chapter, we describe a complete pipeline of analysis, starting from (i) the integration of information from a reference set of experimentally studied systems, (ii) the identification of conserved proteins and the construction of their HMM protein profiles, (iii) the definition and optimization of "macsy-models," and (iv) their use and online distribution as tools to search genomic data for secretion systems of interest. (bvsalud.org)
  • The current model of cytokinin signaling and response regulation shows that it works as a multi-step phosphorelay two-component signaling system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin response regulators proteins are the final target of the two-step phosphorelay. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the cell decides which response is necessary in order to survive, ubiquitous signaling modules known as the two-component system/phosphorelay are called upon. (grantome.com)
  • While it is routine to detect structural viral proteins in vitro for diagnostic purposes, it previously remained impossible to directly and dynamically visualize HIV in living cells without genetic modification of the virus. (cipsm.de)
  • It is a crucial metal of many metalloenzymes and functions m important biological systems mamly as the cofactor of redox enzymes Bacteria must acquire iron from the environment where the metal is mainly found in the fem e iron state, which is very insoluble. (dcu.ie)
  • Transition metals are critical for all forms of life, with 30% of all proteins and 50% of all enzymes predicted to utilize a metal cofactor. (illinois.edu)
  • IMPORTANCE Bacteria sense change and respond to it by means of two-component regulatory systems. (biorxiv.org)
  • In the genus Corynebacterium , AmtR is a key component of the nitrogen regulatory system, and it belongs to the TetR family of transcription regulators. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have identified and thoroughly characterized the first regulatory protein mediating denitrification growth and magnetite biomineralization in response to different oxygen conditions in a magnetotactic bacterium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While high temperatures account for denatured and misfolded proteins, low temperatures may cause damage to membranes. (springer.com)
  • When the population increases, the signal concentration elevates and at a threshold level the acyl-HSLs come in interaction with transcription factors like the LuxR proteins. (igem.org)
  • Analysis of these hybrid proteins shows that the receiver modules of NtrC and PhoB are potential dimerization domains. (nih.gov)
  • To tackle this, I constructed different fluorescent hybrid proteins able to report StkP activity in single pneumococcal cells, or interacting specifically with its phosphorylated substrates. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • The phosphate is then transferred to a histidine phosphotransfer protein which then phosphorylates a response regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system is a called a two-step system because it involves two steps to transfer the phosphate to the final target, the response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sensor component is a protein that becomes covalently modified by a phosphate group on a histidine side chain. (biorxiv.org)
  • The response regulator accepts the phosphate group onto an aspartate, with structural and functional consequences, often for gene transcription. (biorxiv.org)
  • Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic protein PdxA [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • We fused various domains of the response regulators NtrC, PhoB or CheB to the DNA binding domain of lambda repressor. (nih.gov)
  • We want to know how bacteria detect this amino acid as it will help in our basic understand of why particular diseases are caused. (ukri.org)
  • We will look at how the amino acid is bound and what effects it has on the proteins that bind it. (ukri.org)
  • The deduced amino acid sequence of PPS1p shows similarity with protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and is most closely related to a subfamily of PTPases that are capable of dephosphorylating phosphoseryl and phosphothreonyl residues as well as phosphotyrosyl residues. (embl.de)
  • Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence suggests that the protein consists of an active phosphatase domain, an inactive phosphatase-like domain, and an NH2-terminal extension. (embl.de)
  • In this study, we determined post-stroke host defense responses at the colonic epithelial surface in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • The sex-specific colonic epithelial defense responses after stroke in young females were reversed with ovariectomy and led to a shift from a predominately mucin response to the enhanced AMP expression seen in males after stroke. (bvsalud.org)
  • A critical component of the metal withholding defense of the host is the metal binding protein calprotectin. (illinois.edu)
  • Thus, we identified a new link between the stringent response and oxidative stress in S. aureus that is likely crucial for survival upon phagocytosis. (nih.gov)
  • We have developed a novel series of calprotectin-based tools that enable us to study the impact of host-imposed metal starvation both in culture and during infection, and the strategies used by S. aureus and other bacteria to overcome nutritional immunity. (illinois.edu)
  • We've identified somatic mutations in tumors that are associated with anti-tumor immunity in patients, found T cell subtypes that are associated with a response to anti- PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma and are studying their properties now (Sade-Feldman et al. (massgeneral.org)
  • One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
  • By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, this study aimed to elucidate butanol stress responses that may involve in unique tolerance of B. subtilis 168 to butanol and other alcohol biocommodities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • a protein found in the blood that is produced in response to foreign substances (e.g., bacteria or viruses) invading the body. (cdc.gov)
  • A substance or combination of substances used in conjunction with a vaccine antigen to enhance (for example, increase, accelerate, prolong and/or possibly target) or modulate a specific immune response to the vaccine antigen in order to enhance the clinical effectiveness of the vaccine. (who.int)
  • however, upon binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), the global regulator of stringent response, ObgE exhibits an enhanced interaction with the 50S subunit, resulting in increased equilibrium dissociation of the 70S ribosome into subunits. (rcsb.org)
  • The stringent response is characterized by the synthesis of the messenger molecules pppGpp, ppGpp or pGpp (here collectively designated (pp)pGpp). (nih.gov)
  • Induction of rel-Syn resulted in changes in the nucleotide pool similar to induction of the stringent response via the tRNA synthetase inhibitor mupirocin: a reduction in the GTP pool, an increase in the ATP pool and synthesis of pppGpp, ppGpp and pGpp. (nih.gov)
  • As such, they are the master regulators of the immune response and serve this function by linking the microbial sensing features of the innate immune system to the exquisite specificity of the adaptive response. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Importantly, DCs also help guide the immune system to respond to foreign antigens while avoiding the generation of autoimmune responses to self. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Inflammation is a normal immune system response to injury and foreign invaders (such as bacteria). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Unlocking the Mysteries of the Immune System: new Roles of complement proteins in Diabetes and Cancer. (lu.se)
  • The gut is a major source of bacteria and antigens that contribute to neuroinflammation after brain injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon completion of this activity, the participant should understand the critical roles of dendritic cells in guiding host immune responses, and the details of how they mature, process, and present antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Changes in temperature are typically sensed as a result of conformation changes of protein structure as well as misfolded proteins. (springer.com)
  • A cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein is a plant protein that is involved in a two step cytokinin signaling and response regulation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • The regulation of iron was studied in Sinorhizobium mehloti, which is a free-living Gram-negative bacteria found in soil and also as an endosymbiont o f Medicago sativa (alfalfa). (dcu.ie)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis and sfGFP (superfolder green fluorescent protein) analysis reveal that AmtR directly and negatively regulates the transcription and expression of crn A, cre T, csh A, and hyu B. A growth test shows that C. glutamicum ATCC 14067 can use creatine or creatinine as a sole nitrogen source. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consequently, bacteria have developed different systems to sense changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and induce an adaptation of metabolism and gene expression. (springer.com)
  • also called CARD15 [caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15]) as the first susceptibility gene for Crohn disease (CD) . (medscape.com)
  • The PPS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for a dual specificity protein phosphatase with a role in the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle. (embl.de)
  • The protein produced from this gene helps control inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • OTULIN gene mutations that cause otulipenia lead to production of an OTULIN protein with reduced function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sepsis is defined as a host's response to been a candidate gene for investigation into blood culture bottles (Egyptian infection resulting from an imbalance in inflammatory disease, and studies Diagnostic Media) then incubated at between systemic pro-inflammatory focusing on elucidation of MIF gene 37 °C for 7-14 days. (who.int)
  • In the prototypical two-component pathway, the sensor HK phosphorylates its own conserved His residue in response to a signal(s) in the environment. (genome.jp)
  • Our findings reveal that the global oxygen regulator MgFnr is a genuine O 2 sensor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to respond to changing environment, bacteria developed sensory systems. (igem.org)
  • These modules are responsible for the majority of all sensory-response functions in bacteria. (grantome.com)
  • In other words, D-serine strongly affects the bacteria that colonise particular niches within the human body. (ukri.org)
  • Bacteria occupy countless niches. (grantome.com)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators are also likely involved in other processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • By indirectly measuring the level of DegU ~ P in the cell by assessment of several well recognised DegU regulated processes it was shown that DegU H12L retains its activity in the absence of DegS, and that mutation of D56 produced an inactive protein. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Following the doctrine of "Structure Determines Function", our research evolves around determining key protein structures that are mechanistically informative on biochemical processes. (luc.edu)
  • Using comparative proteomics approach and molecular analysis of butanol-challenged B. subtilis 168, 108 butanol-responsive proteins were revealed, and classified into seven groups according to their biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite superior butanol tolerance of B. subtilis , organic solvent tolerance mechanisms have been mostly studied in Gram-negative bacteria, while relatively less information has been described in either B. subtilis or Gram-positive bacteria [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, we show here that allicin and DAS4 cause a strong oxidative, disulfide and sulfur stress response in the transcriptome and widespread S-thioallylation of redox-sensitive proteins in B. subtilis. (cdc.gov)
  • Many of these roles require bacteria to colonise a defined location, a specific niche. (ukri.org)
  • The aim of this study was to detect terial isolates were identified on the ba- tions as: local infection, bacteraemia, the incidence of sepsis in adult surgical sis of colonial morphology, microscopic systemic inflammatory response syn- intensive care units (ICUs) of Zagazig examination of Gram-stained films of drome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic University Hospitals, Egypt. (who.int)
  • While parts of them may be similar to the proteins reportedly involved in solvent stress response in other Gram-positive bacteria, significant role of proline in the proline-glutamate-arginine metabolism was substantiated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we report on an Fnr-like protein (MgFnr) and its role in growth metabolism and magnetite biomineralization in the alphaproteobacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense . (biomedcentral.com)
  • These receptors activate dehydration tolerance response within one hour of dehydration and continue activation through eight hours. (wikipedia.org)
  • In its absence, several light-oxygen-voltage receptors invariably retained productive, if often attenuated, signaling responses. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 1: Photochemistry of light-oxygen-voltage receptors and sequences of proteins under study. (nature.com)
  • Treatment is supportive through aggressive multidisciplinary care along with small-molecule correctors and potentiators targeting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein defect. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A particular PID can be caused by defects in any one of several molecules that are required for certain responses, because a defect in any of the sequential steps can impair the system. (lu.se)
  • Due to fossil resource shortage, butanol has been increasingly produced generally by a conventional process using anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are confident that our work will provide a major step forward in our understanding of how bacteria cause specific diseases and, more generally, how they interact with humans and other animal hosts. (ukri.org)
  • Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins, or sirtuins, are protein deacetylases dependent on nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and are found in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacteria survive and reach their pathogenic potential towards humans by their ability to invoke the correct protective strategies at the appropriate times. (grantome.com)
  • Common to both classes is the interaction between receiver and output domain in the unphosphorylated protein. (nih.gov)
  • A further theory suggests that NOD2 mutations lead to a reduction in the production of alpha-defensins (small antibacterial proteins) by Paneth cells located in the small bowel. (medscape.com)
  • The type-B cytokinin response regulator family consists of two subfamilies and one major subfamily. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of type A cytokinin response regulators decreases sensitivity to cytokinins, and a lack of type-A cytokinin response regulators leads to increased sensitivity to cytokinins. (wikipedia.org)
  • We wanted to know how this bacteria increases or decreases toxin levels in response to environmental conditions at the genetic level. (usda.gov)
  • Detrimental host responses to infection occupy a continuum that ranges from sepsis to severe sepsis to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). (medscape.com)
  • Previously, we demonstrated that pre-exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) alters the host response to OD and induces oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
  • Repeated exposure to ODE or H2S or ODE+H2S induced oxidative stress and cytokine production, decreased tight junction protein occludin and cytoskeletal protein ezrin expression, disrupted epithelial integrity and resulted in increased Klebsiella pneumoniae invasion. (cdc.gov)
  • a severe and sometimes fatal Type 1 reaction in a susceptible person after a second exposure to a specific antigen (e.g., food, pollen, proteins in latex gloves, or penicillin) after previous sensitization. (cdc.gov)