Respiratory tract colonization or infection. Medical search. Frequent questions

This epidemiologic setting substantially differs from that of large families in that the latter include children of different ages and therefore, at any given time, only a fraction of siblings belong to the age group at enhanced risk for bacterial colonization and invasion, which limits the chances to acquire and transmit the organism. (cdc.gov)
We therefore propose that the synergistic stimulation of type I IFN production during concurrent influenza virus and pneumococcal infection leads to increased bacterial colonization and suggest that this may contribute to the higher rates of disease associated with coinfection in humans. (nih.gov)
She obtained her PhD degree cum laude from the Erasmus University in Rotterdam, Netherlands (Supervisors: Professor R de Groot, Professor P Hermans, 1999-2004), for her studies on pathogenesis of pneumococcal infections, focusing on (molecular) epidemiology of bacterial colonization of the upper respiratory tract. (ed.ac.uk)
Background: Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) often have respiratory tract infections and bacterial colonization requiring antibiotic treatment. (ac.ir)
If the bacterium multiplies but does not penetrate the ties, as is the case with most bacteria on the skin or in the oral cavity, for example, it is referred to as bacterial colonization . (sdam-svou-kvartiru.ru)

They can cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections, and they are particularly dangerous for patients with chronic lung diseases. (cdc.gov)
Among men and among women who are not pregnant, the most common diseases caused by GBS are blood infections, skin or soft tissue infections, and pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), or nosocomial pneumonia, is a lower respiratory infection that was not incubating at the time of hospital admission and that presents clinically 2 or more days after hospitalization. (medscape.com)
Primary inhalation pneumonia develops when these organisms bypass normal respiratory defense mechanisms or when the patient inhales aerobic gram-negative organisms that colonize the upper respiratory tract or respiratory support equipment. (medscape.com)
Aspiration pneumonia results from aspiration of colonized upper respiratory tract secretions. (medscape.com)
The development of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) represents an imbalance between normal host defenses and the ability of microorganisms to colonize and then invade the lower respiratory tract. (medscape.com)
Environmental changes of the host niche, often resulting from infection with respiratory viruses, changes of the microbiota composition, or other host assaults, can result in biofilm dispersion and spread of bacteria to other host niches, resulting in infections, such as otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. (lu.se)
However, LAIV administration can modify the bacterial microbiota in the upper respiratory tract, including alterations in species that cause pneumonia. (usda.gov)
Additionally, at the 16th Annual Congress (Munich, Germany) of the European Respiratory Society, a symposium sponsored by Janssen-Cilag titled "Best use of antibiotics in nosocomial pneumonia: improving efficacy and limiting resistance" was held to further inform clinicians on the optimisation of antibiotic therapy for nosocomial pneumonia. (ersjournals.com)
Overview of Pneumonia Pneumonia is acute inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 is the bacterial pathogen most frequently isolated from the lungs of recently weaned feedlot cattle with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and in dairy, beef or veal calves with enzootic pneumonia. (merckvetmanual.com)
This organism may opportunistically colonize lungs with chronically damaged respiratory defenses, such as occurs with enzootic calf pneumonia or existing lung lesions of feedlot cattle, and cause a purulent bronchopneumonia. (merckvetmanual.com)
At our center, 11 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection while in hospital. (medscimonit.com)
Multi-resistant Acinetobacter strains were isolated most frequently from the respiratory tract, and eight patients had probable or suspected pneumonia caused by a multi-resistant Acinetobacter sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Since colonization is a precursor to infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection, preventing MDRE colonization is an infection control priority. (biomedcentral.com)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a leading hospital acquired infection in intensive care units despite improved patient care practices and advancements in endotracheal tube (ETT) designs. (springeropen.com)
The top five pathogens associated with ETT-related pneumonia, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli, were evaluated for attachment to micro-patterned and un-patterned silicone surfaces in a short-term colonization assay. (springeropen.com)
Pneumonia is the most common hospital-acquired infection (HAI) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs)-comprising some 27% of these infections and driving more than half of the antibiotics prescriptions in the ICU [ 1 , 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa comprise the top two causative organisms of VAP and are considered particularly devastating lung pathogens as they cause persistent pneumonia infections, are resistant to a number of antimicrobials, and are associated with a high attributable mortality of patients with VAP [ 7 ]. (springeropen.com)
Colonization of airway does predispose to Nosocomial Pneumonia--23 per cent colonized develop pneumonia versus 4 per cent not colonized. (revolutionpharmd.com)
In 1960's, outbreaks of Nosocomial Pneumonia were related to contaminated respiratory therapy equipment. (revolutionpharmd.com)
Literature review: Nosocomial pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by different etiological agents, resulting in the imbalance of immunity mechanisms, especially in subjects admitted to Intensive Care Units. (bvsalud.org)
Dental biofilm colonization and periodontal disease may play an important role as reservoirs of microorganisms responsible for this infection, considering that nosocomial pneumonia results from the aspiration of the oropharyngeal flora to the lower respiratory tract. (bvsalud.org)

NOSEVAC will develop strategic research avenues to fight respiratory pathogens including those with epidemic potential and will facilitate evidence-based decision making to policy makers and investors. (erasmusmc-rdo.nl)
This trend has substantial public health consequences because the incidence of infectious diseases in general, and of those caused by respiratory pathogens in particular, has substantially increased among daycare center attendees. (cdc.gov)
Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
It inhibit attachment and replication of pathogenic microorganism, preventing colonization by these pathogens. (wku.edu)
One example of how they do this is through colonization resistance , meaning, for example, that the microorganisms living in our intestines take up all the available nutrients and places for organisms to bind so that pathogens cannot get a toehold long enough to cause infection. (cdc.gov)
Changes in composition and diversity of our gut microbiome are generally accepted as a risk factor for becoming carriers of antibiotic resistant pathogens and developing Clostridium difficile infection. (cdc.gov)
By measuring patients' Microbiome Indices, we can identify subsets of the population at risk for infection or for transmitting pathogens, to determine how to best implement infection control measures. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial infectious diseases of plants are very different from those of animals with respect to the spectrum of pathogens, infection strategies, dissemination, and defense mechanisms (see on plant disease). (sdam-svou-kvartiru.ru)
INTRODUCTION - During the past few decades, opportunistic fungal pathogens have become increasingly recognized as a cause of infection in severely ill or immunocompromised patients [ 1,2 ]. (medilib.ir)
Obstruction of the ostia leads to ciliary injury, mucosal edema, and general inflammation, which is further exacerbated by chronic colonization, in most cases with pathogens of the upper and lower respiratory tract such as Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus , and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
This engineered micro-pattern reduces the colonization and biofilm formation of key VAP-associated pathogens in vitro . (springeropen.com)
Although Candida and Aspergillus species continue to be the fungal pathogens that most frequently cause invasive fungal disease in immunocompromised persons overall, infections due to previously uncommon hyaline and dematiaceous filamentous fungi are being reported with increasing frequency. (medscape.com)
The article also discusses the potential role of several new antifungal agents that may be useful to treat serious infections caused by rare and emerging fungal pathogens. (medscape.com)

As livestock workers have also been shown to be at an increased risk of carriage, we have also assessed microbiota differences in colonization status in a population of livestock workers. (cdc.gov)
A Veni and Vidi career grant (NWO) and Top grant (ZonMW) have lead to the validation and adaptation of a metagenomic pipeline for analysis of low-density respiratory microbiota, the set-up of applied bio-informatic methods and the first analyses of environmental effects on such microbiota including mode of delivery, breastfeeding and outcome. (ed.ac.uk)
Current projects utilize next-generation sequence technologies (e.g., whole-genome sequencing, 16S rRNA gene microbial profiling, and RNA-sequencing) to examine the complex relationships between the microbiota, antibiotic exposure, and risk of infections. (yale.edu)
Most metabolic processes were distributed widely throughout the digestive tract microbiota, with variations in metagenomic abundance between body habitats. (biomedcentral.com)
While the vast majority of studies focused on the bacterial component of the microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions, recent works have highlighted the contribution of fungal and viral kingdoms at both digestive and respiratory levels. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are a common cause of infections in healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)
Because patients especially those who colonized with CRPA do not have signs or symptoms of · Receive complex medical care, such as infection, they can go undetected and contribute to silent intensive care unit admission or having spread of resistant bacteria. (cdc.gov)
thus, young children are prone to colonization and infection by encapsulated bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Colonization followed by influenza coinfection led to a synergistic type I IFN response, resulting in increased density of colonizing bacteria and susceptibility to invasive infection. (nih.gov)
The niches that these bacteria encounter during colonization and infection vary markedly in nutritional availability and contain different carbon sources and levels of other essential nutrients needed for bacterial growth and survival. (lu.se)
However, bacteria that are present in the respiratory tract of most pigs may interfere with the induction of a protective immune response by LAIV vaccination since it is delivered into the nose. (usda.gov)
Physicians could use Microbiome Indices to assist in selection of antibiotics to treat effectively an infection without putting the patient at increased risk of becoming a carrier of antibiotic resistant bacteria, thereby preventing additional risk to the patient. (cdc.gov)
abstract = "Objective: Colonization of the respiratory tract with Gram-negative bacteria in intensive care patients increases the risk of subsequent infections. (amsterdamumc.org)
Application of systemic antibiotics may prevent colonization with Gram-negative bacteria, but this effect has never been quantified. (amsterdamumc.org)
The objective of this study was to determine associations between systemic antibiotic use and acquisition of respiratory tract colonization with Gram-negative bacteria in ICUs. (amsterdamumc.org)
Patients: Patients with ICU stay of more than 48 hours and absence of respiratory tract colonization with Gram-negative bacteria on ICU admission. (amsterdamumc.org)
In all, 250 of 481 patients (52%) acquired respiratory tract colonization with Gram-negative bacteria after a median of 5 days (interquartile range, 3-8 d) (acquisition rate, 77.1/1,000 patient-days at risk). (amsterdamumc.org)
Antibiotic exposure during ICU admission was present in 78% and 72% of the patients with and without acquired Gram-negative bacteria colonization, respectively. (amsterdamumc.org)
Conclusions: Among patients not colonized with Gram-negative bacteria in the respiratory tract at admission to ICU, systemic antibiotics during ICU stay were not associated with a reduction in acquisition of Gram-negative bacteria carriage in the respiratory tract during the ICU stay. (amsterdamumc.org)
The factors predicting infections were the type of treatment (biologic vs. non biologic disease-modifying treatments), with an odds ratio of 8.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.7-43.4) and sputum colonization by any bacteria (odds ratio 7.4, 2.0-26.8). (biomedcentral.com)
Given the routes of transmission of the bacteria, it is not surprising that herds which experience high rates of Mycoplasma bovis-associated disease tend to have a higher prevalence of infection, and that once a herd is infected, eradication of Mycoplasma bovis is extremely hard due to the continual cycle of infection, shedding and transmission. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
Since bacteria cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals in the early twentieth century, the prevention of bacterial infections by hygiene and their treatment by antibiosis is a central problem of medicine. (sdam-svou-kvartiru.ru)
Nosocomial infections with highly resistant bacteria in the foreground in industrialized countries. (sdam-svou-kvartiru.ru)
Of the phase-III and -IV cultures, four were derived from strains that had been isolated in phase I. Colonisation of the nasal cavity was investigated by counting bacteria in nasal swabs and washings. (microbiologyresearch.org)

they colonize the upper respiratory tract surfaces, from which they can disseminate to other attendees. (cdc.gov)
Pneumococcus can colonize the upper respiratory tract, most commonly in young children, and is transmitted to others through contact with respiratory droplets from a person with pneumococcal colonization in the upper respiratory tract ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

The prevalence rate in healthy children during the second year of life ranges between 10 percent and 12 percent, which coincides with the peak attack rate of invasive infections. (cdc.gov)
The prevalence of M. catarrhalis colonization depends on age. (msdmanuals.com)
The prevalence of colonization is not surprising, the most useful and the most widely available tests for considering that numerous S. Recurrent gas gangrene has been described as long as 20 to 30 years after an initial episode until local trauma or hematoma provides a stimulus for germination of the spore and initiation of infection. (seagullindia.com)
Earlier data demonstrate that populational Zn status is associated with the prevalence of respiratory tract infections in children and adults ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We determined the prevalence, timing, and risk factors associated with MDRE intestinal colonization among infants in southern Sri Lanka. (biomedcentral.com)
In communities that have high baseline MDRE intestinal colonization prevalence, intranatal transmission (i.e., transmission at birth) or postnatal transmission (i.e., transmission through breastmilk, environment-to-person exposure, or person-to-person exposure after birth) may play an important role in MDRE intestinal colonization of infants. (biomedcentral.com)
In Sri Lanka, a south Asian country, the prevalence of MDRE intestinal colonization, age at which colonization occurs, and risk factors for colonization are unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
In diseased herds, the prevalence of colonisation of the upper respiratory tract can be very high, with reports of 100% of animals being infected. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
Objectives To study the prevalence of methicillin sodium-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a child care center following the diagnosis of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) disease in a previously well 212-year-old attendee and to determine the optimal site of detection of S aureus . (jamanetwork.com)
INTRODUCTION: Most of the current evidence regarding pneumococcal upper respiratory colonization in adults suggests that despite high disease burden, carriage prevalence is low. (ox.ac.uk)
Considering that in Brazil this infection may occur from one tenth of the patients in Intensive Care Units, it becomes even more important to know its prevalence and associated factors, so to plan effective control strategies. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary bacterial co-infections among patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam. (who.int)

Bacteremia can be complicated by local infections, such as osteomyelitis or septic arthritis . (medscape.com)
The incidence of MDR AB bacteremia, which develops as a result of colonization, is increasing through widespread dissemination of the pathogen, and further colonization. (biomedcentral.com)
Multivariate analysis indicated infection and respiratory failure at the time of ICU admission, maintenance of mechanical ventilation, maintenance of endotracheal tube instead of switching to a tracheostomy, recent central venous catheter insertion, bacteremia caused by other microorganism after colonization by MDR AB, and prior antimicrobial therapy, were significant risk factors for MDR AB bacteremia. (biomedcentral.com)
However, there is limited data on risk factors associated with the development of MDR AB bacteremia from colonization in ICUs. (biomedcentral.com)

Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes , a beta-hemolytic bacterium that belongs to Lancefield serogroup A, also known as the group A streptococci (GAS), causes a wide variety of diseases in humans. (medscape.com)
Invasive soft tissue infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes. (medscape.com)
Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium. (cdc.gov)
In this chapter, we use Streptococcus pneumoniae as a model respiratory pathobiont. (lu.se)
Upper respiratory tract colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults. (ox.ac.uk)
EXPERT OPINION: Respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been underestimated in adults. (ox.ac.uk)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a biofilm-forming opportunistic pathogen which causes chronic infections in immunocompromised patients and leads to high mortality rate. (frontiersin.org)
Burn patients may be at risk for skin colonization and develop Pseudomonas sepsis. (revolutionpharmd.com)

Bacterial and viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. (erasmusmc-rdo.nl)
Sinusitis Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses due to viral, bacterial, or fungal infections or allergic reactions. (msdmanuals.com)
After stress or viral infection, the replication rate of M haemolytica in the upper respiratory tract increases rapidly, as does the likelihood of culturing the bacterium. (merckvetmanual.com)
The increased bacterial growth rate in the upper respiratory tract, followed by inhalation and colonization of the lungs, may occur because of suppression of the host's defense mechanism related to environmental stressors or viral infections. (merckvetmanual.com)
This study highlights the importance of monitoring bacterial coinfection in patients with viral lung infection due to SARS-CoV-2. (medscimonit.com)

Any pregnant woman who previously had a baby with GBS disease or who has a urinary tract infection caused by GBS should receive antibiotics during labor. (cdc.gov)

While many factors influence colonization, it has been demonstrated other members of the microbiome influence colonization with S. aureus. (cdc.gov)
Additional projects focus on how disruptions of homeostasis in the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome influence colonization resistance, development of antibiotic resistance, and risk of both hospital and community acquired infections. (yale.edu)

Therefore, if patients receive an initial appropriate antibiotic regimen for VAP, a shortened 7-day therapy may produce an effective response and clinical resolution of the infection. (ersjournals.com)
In summary, we demonstrated that P. aeuginosa clinical isolates with novel epigenetic markers could form excessive biofilm, which might enhance its antibiotic resistance and in vivo colonization in COVID-19 patients. (frontiersin.org)
Antibiotic resistant infections are a global crisis. (cdc.gov)
Improving our knowledge of how we can prevent antibiotic resistant infections is key in the effort to save lives and prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and deaths. (cdc.gov)
We believe Microbiome Indices will have a positive impact on patient care, antibiotic stewardship, infection control, and drug development. (cdc.gov)
From a public health perspective, Microbiome Indices can serve as tools for infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship. (cdc.gov)
Cephalexin is a good broad spectrum antibiotic, which means it is useful in most common and uncomplicated infections. (seagullindia.com)
Does sputum, biochemical and radiological markers of infection correlate with antibiotic prescribing in acute exacerbations of COPD? (ers-education.org)
Both community-associated and hospital-acquired infections with Staphylococcus aureus have increased in the past 20 years, and the rise in incidence has been accompanied by a rise in antibiotic-resistant strains-in particular, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and, more recently, vancomycin-resistant strains. (medscape.com)
Ingestion of C. difficile may lead to antibiotic associated diarrhea, or VRE may be ingested and lead to colonization which precedes invasive infection. (revolutionpharmd.com)
As in urinary tract infections, patient's flora may contaminate the wound, however hospital organisms usually predominate with multiple antibiotic resistances. (revolutionpharmd.com)

Most pathobionts of the respiratory tract form biofilms during asymptomatic colonization to survive and persist in this niche. (lu.se)
Professor Pettigrew's research focuses on pathobionts of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts (e.g. (yale.edu)

Noble W. C Hospital epidemiology of Acinetobacter infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
OBJECTIVES: The American Academy of Pediatrics National Registry for the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Perinatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (NPC-19) was developed to provide information on the effects of perinatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. (cdc.gov)
METHODS: National Registry for the Surveillance and Epidemiology of Perinatal COVID-19 participating centers entered maternal and newborn data for pregnant persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection between 14 days before and 10 days after delivery. (cdc.gov)
AREAS COVERED: In this article, relevant literature published in peer review journals on adult pneumococcal colonization, epidemiology, detection methods, and recommendations were reviewed. (ox.ac.uk)

Cephalexin is the gold standard in upper and lower respiratory tract infections and here also shall play a vital role besides other conventional therapies. (seagullindia.com)

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a fatal lung infection caused by the novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which has influenced millions of people globally since its onset. (frontiersin.org)
Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus had caused over 3 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and more than 150 000 deaths in the U.S. [1]. (medscimonit.com)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by 2 of transmission, 6 with sporadic imported cases and no severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus local infection since 6 May 2020. (who.int)

The most significant infections caused by M catarrhalis are upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) such as otitis media and sinusitis in children and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in adults. (medscape.com)
early colonization is a risk factor for recurrent otitis media. (msdmanuals.com)
Affected calves may also suffer from otitis media/interna, arthritis, or both.⁴ Middle ear infections can occur as single cases or as outbreaks. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)

In daycare centers, respiratory organisms spread easily through large droplet transmission among young children with poor hygienic habits who share toys contaminated with respiratory secretions or saliva. (cdc.gov)
According to the new CDC definition algorithm, VAP is an Infection-related Ventilator-Associated Complication (IVAC) occurring after 3 days of mechanical ventilation and 2 days before or after the onset of worsening oxygenation, if purulent respiratory secretions with positive cultures or objective signs of respiratory infection have been found [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
The main sources of infection are respiratory secretions and infected milk. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
In infected herds, calves become infected when they are very young, either in the calving pen, from ingesting infected colostrum or milk, or from close contact with individuals shedding Mycoplasma bovis in respiratory secretions. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)

GBS infections in both newborns and adults are usually treated with antibiotics (e.g., penicillin or ampicillin) given through a vein. (cdc.gov)
The colonization rate drops substantially in older children and adults. (cdc.gov)
About 1 to 5% of healthy adults have upper respiratory tract colonization. (msdmanuals.com)
Recent evidence suggests that the 'pediatric approach' may be insufficient in adults and pneumococcal detection in this population may be improved by longitudinal studies that include samples from additional respiratory sites combined with more extensive laboratory testing. (ox.ac.uk)
We describe the bacterial community composition of ten digestive tract sites from more than 200 normal adults enrolled in the Human Microbiome Project, and metagenomically determined metabolic potentials of four representative sites. (biomedcentral.com)

Vaccines against some of these diseases, administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, do not prevent colonization or infection of the upper respiratory tract (URT), and therefore have limited impact on pathogen transmission. (erasmusmc-rdo.nl)

GBS is the most common cause of sepsis (blood infection) and meningitis (infection of the fluid and lining surrounding the brain) in newborns. (cdc.gov)

Substantial regional differences in colonization rates occur. (msdmanuals.com)

Continued surveillance of ITU patients and occasional environmental sampling has proved to be important in preventing and controlling subsequent outbreaks of infection by this increasingly important nosocomial pathogen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A study5 on Belgian veal units found Mycoplasma bovis in 87.5% of respiratory disease outbreaks. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
Nosocomial outbreaks of Scedosporium and Lomentospora infection in immunocompromised hosts have been linked to contaminated ambient air in hospitals [ 27,35-38 ]. (medilib.ir)

Infection with this pathogen is also causally linked to 2 potentially serious nonsuppurative complications: acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and acute glomerulonephritis . (medscape.com)
In this phase, patients may recover from acute respiratory distress despite the persistence of residual symptoms. (wikidoc.org)
Colloquially, acute bacterial infectious diseases of the respiratory tract are also abbreviated as bacterial infections the term. (sdam-svou-kvartiru.ru)
Clinical manifestations from these unusual fungal infections range from colonization of airways to chronic localized lesions to acute invasive or disseminated disease. (medscape.com)

It is a biofilm-forming opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals with diseases like burn wounds, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections ( Gellatly and Hancock, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
A pathological, self-damaging defense reactions of the host according to of a bacterial infection, that is, after the elimination of the pathogen, is not addressed as a bacterial infectious disease, although the cause is the original infection. (sdam-svou-kvartiru.ru)
aggressive control measures to prevent the transmission and colonization of this pathogen are currently limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Neisseria lactamica is a harmless coloniser of the infant respiratory tract, and has a mutually-excluding relationship with the pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. (pacb.com)

Bronchiectasis is frequently associated (up to 30%) with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and leads to lower respiratory tract infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Lower respiratory tract infectious events are frequent among patients receiving biologics for chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease associated with bronchiectasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these observations suggest a potential increased risk of infections of lower respiratory tract in patients with chronic rheumatic disorders treated with biologic DMARDs. (biomedcentral.com)
Mycoplasma bovis is well adapted to causing chronic, asymptomatic infections and, therefore, the role of 'carrier' animals is an important part of the Mycoplasma bovis story. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
However, chronic pulmonary infection tends to progress and disseminated infections can be fatal. (medscape.com)
The oral lesions associated with these deep fungal infections are chronic and progress to form solitary, chronic deep ulcers with the potential for local destruction and invasion and systemic dissemination. (medscape.com)
Chronic oral ulceration, chronic maxillary sinus infection, or bizarre mouth lesions, especially in patients with HIV disease, those with lymphoproliferative disorders, persons with diabetes mellitus, or those who have been in endemic areas, may suggest the diagnosis and patients should be treated in consultation with a physician with appropriate expertise. (medscape.com)
Although the dominant clinical features of CF are lower respiratory tract infections and pancreatic insufficiency, the vast majority of CF patients will also develop chronic rhinosinusitis due to sinonasal mucus accumulation [ 2 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
While GLA mycobiota also influences chronic gut diseases such as IBD, we will not address this key role in the present review: we aimed at analyzing how lung and gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota influence each other, how they interact with the human immune system, and their role in respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)

In lower respiratory disease, patients have increased cough, purulent sputum production, and increased dyspnea. (msdmanuals.com)
Biologic treatment and pre-existing sputum colonization are independent risk factors of infection occurrence. (biomedcentral.com)

The NOSEVAC consortium aims to develop and assess innovative nasal vaccine platforms as a novel concept to block the earliest stage of infection, thereby inhibiting URT colonisation, transmission and disease. (erasmusmc-rdo.nl)
Expected outcomes include (1) strengthening innovation in Europe by enriching the pipeline for novel vaccines against (new) respiratory infections, (2) increasing knowledge on the mechanisms underlying URT colonization, infection and immunity, and (3) evaluating nasal vaccine acceptability by stakeholders. (erasmusmc-rdo.nl)
A cross-sectional study of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiomes. (cdc.gov)
Here, we assessed the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiomes of healthy participants in relation to S. aureus colonization in a cross-sectional study using 16s rRNA sequencing of the v1-v3 region. (cdc.gov)
We employed isogenic single and double mutants of the ompP5 and hap genes generated in the pathogenic strain NTHi375 to evaluate P5 and Hap contribution to biofilm growth under continuous flow, to NTHi adhesion, and invasion/phagocytosis on nasal, pharyngeal, bronchial, alveolar cultured epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, and to NTHi murine pulmonary infection. (qub.ac.uk)
The results showed that two phase-I cultures from pigs colonised the nasal cavity and respiratory tract of gnotobiotic piglets better than did four phase-I cultures from other species. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It was concluded that the development of turbinate atrophy was associated with (1) the ability to produce heavy, persistent colonisation in the nasal cavity, and (2) the production of a heat-labile toxin. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Factors contributing to the pathology of rhinosinusitis are mucociliary impairment, infection, allergy, mucosal edema, and, rarely, physical obstructions caused by morphological or anatomical variation in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinus [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Histopathology is often required to differentiate tissue invasion from airway colonization. (medscape.com)

Carbapenems are last-line antibiotics used to treat serious multidrug-resistant infections. (cdc.gov)
The traditional approach was to treat nosocomial infections for 14-21 days at the cost of increased toxicity, added expense and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. (ersjournals.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has received reports from international healthcare facilities that Candida auris , an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast, is causing invasive healthcare-associated infections with high mortality. (blogspot.com)
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) yeast that can cause invasive infections and is associated with high mortality. (blogspot.com)
The timing of and risk factors for intestinal colonization with multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE) are still poorly understood in areas with high MDRE carriage. (biomedcentral.com)
Candida auris ( C. auris ) is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that can colonize the skin and cause invasive infections. (cdc.gov)

My research group has a major focus on investigating the physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory infections and inflammation from an ecological perspective, with the ultimate goal to design new or improved treatment and preventive measures for respiratory infections in susceptible populations. (ed.ac.uk)

We find that most mutations that occur during nasopharyngeal carriage are transient indels within repetitive tracts of putative phase-variable loci associated with host-microbe interactions (pgl and lgt) and iron acquisition (fetA promotor and hpuA). (pacb.com)
5y) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms were associated with S. pneumoniae carriage, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 2.17 (95% CI 1.13, 4.12) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.15, 4.50), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

M catarrhalis infections may occur at any age. (medscape.com)
It can occur spontaneously, during certain tissue infections, with use of indwelling genitourinary or IV catheters, or after dental. (msdmanuals.com)

In healthcare settings, CRPA is transmitted from Colonization means that the organism person to person, via the hands of healthcare is found in or on the body, but it is not personnel or contaminated medical equipment causing any symptoms or disease. (cdc.gov)
Premature babies are more susceptible to GBS infection than full-term babies, but most (75%) babies who get GBS disease are full term. (cdc.gov)
the source of infection for others with late-onset GBS disease is unknown. (cdc.gov)
Although most cases of invasive Kingella kingae infections are sporadic, clusters of invasive disease have been detected among attendees of daycare centers in Israel, Europe, and the United States. (cdc.gov)
Certain persons with pneumococcal colonization might develop invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
We sought to evaluate the effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica colonization on LAIV immunogenicity and efficacy in swine, and the impact of LAIV and IAV challenge on B. bronchiseptica colonization and disease. (usda.gov)
For an individual patient, similar to when a doctor orders bloodwork to check a patient's health and to determine if they are at risk for a disease like diabetes, the goal of Microbiome Indices is to measure risk of colonization and/or infection - a literal "gut check. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of lower respiratory tract infectious events among patients followed for bronchiectasis and receiving non biologic DMARDs and/or biologic treatments for rheumatic diseases, and to assess factors associated with infections, and in particular disease-modifying treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major cause of opportunistic respiratory tract disease, and initiates infection by colonizing the nasopharynx. (qub.ac.uk)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major problem of young stock, causing significant loss and compromising animal welfare. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
Exposure to Mycoplasma bovis increases the risk of calves being treated for respiratory disease.1 Mycoplasma bovis is not uncommonly isolated from the lungs of pneumonic calves2 so it's important when controlling respiratory disease in youngstock, that we understand its role. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
In the UK, 2015 data from a subsidised serology scheme run by Zoetis showed 50 per cent of 2,460 calves with a history of respiratory disease, had been exposed to Mycoplasma bovis. (veterinaryirelandjournal.com)
The bacterial microbiome of the human digestive tract contributes to both health and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Nosocomial infection (NI) incidence is related to severity of underlying disease , i.e. patients with a 50 per cent chance of death in 1 year have a 40 per cent chance of NI, whereas a patient with a non-fatal illness have only a 3 per cent chance of NI. (revolutionpharmd.com)
Bacterial co-infections in cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to less favourable outcomes. (who.int)
Older age, presence of comorbidity, symptoms and abnormal CXR at admission and more severe disease were associated with a primary bacterial co-infection. (who.int)

This article, focuses on noncandidal oral fungal infections (deep mycoses). (medscape.com)
Although these noncandidal fungal infections are considerably less common than oral candidiasis, they commonly produce subclinical infection, especially pulmonary infections. (medscape.com)
The frequency and diversity of serious fungal infections are increasing. (medscape.com)
As a result, the incidence of invasive fungal infections of the lungs has risen substantially. (medscape.com)
This is significant because, despite marked advances in antifungal therapy, infections caused by opportunistic fungal infections (rare and emerging) continue to be associated with high morbidity, high mortality, and poor patient outcomes. (medscape.com)
However, despite progress made in developing new antifungal therapy, successful treatment of these unusual fungal infections remains rare and challenging. (medscape.com)
With accurate diagnosis, rare fungal infections require treatments that may include adjunctive surgical debridement, reconstitution of the host immune system, and new and old antifungals singly or in combination, one case at a time. (medscape.com)

Human infection often results from inhalation of spores from the environment into the lungs or paranasal sinuses or through direct inoculation, as in a skin puncture [ 31 ]. (medilib.ir)

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of both infections globally. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: S. aureus is a frequent colonizer of the human upper respiratory tract, including the nares and oropharynx and causes a wide range of infections. (cdc.gov)
Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to better explore what microorganisms may be associated with S. aureus colonization. (cdc.gov)
An example of radiographic findings in S aureus infections is shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
When S. aureus or Group-A-beta-hemolytic Streptococci cause several infections, one should worry about personnel as carrier. (revolutionpharmd.com)

Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at CDC. (cdc.gov)
GLA can shape immune responses and interfere with the course of respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Viruses are also known to be key players in numerous respiratory diseases and to interact with the human immune system, but technical issues still limit the amount of data regarding virobiota ( Mitchell and Glanville, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)

Any of a number of antimicrobial drugs may be used to treat M catarrhalis infection, depending on the need for use of oral or parenteral medication, the age of the patient, any underlying conditions present, the sensitivity of the organism, and the desired spectrum of coverage. (medscape.com)
E. americana is an organism with simple nutritional needs that can survive in water and citrate solution, and preferentially grows at 4°C. Domestic sources of water, including air conditioning units, ice baths, and wound irrigation systems, have been cited as sources of infection. (wikipedia.org)
Colonization with the organism is known to increase the risk of developing infections and occurs in roughly one third of the general population. (cdc.gov)
The organism appears to spread contiguously from its colonizing position in the respiratory tract to the infection site. (msdmanuals.com)
These evolutionary mechanisms play a role not only in phylogenetic evolution, but also in the individual host organism in the course of an infection. (sdam-svou-kvartiru.ru)
When present, rare and emerging fungi are often isolated from the respiratory tract during a severely immunosup-pressed state, and diagnosis requires isolation and identification of the infecting organism. (medscape.com)

Diagnostic methods with good sensitivity already exist for VAP: they are the simple clinical criteria, but a biomarker with high specificity it is needed to guide the clinician towards the sources of infection: increasing the specificity of any screening test, the fewer false positive would reduce the cost of antibiotics and invasive diagnostic strategies. (springeropen.com)
We used exact methods (Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests) and multivariable logistic regression to identify sociodemographic and clinical features associated with MDRE intestinal colonization. (biomedcentral.com)
and use molecular diagnostic methods designed to target two pneumococcal DNA sequences should enhance pneumococcal detection in the adult respiratory tract. (ox.ac.uk)
2-5 To date, most studies have reported overall co-infection rates and have not distinguished METHODS between primary and later co-infections. (who.int)

Sporadic examples of infection with multi-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Four of the infected patients died directly or indirectly from infection with multi-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
All infected patients were treated with imipenem, with or without an aminoglycoside, except one patient who died before a diagnosis of acinetobacter infection was confirmed. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evidence predictive factors of the number of infectious respiratory events. (biomedcentral.com)

Although Aspergillus species remain the most common mold to cause invasive infection, other mold infections are becoming more common [ 1-3 ]. (medilib.ir)

Hematogenously acquired infections originate from a distant source and reach the lungs via the bloodstream. (medscape.com)

Microevolution of Neisseria lactamica during nasopharyngeal colonisation induced by controlled human infection. (pacb.com)

Colonization appears to be an ongoing process with an elimination-colonization turnover of various strains. (medscape.com)
Some strains of M catarrhalis have pili or fimbriae, which may facilitate adherence to the respiratory epithelium. (medscape.com)
The virulence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in gnotobiotic piglets was studied by intranasal infection with 11 cultures derived from eight strains isolated from pigs (4), dogs (2), a human subject and a monkey. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In the past she worked from 2006 to 2008 as a postdoctoral fellow (Professor M Lipsitch and Professor R Malley, Harvard School of Public Health/Boston Children's Hospital) where she executed in vitro and animal studies on susceptibility of infants to pneumococcal colonization and infection, with specific emphasis on host-immunity. (ed.ac.uk)
However this study aims at the distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of different Candida species isolated form colonised and infected patients with respiratory tract infections. (ijcmas.com)

Confirmation of the diagnosis of M catarrhalis infection is based on culture. (medscape.com)
While its is clear the importance of a rapid causative diagnosis, it remains unknown why some intubated patients remain infection free while other develop VAP and other tracheobronchitis [ 7 ]. (springeropen.com)

Contaminated environmental sources, COLONIZATION respiratory tract, wounds, and digestive such as sink drains and toilets, have been increasingly tract. (cdc.gov)
This includes specimens from sites reflecting invasive infection (e.g., blood, cerebrospinal fluid) and specimens from non-invasive sites such as wounds, urine, and the respiratory tract, where presence of C. auris may simply represent colonization and not true infection. (cdc.gov)

Ask your health department about the availability of specialized testing through CDC's AR Lab Network to identify carbapenemase-producing CRPA from clinical cultures and to screen for CRPA colonization. (cdc.gov)
Although colonization is more common in children, only a small percentage of positive cultures findings have clinical significance in the pediatric population. (medscape.com)
Immunocompromised persons are at particular risk from these mycoses, and clinical manifestations of infection by these organisms often suggest impaired immune competence. (medscape.com)
A person with a screening case can be later categorized as a clinical case (e.g., patient with positive screening swab who later develops bloodstream infection would be counted in both categories). (cdc.gov)

Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus that causes ear and upper and lower respiratory infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Data are lacking on the risk of lower respiratory tract infections in patients treated with biologic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
This infection represents an intermediate process between colonization of lower respiratory tract and VAP. (springeropen.com)
The ETT provides a conduit for bacterial access to the lower respiratory tract and a substratum for biofilm formation, both of which lead to VAP. (springeropen.com)
Lower respiratory tract infection was the most common co-infection. (who.int)

Vascular bypass surgery is a reported risk factor for colonization. (wikipedia.org)
The risk for infection with MDR organisms appears to depend much more on specific risk factors of the given patient than on contact with various aspects of the healthcare system. (medscape.com)
Improved Zn status may also reduce the risk of bacterial co‑infection by improving mucociliary clearance and barrier function of the respiratory epithelium, as well as direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. (spandidos-publications.com)
Considering the potential waning of the antibody response reported in the literature, the different vaccination schemes that were used in our country over the past decade, and that Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C continues to circulate, the Portuguese population may currently be at increased risk of infection. (bvsalud.org)
Patients were found to have similar risk factors for infections with other Candida spp. (blogspot.com)
While there were no risk factors associated with infant colonization at enrollment, multivariable analysis indicated that risk factors for infant colonization at reassessment included mother colonized at enrollment (aOR = 3.62) or reassessment (aOR = 4.44), delivery by Cesarean section (aOR = 2.91), and low birth weight (aOR = 5.39). (biomedcentral.com)
50 have highest risk of infection. (revolutionpharmd.com)
Decreased gastric acidity associated with increased risk of colonization. (revolutionpharmd.com)

We show that P5 is not required for bacterial biofilm growth, but it is involved in NTHi interplay with respiratory cells and in mouse lung infection. (qub.ac.uk)
We also show that Hap does not contribute to bacterial biofilm growth, and that its absence partially restores the deficiency in lung infection observed for the ΔompP5 mutant. (qub.ac.uk)

The digestive tract includes diverse habitats and hosts the human body's greatest bacterial density. (biomedcentral.com)
The microbiomes of ten digestive tract sites separated into four types based on composition. (biomedcentral.com)
A core set of metabolic pathways was present across these diverse digestive tract habitats. (biomedcentral.com)
This unique dataset permits novel studies of the human digestive tract within a large number of subjects, allows for comparisons of microbial communities between habitats, and enables the definition of distinct metabolic niches within and among individuals. (biomedcentral.com)

colonization occurs before or during birth. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy2

Organisms3

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs5

Information Science1

Geographicals1

Bacterial colonization5

Pneumonia23

Pathogens13

Microbiota6

Bacteria19

Colonize the upper respi2

Prevalence12

Bacteremia4

Streptococcus6

Pseudomonas2

Viral5

Urinary tract inf1

Microbiome influence colonization2

Antibiotic11

Pathobionts of the respiratory2

Epidemiology4

Upper and lower respi1

Severe Acute Respi3

Otitis3

Secretions4

Adults5

Prevent colonization1

Sepsis1

Differences in colonization1

Outbreaks3

Acute4

Pathogen4

Chronic9

Sputum2

Nasal8

Airway1

Multidrug-resistant6

Pathophysiology1

Carriage2

Occur2

Disease16

Fungal infections7

Inhalation1

Aureus5

Diseases3

Organism6

Methods4

Acinetobacter3

Infectious1

Cause invasive1

Lungs1

Nasopharyngeal1

Strains3

Susceptibility2

Diagnosis2

Wounds2

Clinical4

Lower respiratory5

Risk8

Biofilm2

Digestive4

Occurs1