Respiratory mucosal. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is perhaps a strange coincidence that in this issue of Mucosal Immunology a review entitled "Seasonal and pandemic influenza: 100 years of progress, still much to learn" is being published, while at the same time another global pandemic, this time caused by a novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, also known as Covid-19, spreads around the globe. (nature.com)
Bookmark SMI's News & Media to read the latest research on mucosal immunology. (socmucimm.org)
In discussing this hypothesis, we will present herein the current understanding of mucosal immunology, including a discussion about the generation of autoimmune responses at these surfaces. (medscape.com)

Our infection model revealed that B. pertussis can efficiently colonize the mouse nasopharynx, grow and spread within and between respiratory organs, evade robust host immunity, and persist for months. (cdc.gov)
In addition, gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids produced from a high-fiber diet have been shown to protect against allergy via modulation of both local and remote mucosal immunity as well as hematopoietic antigen-presenting cell populations. (nih.gov)
In this review we summarize the available literature on the role of mucosal immunity in the prevention of B. pertussis infection. (frontiersin.org)
As of today, only one vaccine designed to induce potent mucosal immunity is in clinical development. (frontiersin.org)
Due to its ability to induce mucosal immunity it is expected that this approach will contribute to improved control of pertussis. (frontiersin.org)
In addition to activating systemic immunity (neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses) AdCOVID stimulates a type of localized immunity called mucosal immunity, which can act to prevent both SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and transmission. (yahoo.com)

However, human infections usually begin with colonization and growth in the upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
Nasopharyngeal colonization resulted in robust growth in the upper respiratory tract but elicited little immune response, enabling prolonged and persistent infection. (cdc.gov)
In pertussis models that emerged from this approach, large numbers of pathogen are introduced deep in the respiratory tract of animals, resembling extreme human infections in their severity and virulence but with more lung involvement than is generally clinically observed. (cdc.gov)
As valuable as conventional high-dose models have been, the bolus introduction of many bacteria deep into the lungs bypasses many key steps in the highly infectious catarrhal stage of pertussis, the prolonged period of early infection involving milder nonspecific upper respiratory tract symptoms. (cdc.gov)
The main causative agent of whooping cough is Bordetella pertussis ( 2 ), a gram negative coccobacillus which is able to colonize the human upper respiratory tract by attaching to the ciliated cells. (frontiersin.org)
Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) represents the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting. (medscape.com)
Details of the patient's history aid in differentiating a common cold from conditions that require targeted therapy, such as group A streptococcal pharyngitis , bacterial sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections. (medscape.com)
Being 'first-to-market' with an aerodigestive tract tissue engineered mucosal replacement will provide significant commercial gains for UK plc. (ukri.org)
Every year, millions of people die of infectious diseases worldwide, most of which are caused by pathogens invading the host via mucosal surfaces, including the respiratory tract. (bmj.com)
Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Neisseria meningitidis colonise the mucosa of the human upper respiratory tract along with other opportunistic pathogens and commensal bacteria. (bmj.com)
In this regard, it shares common ground with atopic disorders such as asthma, where the immune system of the respiratory tract overreacts to foreign bodies that would otherwise not register on its radar. (healthy.net)
Cigarette smoke exposure attenuates the induction of antigen-specific IgA in the murine upper respiratory tract. (nih.gov)
Measles, mumps, and rubella all replicate in the mucosa, the lining of our respiratory tract, but then they enter the bloodstream, and those infectious virions (particles) come in contact with many different components of our immune response. (acsh.org)
COVID-19 begins infecting us in our upper respiratory tract where local mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) secretes IgA, the prime immune combatant when an infectious invader is detected. (acsh.org)
A mucilaginous herb, marshmallow contains polysaccharides that coat the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract. (buywell.com)
The physical barrier can be mechanical, chemical, or biological and located at different sites in the body including skin, secretions within the respiratory tract, and in the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract as flora. (medscape.com)

A nasal mucosal biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue from the lining of the nose so that it can be checked for disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Nasal mucosal biopsy is most often done when abnormal tissue is seen during examination of the nose. (medlineplus.gov)
Nasal irrigation or nebulizing aerosol of isotonic or hypertonic saline is a traditional method for respiratory or nasal care. (springer.com)
Clinically, nasal or respiratory airway care with saline reduces symptoms of seasonal coronaviruses and other common cold viruses. (springer.com)
Saline interacts at various levels relevant to nasal or respiratory hygiene (nasal irrigation, gargling or aerosol). (springer.com)
Identifying an underlying respiratory, nasal or upper gastrointestinal disease triggering cough is the first step in assessment, but once this has been ruled out or adequately treated, many. (researchgate.net)
Nasal and respiratory aerosols and droplets have been shown to be a main source of COVID-19 transmission. (prnewswire.com)

Jan. 11, 2023 Vaccines that provide long-lasting protection against influenza, coronaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have proved exceptionally difficult to develop. (sciencedaily.com)
Clinical data indicate that severe COVID-19 most commonly manifests as viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinical entity mechanistically understood best in the context of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia. (ersjournals.com)
Our review explores influenza A virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a paradigm for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced ARDS pathogenesis and ageing as a risk factor for severe disease. (ersjournals.com)
We argue that the impaired interferon-I and -III response of severe COVID-19 is reminiscent of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and influenza pathobiology, suggesting conserved virulence mechanisms among these viruses. (ersjournals.com)
Live attenuated mucosal influenza vaccine has been licensed in the USA, but it will probably be some time before others go into general use. (bmj.com)
In preclinical studies, AdCOVID produced a 29-fold increase in mucosal IgA, well above the level associated with protection observed in several clinical studies from influenza, another respiratory virus. (yahoo.com)
COVID-19 displaced influenza as the "deadliest vaccine-preventable viral respiratory disease. (acsh.org)

Replacement and regeneration of skin and cornea are major early targets for regenerative medicine, with several clinically applied products, including Holoclar, the first cellularised, engineered product licensed by EMA.1-6 However, the regeneration of internal mucosal surfaces has received little attention, despite important unmet clinical needs, such as mucosal loss after trauma, inflammation and cancer. (ukri.org)
This may be the skin or the internal mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastro-intestinal, and urogenital tracts. (nih.gov)

A recent small study in outpatients with COVID-19 without acute respiratory distress syndrome suggests substantial symptom resolution. (springer.com)
This has all arisen because of a rapidly spreading virus causing major morbidity and mortality, primarily due to severe pneumonia and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (nature.com)
Histoplasmosis can uncommonly manifest as acute respiratory distress syndrome in profoundly immunosuppressed patients, a presentation that could be confused with SARS in COVID-19. (cap.org)
Inhalation of ammonia may cause nasopharyngeal and tracheal burns, bronchiolar and alveolar edema, and airway destruction resulting in respiratory distress or failure. (cdc.gov)
A case report involved a 4-week-old infant who accidentally received a discharge of pepper spray (OC), which immediately led to respiratory distress, followed by apnea. (medscape.com)
Loss of cell and tissue function results in further inability to repair damage, leading to increased tendency to bruising, excessive inflammation, spasm, joint stiffness, digestive abnormalities and respiratory distress. (life-enthusiast.com)
Thirty month old male with progressive respiratory distress. (virtualpediatrichospital.org)
This is a two and a half year old male admitted to the hospital with a two day history of cough, rhinorrhea, and increasing respiratory distress. (virtualpediatrichospital.org)
The common reasons for prolonged hospitalization were mandatory isolation 28% (n = 62), hospital-acquired infections 17% (n = 37), acute respiratory distress syndrome 15% (n = 32), myopathy/neuropathy 14% (n = 31), pulmonary fibrosis requiring oxygen supplementation 14% (n = 31), and completion of COVID-19 treatment 12% (n = 25). (who.int)
Pulmonary fibrosis is a well-known consequence of acute respiratory distress syndrome and affects the life of survivors (5). (who.int)
Patients with underlying conditions (e.g., asthma or emphysema) may develop more severe symptoms, such as respiratory distress or an allergic respiratory response. (firechief.com)
That being said, more severe burns and respiratory distress are possible. (firechief.com)

Human skin and mucosal surfaces are associated with rich and complex ecosystems (microbiota) composed of bacteria (bacteriobiota), fungi (mycobiota), viruses (virobiota), phages, archaea, protists, and helminths ( Cho and Blaser, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
Patients/Healthcare: Presently, reconstruction of airway mucosal surfaces relies on primary healing, with associated scar, or use of split skin grafts. (ukri.org)
Implanted mucosal surfaces are accessible for brushing/biopsy providing valuable information on cell morphology and mucosal integrity in vivo. (ukri.org)
The Halodine ® family of antiseptics are based on a polymer-enriched povidone-iodine which is non-toxic to mucosal surfaces. (prnewswire.com)
Mucosal surfaces are usually involved. (medscape.com)
In this review we will discuss this hypothesis by first succinctly describing the structure, development and function of mucosal surfaces. (medscape.com)
The mucosal surfaces contain regional lymph structures (MALT or regional lymph nodes) and in certain conditions ectopic lymphoid tissue. (medscape.com)

The transmission of these bacteria primarily between asymptomatic carriers is through droplet spread or contact with respiratory secretions. (bmj.com)
Mucosal edema and thin white secretions were seen throughout the airway. (virtualpediatrichospital.org)

COVID-19 and company, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), stay local and replicate quickly, evading adaptive immunity's full force and not being exposed to a broader range of immune sensors. (acsh.org)

Upper airway mucosal necrosis and pulmonary edema have been reported. (medscape.com)
Mucograft- biomaterial sponge for small scale gingival repair), but no products offer cellularised, bespoke replacement for any size of airway mucosal defect. (ukri.org)
This project is designed to answer the critical 'unknown unknowns' prior to the finalisation of an optimised tissue-engineered airway mucosal replacement for patients with severe airway stenosis and/or malacia. (ukri.org)

We will also propose a research agenda to improve our understanding of the role of mucosal inflammation in the development of RA. (medscape.com)
Finally, we propose a research agenda for greater understanding of the role of mucosal immune responses in the initiation of autoimmunity and RA. (medscape.com)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced lung injury and develop effective therapeutics. (ersjournals.com)
The spread of a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, or SARS-CoV-2) has challenged the capacity of healthcare systems and the public health policies of governments worldwide [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The ability to detect antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently under investigation with various performance characteristics and indications for use. (researchgate.net)

Airborne wood dust exposures have been associated with mucosal irritation, bronchitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, impairment of respiratory function, and asthma. (cdc.gov)

With rare exceptions B. pertussis infections are restricted to the airways and do not usually disseminate beyond the respiratory epithelium. (frontiersin.org)
Fungal diseases, including histoplasmosis, continue to produce new respiratory infections during outbreaks or pandemics of other respiratory infections (eg, COVID-19). (cap.org)
Providers need to consider fungal respiratory infections in appropriate settings, particularly when COVID-19 testing is negative. (cap.org)
Several new mucosal vaccines against respiratory infections are under development. (bmj.com)

We are investigating the manufacture of an airway lining which is constructed from the patient's own oral mucosal cells. (ukri.org)

Recent studies show that parenterally administered capsular polysaccharide (PS) based vaccines can induce mucosal immune responses. (bmj.com)

Results observed by clinicians over the last 10 years warrant further research for the treatment of chronic skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal and autoimmune conditions. (life-enthusiast.com)
Indeed, the link between these two disorders of the mucosal linings of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts is often overlooked. (healthy.net)
Mucous membrane involvement can result in gastrointestinal hemorrhage, respiratory failure, ocular abnormalities, and genitourinary complications. (medscape.com)

Yet, compared to systemic responses, mucosal immune responses have attracted relatively little attention in the context of pertussis vaccine development. (frontiersin.org)
We will also examine how other factors such as genes, microbes and other environmental toxins (including tobacco smoke) could influence the triggering of autoimmunity at mucosal sites and eventually systemic organ disease. (medscape.com)
In particular we will examine the role of microbes in shaping mucosal and systemic immune responses. (medscape.com)
Mucosal sites might be targeted by systemic autoimmunity resulting in local immune-mediated injury. (medscape.com)

Pertussis or whooping cough, mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis , is a severe respiratory disease that can affect all age groups but is most severe and can be life-threatening in young children. (frontiersin.org)
Whooping cough, also referred to as pertussis, is a severe respiratory disease that can be life threatening in newborns and non-vaccinated young children. (frontiersin.org)
Similarly, respiratory effects can occur immediately (eg, cough) or develop after about 3 weeks (eg, laryngeal obstruction). (medscape.com)

Evidence has begun to accumulate that these new polysaccharide based conjugate vaccines can also reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and can induce immune responses at the local mucosal level, which may be responsible for these effects. (bmj.com)
This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
For many of us, our understanding of respiratory virus vaccines involves measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) - where vaccination is "one and done. (acsh.org)
Taking all of these factors into account, it is not surprising that none of the predominantly mucosal respiratory viruses have ever been effectively controlled by vaccines. (acsh.org)

Therefore, protection at the level of the respiratory mucosa may be helpful for an improved control of pertussis. (frontiersin.org)

Tear gas and pepper spray cause skin, eye, respiratory and mucosal irritation. (firechief.com)

We therefore analyzed pharmacological/pharmacodynamic effects of isotonic or hypertonic saline, relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory care. (springer.com)
Provision of a replacement mucosal epithelial replacement for airway surgery would improve breathing post-operatively, reduce local infection (thus inflammation, granulation tissue), and reduce the incidence of stenosis and revision surgery. (ukri.org)
Although the novel SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, there is much evidence that infection can involve multiple organ systems with various manifestations. (who.int)
Immunotolerance is more a feature of the upper respiratory tracts where COVID-19 is at work, then deeper in the respiratory tree (think lungs) where immunologic warfare to control infection is necessary. (acsh.org)

However, in one study, the majority of subjects who were directly sprayed with CS in the face still had respiratory and oral symptoms after 1 hour. (medscape.com)
Participants were asked about upper and lower respiratory symptoms, skin and eye symptoms, personal health history, work history, work activities, and tobacco use. (cdc.gov)
results indicated that lower respiratory symptoms increased among former smokers from the hot end. (cdc.gov)

Changes in mucosal bacteria, and a switch from internal to surface antigen/antibody reactivity of a predominantly IgG1 type, leads to greater opsonisation of the respiratory burst in PMN, providing a mechanism for maintaining the inflammatory state in UC. (bmj.com)
His current main research interest is the mucosal immune response to respiratory bacteria including pneumococcus and meningococcus. (meningitis.org)

It provides English ivy, which has been demonstrated in clinical trials to help relieve coughs, promotes expectoration and improves respiratory function in patients with chronic bronchitis. (buywell.com)

Such exposures can damage the respiratory tree. (medscape.com)
The types of exposures included: needlestick injuries (29), cuts with sharp objects (five), mucosal exposures (five), and contamination of open skin lesions (five). (cdc.gov)

its expression was compared with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in bronchial mucosal biopsies from 13 normal subjects, 24 asthmatics, and 19 patients with chronic bronchitis. (atsjournals.org)

The patient's respiratory status improved immediately. (virtualpediatrichospital.org)

While the vast majority of studies focused on the bacterial component of the microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions, recent works have highlighted the contribution of fungal and viral kingdoms at both digestive and respiratory levels. (frontiersin.org)
The respiratory and digestive tracts are the wide-open gateway for pathogens to infect us. (acsh.org)

Mucosal alteration of self-proteins (e.g. citrullination by pathogen-mediated inflammation or carbamylation through microbial-related respiratory burst. (medscape.com)
High-quality longitudinal natural history studies of rheumatic disease that can be used to evaluate the temporal relationship between mucosal inflammation, exposure to environmental risk factors (including the microbiome) and genetics on the development of autoimmunity. (medscape.com)
Robust analytical methods to evaluate the relationship between the microbiome and mucosal inflammation and autoimmunity. (medscape.com)

These immune responses may be important both in the prevention of invasive diseases and in the reduction of upper respiratory carriage of pathogens. (bmj.com)

Saline provides moisture to respiratory epithelia and gels mucus, promotes ciliary beating, and improves mucociliary clearance. (springer.com)

It may also be done when the health care provider suspects you have a problem affecting the mucosal tissue of the nose or for diagnosis of certain diseases like primary ciliary dyskinesia or granulomatosis with polyangiitis. (medlineplus.gov)

Methods to reliably obtain high-quality biospecimens that can be tested for a variety of factors, including metabolic, immune and microbiome, need to be established for each mucosal region. (medscape.com)

GLA can shape immune responses and interfere with the course of respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Viruses are also known to be key players in numerous respiratory diseases and to interact with the human immune system, but technical issues still limit the amount of data regarding virobiota ( Mitchell and Glanville, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
While GLA mycobiota also influences chronic gut diseases such as IBD, we will not address this key role in the present review: we aimed at analyzing how lung and gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota influence each other, how they interact with the human immune system, and their role in respiratory diseases. (frontiersin.org)

This suggests that RA pathogenesis might originate in an extra-articular location, which we hypothesize is a mucosal site. (medscape.com)

Robust, safe and feasible methods to assess mucosal biology in human subjects. (medscape.com)

and that environmental contaminants such as tobacco smoke may increase the risk of respiratory illness. (bmj.com)
During these surveys, samples were collected for respirable dust and respirable crystalline silica, adipic acid, and SO2 Medical records were reviewed from 10 workers who complained of work-related respiratory illness. (cdc.gov)

Antibodies from UC patients greatly enhanced the respiratory burst in PMN, in response to individual bacterial species. (bmj.com)

Dr. Fauci, speaking on vaccinations: "Past unsuccessful attempts to elicit solid protection against mucosal respiratory viruses [COVID-19] and to control the deadly outbreaks and pandemics they cause," he said, "have been a scientiﬁc and public health failure that must be urgently addressed. (acsh.org)

There were no signs of mucosal involvement or sepsis and laboratory findings were normal. (scielo.org.za)

However, there are a number of significant features peculiar to the donkey that practitioners should be aware of when attempting to investigate and treat respiratory disease. (ivis.org)

If this product provides an epithelial cell layer within in the animal model, it provides a potential replacement to the present use of split-thickness skin grafts in mucosal reconstruction. (ukri.org)

Antibody enhancement of the respiratory burst in PMN was also investigated, against a range of mucosal isolates. (bmj.com)

We will also outline how microbes, as well as other factors such as smoking, can trigger immune responses at mucosal sites and eventually lead to RA. (medscape.com)

In July 1997, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a health hazard evaluation and technical assistance (HHE) from the United Steel Workers of America (USWA) to investigate possible respiratory problems at AFG Industries in Bridgeport, West Virginia. (cdc.gov)

The respiratory system of the donkey is in most respects similar to that of any small horse. (ivis.org)

Anatomy1

Diseases6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Immunology3

Immunity6

Tract16

Nasal7

Influenza7

Internal mucosal surfaces2

Distress12

Surfaces7

Secretions2

Syncytial virus1

Airway mucosal3

Role of mucosal2

Acute3

Hypersensitivity1

Infections4

Oral mucosal1

Induce mucosal1

Gastrointestinal3

Systemic4

Cough3

Vaccines4

Mucosa1

Irritation1

Infection4

Symptoms3

Bacteria2

Clinical1

Exposures2

Chronic Bronchitis1

Patient's1

Digestive2

Inflammation3

Upper respiratory1

Mucus1

Tissue1

Microbiome1

Diseases4

Pathogenesis1

Robust1

Illness2

Bacterial1

Outbreaks1

Findings1

Disease1

Skin1

Burst1

Responses1

Investigate1

System1