• No significant differences in the allelic or genotypic distribution between schizophrenics and controls were observed. (nature.com)
  • Genotypic and allelic frequencies of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), in the transient receptor potential protein 1 (TRPC1) gene, were determined in Senepol (n =60), Charolais (n = 62), Angus (n = 39), Charbray (n = 43), Brahman (n = 19), Zebu (n=17) and crossbred bulls (n = 132). (usda.gov)
  • Allelic frequencies were 0.89 and 0.11 for C and G respectively. (usda.gov)
  • Objective: The genotype and allelic frequencies for OPN and its association with milk production will be evaluated in Iranian Holstein Bulls. (ijbiotech.com)
  • Conclusions: We conclude that MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism has no role in predisposition to the migraine in our population and cannot serve as a predictive factor for the risk of migraine. (scirp.org)
  • The present study was undertaken to detect the association of LDL-R gene Ava ║ polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genotyping of the LDL-R gene Ava ║ polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The association of LDL-R gene Ava ║ polymorphism and serum lipid levels is different between the Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discrepancy might partly result from different LDL-R gene Ava ║ polymorphism or LDL-R gene-enviromental interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Positive Selection of an Indel Polymorphism in the FADS Gene Cluster May be Driving Long-Chain PUFA Biosynthetic Capacity in Specific Human Populations. (fatsoflife.com)
  • This study reports a 22-bp nucleotide insertion-deletion (indel) genetic polymorphism that may be causally related to the control of gene expression of the fatty acid desaturases, enzymes that control the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from 18-carbon PUFA. (fatsoflife.com)
  • The polymorphism was present as an insertion in cells derived from a group of Japanese individuals, but was completely absent (a deletion) in others, albeit with a lower frequency (hence called the minor allele). (fatsoflife.com)
  • C gene polymorphism confers an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis and CV events in patients with RA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional relevance of yet another GSTO2 polymorphism, identified at the 5' untranslated (5'UTR) gene region (GSTO2*A183G, rs2297235), has not been clearly discerned so far. (cancerindex.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the polymorphism of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 ( MAP3K5 ) gene and determine whether it was associated with the body size traits (body height, body length, chest circumference, and cannon circumference) in Hu sheep. (copernicus.org)
  • Based on linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based association mapping used to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with MGR against C. ribicola , MGR in these seed families appears to be controlled by Cr4 or other R genes in very close proximity to Cr4 . (frontiersin.org)
  • The present study was carried out with the objective to determine the polymorphism of CYP19 (promoter) and ER1 genes and their possible association with cystic ovarian disease in HF crossbred cows. (ijlr.org)
  • The polymorphism in CYP19 and ER1 gene was detected using PCR-RFLP using PvuII and BglI restriction enzymes, respectively. (ijlr.org)
  • 2014) explored genetic polymorphism of exon 2 of CYP19 gene and its association with ovarian activity in Egyptian buffaloes using PCR-SSCP and sequencing analysis. (ijlr.org)
  • The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the genetic polymorphism in promoter region of CYP19 gene by RFLP analysis and to elucidate the relationship between polymorphism in CYP19 gene and COD in HF crossbred cattle. (ijlr.org)
  • In Cooperative Dairy DNA repository a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reported in intron 4 (C/T) and has shown that allele C OPN gene is associated with milk production traits in dairy cattle (10). (ijbiotech.com)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphism rs20173618 is located in the exon 1 of the OPG gene. (jcpsp.pk)
  • Additional data: phenotypic and genotypic data for the QTL detection in the doubled haploid progeny. (datadryad.org)
  • and determined concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance. (who.int)
  • Concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was 93.27% overall for six antibiotics in three classes, but varied among aminoglycosides. (who.int)
  • Methods: This case-control study conducted in Srinagar, Kashmir (North India) between 2013 and 2015 was designed to evaluate risk induced due to MTH-FR 677C>T gene polymorphisms to contribute in susceptibility for migraine in Kashmir population (North India). (scirp.org)
  • All of the genotypes analyzed were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but different degrees of linkage were observed for polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 and EPHX1 genes. (scielo.br)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate association profiles of lysyl oxidase-like 1 ( LOXL1 ) gene polymorphisms with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) in a Korean population. (molvis.org)
  • Several common genetic polymorphisms in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene have associated with modifications of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, but the results are not consistent in different populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in lipid metabolism are potentially important genetic markers in affecting normal variation in the plasma or serum lipid profiles and thus determining susceptibility or resistance to CHD in the general population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over many generations, the selection of beneficial traits associated with particular polymorphisms can lead to gradual changes in the frequency of specific genetic polymorphisms in a genetically-isolated population. (fatsoflife.com)
  • Studies on polymorphisms found in one cluster of closely-located genes coding for fatty acid desaturases (FADS), enzymes that play an important role in the biosynthesis of both omega-6 and omega-3 LCPUFA, are providing an interesting perspective on the interaction between traditional diets and the population genetic history of humans. (fatsoflife.com)
  • None of these small polymorphisms can be clearly assigned to changes in the amino acid sequence of the FADS enzymes, and are believed to mostly influence the regulation of gene expression. (fatsoflife.com)
  • The objective of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRL, VIP, and VIPR1 genes concerned with the egg production traits in the Lien Minh chicken. (cipav.org.co)
  • C gene polymorphisms to the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also assessed whether these two MTHFR gene polymorphisms may be implicated in the development of cardiovascular (CV) events and subclinical atherosclerosis manifested by the presence of endothelial dysfunction, in a series of Spanish patients with RA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the MTHFR gene polymorphisms between RA patients and controls were found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concomitance of Polymorphisms in Glutathione Transferase Omega Genes Is Associated with Risk of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • The aim of the present research was to identify polymorphisms in the coding sequence and UTRs in the equine SLC16A1 gene and to evaluate their potential association with race performance traits in Arabian horses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was no significant association between the genotype frequencies of the three SNPs and the XFS phenotypes. (molvis.org)
  • Thus, the present study was designed to confirm the association of three SNPs in the LOXL1 gene with XFS in a Korean population and to compare results to previous studies of other ethnic groups. (molvis.org)
  • Several SNPs located in the FADS gene cluster are now known to be related to changes in risk for complex and chronic diseases. (fatsoflife.com)
  • These associated SNPs were located in genes involved in multiple molecular mechanisms potentially underlying limber pine MGR to C. ribicola , including NBS-LRR genes for recognition of C. ribicola effectors, signaling components, and a large set of defense-responsive genes with potential functions in plant effector-triggered immunity (ETI). (frontiersin.org)
  • Genotype frequencies of each SNP were compared according to the XFS phenotypes. (molvis.org)
  • Uyghurs (25.4%, 33/130) displayed higher frequencies of Bx genotypes with C4Tx (absence of KIR3DS1 - 2DL5 - 2DS5 - 2DS1 ) than both Kazakhs (11.2%, 14/125) and Tibetans (3.6%, 8/224). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The different distribution of genotypes depending on race distance indicated the possibility of using a SNP in the SLC16A1 gene as a marker to predict the best race distance for a horse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCR-RFLP detected three genotypes, AA (84%), AB (14%), and BB (2%) in HF crossbred cows for CYP9 gene and two genotypes GG and AG for ER1gene. (ijlr.org)
  • Among the descriptive data, the allele frequency of the C282Y variant (0.252) stands out, which differs from the national scenario. (scielo.br)
  • Conclusions: This study suggested that the C allele frequency of OPN was noticeable in Iranian proven bull Holstein population, but was not associated with milk production traits. (ijbiotech.com)
  • Gene copy-number variation (CNVs), which provides the raw material for the evolution of novel genes, is widespread in natural populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The frequencies of CNVs in these populations were analyzed by oligonucleotide array comparative genome hybridization, quantitative PCR, PCR, DNA sequencing across breakpoints, and single-worm PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple duplications and deletions rose to intermediate or high frequencies in independent populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several lines of evidence suggest that these changes were adaptive: (i) copy-number changes reached high frequency or were fixed in a short time, (ii) many independent populations harbored CNVs spanning the same genes, and (iii) larger average size of CNVs in adapting populations relative to spontaneous CNVs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to the high rates of origin of spontaneous duplications and deletions, copy-number changes containing the same genes arose readily in independent populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Duplications that reached high frequencies in these adapting populations were significantly larger in span. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, natural selection for increased gene expression may represent an important mechanism by which duplicate gene copies are maintained in populations [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we seek to determine if gene copy-number changes are a common class of genetic change during adaptation and what role, if any, natural selection plays in the maintenance and frequency increase of copy-number variants (CNVs henceforth) in experimental populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The population frequency of the indel (rs66698963) is remarkably different among human populations with the insertion being far more frequent in South Asians, Africans and some East Asian populations, and far less common in European and other East Asian populations. (fatsoflife.com)
  • The effects on omega-3 LCPUFA homeostasis remain to be reported, but further exploration of indel frequency in populations may significantly augment our understanding of the link between diet and PUFA status in health and disease. (fatsoflife.com)
  • We analyzed the distribution of KIR genes in the Tibetan ethnic minority of Lhasa city, the Uyghur and Kazakh ethnic minorities of Urumqi city populations in China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The evolutionary fate of mutator mutations - genetic variants that raise the genome-wide mutation rate - in asexual populations is often described as being frequency (or number) dependent. (elifesciences.org)
  • This frequency-dependent interpretation of mutator success has been primarily motivated by mutator dynamics observed in experimental studies of laboratory microbial populations. (elifesciences.org)
  • The study revealed no association between CYP19/PvuII genotype and cystic ovarian disease in HF crossbred populations but 'AG' genotype of ER1 gene is associated with higher incidence of COD. (ijlr.org)
  • 2007b) investigated the association of OPN and PPARGC1A genes with milk production traits in the Holstein cattle populations. (ijbiotech.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • This model was developed using data collected from molecular epidemiology studies of allergic asthma that examined variants in 16 susceptibility genes. (cdc.gov)
  • The rates of spontaneous gene duplication and deletion are extraordinarily high and speak to the enormous potential of these structural variants for generating new adaptive variability [ 5 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most studied variants are linked to the HFE gene. (scielo.br)
  • In light of this, a multiplicative gene-gene interaction model was developed to allow for estimating the combinatorial contribution of multiple genetic variants to disease risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (cancerindex.org)
  • Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of specific GSTO1 and GSTO2 gene variants, independently and in interaction with established risk factors (smoking, obesity and hypertension) on the risk for the most aggressive RCC subtype, the clear cell RCC (ccRCC). (cancerindex.org)
  • The combination of major resistance genes with quantitative resistance factors is hypothesized as a promising breeding strategy to preserve the durability of resistant cultivar, as recently observed in different pathosystems. (datadryad.org)
  • Using the pepper (Capsicum annuum)/Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus) pathosystem, we aimed at identifying plant genetic factors directly affecting the frequency of virus adaptation to the major resistance gene pvr23 and at comparing them with genetic factors affecting quantitative resistance. (datadryad.org)
  • The resistance breakdown frequency was a highly heritable trait (h²=0.87). (datadryad.org)
  • Three of the four QTLs controlling pvr23 breakdown frequency were also involved in quantitative resistance, strongly suggesting that QTLs controlling quantitative resistance have a pleiotropic effect on the durability of the major resistance gene. (datadryad.org)
  • Resistance Breakdown (RB): The values indicated correspond to the average of the RB frequencies of two independent tests.For each test and each pepper line, the RB frequency was assessed by the ratio of the number of systemically infected plants over the total number of inoculated plants (30 plants per test). (datadryad.org)
  • The segregation ratios of these families were consistent with expression of major gene resistance (MGR) controlled by a dominant R locus. (frontiersin.org)
  • This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
  • In addition, long-read sequencing of one representative XDR ST235 isolate identified an integron carrying multiple resistance genes (including bla VIM-2), with differences in gene composition and synteny from the P. aeruginosa class 1 integrons described previously. (who.int)
  • The population of offspring have an equal probability of inheriting all possible genotypic combinations. (scribbr.com)
  • Consequently, conservation of farm animal breeds had been for several reasons, for example, to retain potentially useful genes and gene combinations such as the Booroola fecundity gene in sheep [10], the exploitation of heterosis, and to overcome selection plateaus, in addition to cultural motivations, research, and food security. (scirp.org)
  • Four loci including additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and epistatic interactions explained together 70% of the variance of pvr23 breakdown frequency. (datadryad.org)
  • Up to now, 16 KIR gene loci have been identified, including two pseudogenes (KIR 2DP1 and 3DP1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genotyping of 16 KIR genes was tested in 479 randomly selected individuals using the multiple PCR-SSP method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans, SLC16A1 has been established as one of the most important genes related to exercise predisposition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chicken prolactin ( PRL5 ), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ( VIP ), and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor 1 ( VIPR1 ) are physiological candidate genes, which might be associated with broodiness and egg production traits. (cipav.org.co)
  • 1997). Due to the numerous functions that estrogens play in the animals, estrogen receptors and their genes are considered candidates for the markers of production and functional traits in farm animals, including cattle. (ijlr.org)
  • Targeted gene identification, controlling economically important traits seems a way forward for future breeding programs. (ijbiotech.com)
  • In 2012, a much larger, 22-base pair long stretch of nucleotides was identified within a part of the FADS-2 gene that is not translated to protein (an intron). (fatsoflife.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is an omega class glutathione S-transferase (GST). (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • The key factor determining transmembrane lactate transport is the monocarboxylate transporter 1 protein coded for by the SLC16A1 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 8 OPG protein is secreted under the control of OPG gene. (jcpsp.pk)
  • A mutation that occurs in the promoter region can affect the expression of the PRL gene, so it may affect egg production. (cipav.org.co)
  • Promoter region of CYP19 and 5' Region of ER1 gene was amplified by PCR using published primers. (ijlr.org)
  • They indicated that the Tn motif in OPN-3907, bears an osteopontin regulator element at further up to the gene promoter. (ijbiotech.com)
  • What's the difference between relative frequency and probability? (scribbr.com)
  • Probability is the relative frequency over an infinite number of trials. (scribbr.com)
  • Since doing something an infinite number of times is impossible, relative frequency is often used as an estimate of probability. (scribbr.com)
  • If you flip a coin 1000 times and get 507 heads, the relative frequency, .507, is a good estimate of the probability. (scribbr.com)
  • Here, we use stochastic, agent-based simulations to show that neither the strength nor the sign of selection on mutators depend on their initial frequency, and while the overall probability of hitchhiking increases predictably with frequency, the per-capita probability of fixation remains unchanged. (elifesciences.org)
  • The genotypic assessment using the models showed no significant association. (jcpsp.pk)
  • Since the LDL-R gene plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis [ 28 ], it is also possible that genetic variations in this gene may exist that have only a small effect on the function of the receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene belongs to a member of TNF receptor super-family (TNFRSF11B). (jcpsp.pk)
  • This genetic variant, termed an indel (insertion/deletion mutation), was found to influence the regulation of the expression levels of both FADS-1 and FADS-2 in a cellular system, with the minor allele in Japanese people being associated with lower expression of the FADS-1 and FADS-2 genes. (fatsoflife.com)
  • To identify and determine the association of SNP (rs2073618) of OPG gene in diabetics with and without retinopathy and in healthy controls. (jcpsp.pk)
  • When genes are linked, the allele inherited for one gene affects the allele inherited for another gene. (scribbr.com)
  • The presented results provide a basis for further research to validate the use of the SLC16A1 gene as a potential marker associated with racing performance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, we did find a significant difference in genotypic distribution between schizophrenics with and those without TD (p = .03). (nature.com)
  • SNP rs2073618 of OPG gene was identified in all study groups without any significant distribution or association with the development of diabetic retinopathy. (jcpsp.pk)
  • Per copy frequency of T allele (Val) was found to be 0.14 in cases versus 0.19 in controls (p (scirp.org)
  • 1 Eight Asian countries reported frequencies found that 37% of the carbapenem prescriptions were of isolation of Pseudomonas spp. (who.int)
  • The population frequency of the allele corresponding to the rs66698963 insertion (allele named I) or deletion (allele named D) was determined from genomic DNA extracted from human samples (blood, breast milk, and placenta) obtained from several participating institutions in the US and Canada (n=211, nearly all from Kansas City), as well as from a group of Asian Indians (n=76). (fatsoflife.com)
  • Based on the product of single gene variant odds ratios, the risk of developing asthma was assigned to genotype profiles, and the frequency of each profile was estimated for the general population. (cdc.gov)
  • Le risque peut être considérable en raison de leurs courtes périodes de virémie asymptomatique dans la population dont l'incidence est variable et parfois extrêmement élevée. (bvsalud.org)
  • All under-five children with suspected meningitis over the 10-years period were included and descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviations were used for the characteristics of under-five Children with Suspected Bacterial Meningitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We have previously established that the spontaneous, genome-wide rate of gene duplication in C. elegans is two orders of magnitude higher than the point mutation rate [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CMV gB gene may be related to the pathogenicity of CMV virus strain in patients with PSS. (bmj.com)
  • Nous avons exa- miné les dossiers de 56 patients ayant eu un diagnostic de fièvre méditerranéenne familiale et suivis au Centre médical Roi Hussein en Jordanie sur une période de 4 ans afin d'étudier leur profil clinique, l'évolution de la maladie, le génotype, le traitement et les complications. (who.int)
  • En ce qui concerne le traitement, 97% des patients répondaient bien à la colchicine et une amyloïdose n'a été documentée chez aucun des patients après un suivi de 5 ans. (who.int)
  • Quantitative variables can also be described by a frequency distribution, but first they need to be grouped into interval classes . (scribbr.com)
  • One common application is to check if two genes are linked (i.e., if the assortment is independent). (scribbr.com)
  • Here, we use stochastic, agent-based computer simulations to demonstrate that on the contrary, indirect selection on mutators is independent of frequency. (elifesciences.org)
  • 2011) . Oestrogen biosynthesis is catalysed by the enzyme cytochrome P450 aromatase, which is encoded by CYP19 gene. (ijlr.org)
  • What types of data can be described by a frequency distribution? (scribbr.com)
  • For each DH line, genotypic data are indicated in the following way : 2 corresponds to the Perennial allele, 1 corresponds to the YoloWonder allele. (datadryad.org)
  • Categorical variables can be described by a frequency distribution. (scribbr.com)
  • How can I tell if a frequency distribution appears to have a normal distribution? (scribbr.com)
  • A histogram is an effective way to tell if a frequency distribution appears to have a normal distribution . (scribbr.com)
  • We show that gene copy-number changes are a common class of adaptive genetic change. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene and genome duplications are the primary source of new genes and have played a pivotal role in the evolution of genomic and organismal complexity [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is ample evidence for the preservation of multiple gene copies due to selection for increased gene dosage in diverse organisms [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • Ohno [ 1 ] theorized that newly duplicated genes were freed from the constraints of natural selection, implicating a dominant role of genetic drift in their early evolutionary dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • which recapitulate experimental observations of the critical frequency threshold for hitchhiking reproduced in Figure 1A . (elifesciences.org)