• Furthermore, the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has decreased the effectiveness and life of antibiotics, which, so far, have helped combat infectious diseases and enable complex surgical endeavors, such as organ transplantation. (news-medical.net)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance worldwide because of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi- and extensively drug resistant (multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), respectively) clinical isolates. (frontiersin.org)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, in 2018, tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , was one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As fresh untreated poultry excreta are widely used as manure, there could be a potential risk of passing antimicrobial resistance from these birds to humans. (who.int)
  • operational research on o Build multi-sectoral partnership among One Health stakeholders antimicrobial resistance under for regular monitoring of AMR status. (who.int)
  • Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem that has deleterious long-term effects as the development of drug resistance outpaces the development of new drugs. (jabfm.org)
  • Poverty has been cited by the World Health Organization as a major force driving the development of antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • Within the United States, poverty-driven practices such as medication-sharing, use of "leftover" antibiotics, and the purchase and use of foreign-made drugs of questionable quality are likely contributing to antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • However, there is currently a dearth of studies in the United States analyzing the socioeconomic and behavioral factors behind antimicrobial resistance in United States communities. (jabfm.org)
  • Further studies of these factors, with an emphasis on poverty-driven practices, need to be undertaken in order to fully understand the problem of antimicrobial resistance in the United States and to develop effective intervention to combat this problem. (jabfm.org)
  • Much study and intervention has focused on the surveillance of hospitals and on the education of physicians, but little research has been done in the United States regarding the role of poverty in antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • 1 In developing countries, the role of poverty in antimicrobial resistance has been recognized and studied. (jabfm.org)
  • Poverty probably plays a role in antimicrobial resistance within the United States as well, but little research has occurred in this area. (jabfm.org)
  • Socioeconomic and behavioral studies of antimicrobial practice, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs within various poverty-stricken communities in the United States may yield insight into a contributing yet understudied factor in antimicrobial resistance and may lead to more effective interventions to combat resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • Reasons for multidrug-resistant organisms in developing countries are numerous, but the inadequate access to effective drugs, the unregulated manufacture and dispensation of antimicrobials, and the lack of money available to pay for appropriate, high-quality medications are some of the major poverty-driven factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • In resolution WHA68.7 (2015) the Health Assembly adopted the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. (who.int)
  • preservation of antimicrobial medicines through a stewardship framework covering control, distribution and appropriate use - development of new health technologies for preventing and controlling antimicrobial resistance - promotion of affordable access to existing and new antimicrobial medicines and diagnostic tools. (who.int)
  • The global action plan on antimicrobial resistance1 provides a blueprint, with the strategic objectives and technical actions that are needed to comprehensively address antimicrobial resistance. (who.int)
  • No, resistance to these antibiotics is due to gene(s) stably integrated into the chromosome. (neb.com)
  • Streptomycin, Kasumin and oxytetracycline are registered for blossom blight control on pome fruit in the U.S. Informational summaries about these antibiotics and their use patterns are explained. (msu.edu)
  • The data suggest that the mucoid phenotype could be associated with extrachromsomal element(s) carrying resistance genes to antibiotics and that these extrachromosomal elements may not harbour resistance determinants to chloramphenicol. (scirp.org)
  • They were resistant to the antibiotics like amoxiclav, methicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. (scirp.org)
  • Monitoring resistance to antibiotics in wild animals may assist in evaluating tendencies in the evolution of this major public health problem. (mdpi.com)
  • antibiotics from · E coli strains had complete resistance to some of the critically fresh poultry important antibiotics such as erythromycin, cefoxitin and excreta in Sierra streptomycin. (who.int)
  • response to various antibiotics (antibiotic resistance). (who.int)
  • In cases where the bacteria is not responding to the antibiotics, we further investigated to know whether they are not responding to limited drugs or more than three drugs (Multi-drug Resistance). (who.int)
  • Invariably, all bacterial samples had resistance to at least one of these eight antibiotics. (who.int)
  • Most of the E.coli isolates were resistance to more than three antibiotics. (who.int)
  • Within the environment the presence of heavy metals and antibiotics may apply an additional selective pressure on bacteria resulting in the accumulation of heavy metal resistance genes in plasmids which can be transmitted to other bacteria. (confex.com)
  • An increase in the frequency of antibiotic resistance in bacteria since the 1950s has been observed for all major classes of antibiotics used to treat a wide variety of respiratory illnesses, skin disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases. (icr.org)
  • Is this resistance the result of bacteria evolving new genes in response to the presence of antibiotics, or are antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected for in the environment by possessing antibiotic resistance genes beforehand? (icr.org)
  • Once a single bacterium mutates to become resistant to antibiotics, it can transfer that resistance to other bacteria around it through a process known as horizontal gene transfer. (asm.org)
  • Many commensals and pathogenic organisms have developed resistance to well established and newer antibiotics. (jidc.org)
  • The isolates were streptomycin resistant. (cdc.gov)
  • All isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis complex by the para-nitrobenzoic acid method and tested for drug susceptibility against rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethambutol by using the proportion method on LJ medium at the following respective concentrations: 40 µg/mL, 0.2 µg/mL, 4 µg/mL, and 2 µg/mL ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Umar, U. , Anagor, S. , Aliyu, A. and Suleiman, A. (2016) Hypermucoviscosity in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Correlates with High Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index. (scirp.org)
  • In addition, this enhanced dose would deal with the relative resistance of enterococcal isolates that have been previously exposed to vancomycin. (medscape.com)
  • The harmful effects of these isolates were evidenced by antibiotic resistance, heavy metal tolerance and antibacterial activity. (scirp.org)
  • The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. (mdpi.com)
  • All were tested for sensitivity to isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol and 12 692 of the isolates were also tested for sensitivity to pyrazinamide and streptomycin. (bmj.com)
  • A total of 1523 (6.1%) isolates were resistant to one or more drugs, 1397 isolates (5.6%) were resistant to isoniazid with or without resistance to other drugs, and 299 (1.2%) were multidrug resistant. (bmj.com)
  • Results -Resistance to 1 or more antimicrobials was detected in 986 of 1,441 (68.4%) isolates recovered. (avma.org)
  • This arrangement of the chromate resistance ( chrA ) gene and arsenic resistance operon has been described in the plasmids of three other isolates, one of which was isolated clinically in Virginia, U.S.A. while the other two samples were isolated environmentally in a Citrobacter amalonaticus in South Korea and in a Pluralibacter gergoviae in Malaysia. (confex.com)
  • Of the 49 wastewater isolates 59.2% percent were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 40.8% demonstrated multi-drug resistance. (vin.com)
  • Of the 115 gull isolates, 15.6% were resistant to one antibiotic, and 0.9% demonstrated multi-drug resistance. (vin.com)
  • Sequencing data were bioinformatically processed to infer mutations encoding resistance and determine the origin of resistance and phylogenetic relationship between isolates studied. (bvsalud.org)
  • Does Streptomycin and/or Spectinomycin need to be added when growing SHuffle strains? (neb.com)
  • The aim of this work was to evaluate streptomycin resistance and to analyse the presence of resistance-related genes in Cmm strains from Chile. (pucv.cl)
  • A search of streptomycin resistance-related genes was carried out in Cmm genomes, and the presence of these genes was studied in all Chilean strains using PCR and sequencing techniques. (pucv.cl)
  • The strB gene, encoding an aminoglycoside 6-phosphotransferase that inactivates streptomycin, was detected in all Chilean strains, including sensitive and resistant strains. (pucv.cl)
  • In the 21 resistant strains, a mutation in codon 43 of the rpsL gene was determined, conferring high streptomycin resistance. (pucv.cl)
  • Interestingly, the four streptomycin-sensitive Cmm strains did not possess this mutation. (pucv.cl)
  • This study proposes that the continuous use of streptomycin leads to emergence of resistant Cmm strains, challenging researchers to look for novel alternatives to control this plant pathogenic bacterium. (pucv.cl)
  • There is no cross-resistance between Kasumin and streptomycin as Kasumin controls streptomycin-resistant strains of E. amylovora . (msu.edu)
  • However, the challenge of a successful TB treatment remains daunting owing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB - that is, resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin - and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, in which MDR strains develop resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the three second-line injectable drugs. (nature.com)
  • The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index shows the themucoid strains with a high MAR index range of 0.7 - 1.0 with a median MAR index of 0.8, while the non-mucoid strains had a MAR index of 0.2 - 0.8 with a median MAR index of 0.35. (scirp.org)
  • Furthermore, the extrachromosomal elements bearing the mucoid phenotype and the resistance elements in the mucoid strains do not significantly impact on the fitness of the cognate strain. (scirp.org)
  • Vancomycin should be used in patients with a penicillin allergy or infections with strains that have high-level penicillin resistance due to altered PBPs. (medscape.com)
  • Resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol was significantly more common in recurrent cases, but there were no differences in rates of resistance to rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin or the rate of multi-drug resistant strains. (who.int)
  • We investigated the trends in antituberculosis drug resistance, focusing on the country of birth of the patients and whether resistance had developed during treatment or was the result of transmission of resistant M. tuberculosis strains. (flutrackers.com)
  • Although resistance was mainly due to transmission of resistant strains, mostly outside the Netherlands or before 1993 (when DNA fingerprinting was not systematically performed), in some cases (n=45), resistance was acquired in the Netherlands. (flutrackers.com)
  • Indeed, a recent study using another broad host range resistance plasmid showed that it can have a wide range of effects across different recipient strains, with some gaining a fitness benefit by maintaining the plasmid. (asm.org)
  • Strains of E. coli that exhibited resistance phenotypes were genetically analyzed to identify the presence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. (vin.com)
  • Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) from clinical specimens has the potential to become a comprehensive tool for routine drug-resistance (DR) prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains (MTBC), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). (bvsalud.org)
  • BDQ resistance is especially associated with mutations in atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in clinics and in the environment is a growing concern because plasmid encoded genes that confer antibiotic resistance are becoming more prevalent in gram-negative bacteria. (confex.com)
  • Among the most common antibiotic resistance genes are those that confer resistance to aminoglycosides, used heavily in clinics and agriculture. (confex.com)
  • Pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause respiratory and urinary tract infections and the presence of resistance genes may make treatment of such infections more difficult. (confex.com)
  • Within this plasmid approximately four thousand base pairs upstream of the IncN conjugative region, there is a multiresistance region encoding resistance to neomycin ( aph-(3')-I ) followed by genes that confer resistance to puromycin, streptomycin ( aada1 -like), spectinomycin ( aada1 -like), and trimethoprim ( dfr12 ). (confex.com)
  • Upstream of the arsenic resistance operon is a heavy metal response regulator gene followed by genes that confer resistance to heavy metals: copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, and mercury. (confex.com)
  • This is the first report of an isolate that contains this arrangement of the arsenic resistance operon, chrA gene, and multiple antibiotic resistance genes encoded on plasmids. (confex.com)
  • The accumulation of heavy metal resistance genes and a multidrug-resistance region in an environmental bacterial isolate could indicate a reservoir of heavy metal resistance genes which may aid in the persistence of multidrug-resistance bacteria in the environment. (confex.com)
  • To answer these questions a discussion of several factors involved in antibiotic resistance will show that resistance is a designed feature of pre-existing genes enabling bacteria to compete with the antibiotic producers in their environment. (icr.org)
  • The increase in resistance among these organisms clearly indicates a change in the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes. (icr.org)
  • Plasmids can be transferred through direct physical contact between bacteria in a process known as conjugation, which helps bacteria share their antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbors. (asm.org)
  • As S. Typhimurium frequently encounters gut bacteria, plasmid sharing, and the spread of resistance genes, is a real concern. (asm.org)
  • The study, led by researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, focused on a plasmid that encodes resistance genes for streptomycin and sulfonamides, called P3 for short. (asm.org)
  • Thus, the researchers hypothesized that P3 may be transferred from S. Typhimurium to diverse bacterial species in the mammalian gut environment, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance genes as it goes. (asm.org)
  • However, the researchers did not expect the plasmid to be transferred if there was no antibiotic pressure, as it would not directly benefit the bacteria to harbor resistance genes. (asm.org)
  • Shared resistance genes (including blaTEM, strA, and tetB) were documented in both gull and wastewater E. coli samples. (vin.com)
  • Combination therapy with a cell wall-active agent (eg, ampicillin, vancomycin) and an aminoglycoside (eg, gentamicin, streptomycin) has long been regarded as the standard of care for E faecalis native valve endocarditis. (medscape.com)
  • 2012) for sampling canker-infected grapefruit leaves for isolation and detection of streptomycin resistant Xcc. (citrusrdf.org)
  • Paser is most commonly used in patients with Multi-drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) or when isoniazid and rifampin use is not possible due to a combination of resistance and/or intolerance. (rxlist.com)
  • But very soon it also led to the emergence of streptomycin-resistant TB bacilli. (opednews.com)
  • But resistance to many anti-TB drugs has emerged and drug-resistant forms of TB are now a major problem globally. (opednews.com)
  • A brief look at an example of penicillin resistance reveals the increase in the frequency of antibiotic-resistant organisms since the time when antibiotic use became common. (icr.org)
  • 1] In 1980 it was estimated that 3-5% of S. pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and by 1998, 34% of the S. pneumoniae sampled were resistant to penicillin.1 Antibiotic resistance by other organisms reflects the same trend observed between S. pneumoniae and penicillin. (icr.org)
  • 1-3 Multiple poverty-driven factors that contribute to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms have been identified, some of which may be directly affecting resistance in the United States. (jabfm.org)
  • Of those, 15 cases (17.9%) had ofloxacin resistance and 6.0% were resistant to kanamycin and capreomycin. (who.int)
  • Resistance to rifampicin both in primary and secondary resistances was high, showing that children in the Islamic Republic of Iran face the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission. (who.int)
  • ABSTRACT Patterns of drug resistance in recurrent cases of tuberculosis may be different than in those without a history of treatment. (who.int)
  • The most common mutations linked to low-level of BDQ resistance are present in Rv0678 gene coding for the M. tuberculosis repressor of MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. (frontiersin.org)
  • When streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against M. tuberculosis , was discovered in the early 1940s, the infection began to come under control. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The elimination of tuberculosis (TB) is threatened by an apparent increase in the level of resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (flutrackers.com)
  • The re-emergence of tuberculosis as a global health problem over the past two decades, accompanied by an increase in tuberculosis drug resistance, prompted the development of a comprehensive national surveillance system for tuberculosis drug resistance in 1993. (bmj.com)
  • The UK Mycobacterial Resistance Network (Mycobnet), which includes all mycobacterial reference and regional laboratories in the UK, collects a minimum dataset on all individuals from whom an initial isolate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been isolated and submitted by source hospital laboratories. (bmj.com)
  • Tuberculosis control measures should be strengthened to minimise the emergence of drug resistance through rapid diagnosis, rapid identification of drug resistance, supervised treatment, and maintenance of comprehensive surveillance. (bmj.com)
  • The UK Mycobacterial Resistance Network (Mycobnet) collects information on all bacteriologically confirmed cases of tuberculosis where a culture has been submitted to one of the mycobacterial reference and regional centres nationwide. (bmj.com)
  • 4 In this paper the nature and magnitude of drug resistance in newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in the UK between 1993 and 1999 using data collated by Mycobnet is presented. (bmj.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance to second-line TB drugs among MDR-TB cases detected in the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • 1,5 Based on the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam and the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, there were an estimated 5100 cases with MDR-TB among notified TB cases in Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • The aim of the study was to perform WGS to determine the rate of false-positive results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance and transmission of mono- and polyresistant Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Streptomycin is partially systemic and can reach fire blight bacteria that have entered flower nectaries. (msu.edu)
  • Whether these phenotype and resistances that had no fitness cost to the bacterium could significantly affect the virulence of the bacteria in vivo remains to be investigated. (scirp.org)
  • Experiment to check whether the recipient bacteria had any pre-existing antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
  • I didn't even challenge the bacteria with streptomycin, so there was no directly visible fitness advantage in taking up the plasmid. (asm.org)
  • We found novel mutations encoding resistance to streptomycin (in gidB) and pyrazinamide (in kefB). (bvsalud.org)
  • We observed lineage-specific gene variations encoding resistance to streptomycin and pyrazinamide. (bvsalud.org)
  • The agency rejected complaints that allowing its use in agricultural settings could undermine its use on human bacterial infections due to resistance, saying officials collaborated with the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Department of Agriculture on that issue. (eenews.net)
  • Temperature-sensitive (TS) plasmids were generated through chemical mutagenesis of a derivative of the streptomycin resistance parent plasmid pD70, isolated from Mannheimia hemolytica serotype 1. (usda.gov)
  • The isolate also contains a plasmid with a chromate resistance gene ( chrA ) adjacent to an arsenic resistance operon. (confex.com)
  • For example, the plasmid may carry unknown fitness benefits besides antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
  • Onyango D, Machioni F, Kakai R, Waindi EN (2008) Multidrug resistance of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Typhimurium isolated from clinical samples at two rural hospitals in Western Kenya. (jidc.org)
  • In the decades following Koch's discovery, the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine, antibiotic streptomycin, and other anti-TB drugs were developed. (opednews.com)
  • for resistance to anti-TB drugs [3,4]. (who.int)
  • Resistance to anti-TB drugs is a public health threat to controlling TB worldwide. (who.int)
  • Data were col- programmes can lead to rapid emergence lected regarding previous TB prophylaxis of drug resistance not only in develop- or treatment and whether they had close ing countries such as India [ 6 ] but also in contact with an adult with pulmonary TB. (who.int)
  • Due to the low frequency of multi-drug resistance in the recurrent cases, a CAT I regimen may be suitable for empirical therapy before drug sensitivity results become available. (who.int)
  • The agency also approved expanded use of the antibiotic streptomycin on citrus, for citrus greening, making a similar finding. (eenews.net)
  • Streptomycin resistance in Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. (pucv.cl)
  • Streptomycin has been used for decades in Chile to control Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. (pucv.cl)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Streptomycin resistance in Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. (pucv.cl)
  • Therefore, there is a critical need to expand our understanding of the interaction between the microorganism and xenobiotics and various mechanisms of resistance presented by Mtb , identify new anti-TB chemical matter, expand our knowledge of microorganism and host interaction, and establish molecular targets for host-directed therapy. (nature.com)
  • Unfortunately, BDQ quickly acquired two main mechanisms of resistance, consisting in mutations in either atpE gene, encoding the target, or in Rv0678 , coding for the repressor of the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux pump. (frontiersin.org)
  • This research is one of the first studies documenting the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in wildlife of the United States. (vin.com)
  • displays the resistance of this drug, including decreased permeability and inactivation, commonly used resistance markers in molecular biology, and links to related articles. (avivadirectory.com)
  • This clinical pharmacology article takes on the task of discussing how aminoglycosides work, the pharmacoogy, clinical uses, and drug resistance. (avivadirectory.com)
  • Demographic information (age, sex, In most communities, recurrent cases berculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), nationality and residency), smoking make up the largest proportion of previ- Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, from and drug misuse status, drug resistance ously treated patients [5]. (who.int)
  • NRITLD pattern and outcome of treatment were of anti-TB drug resistance in this group is a specialized centre for TB and lung obtained for both groups. (who.int)
  • Drug resistance has become the main reason for the failure of tumor chemotherapy. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, it is still unknown whether it can improve the drug resistance of lung cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, with the long-term application of basic chemotherapy drugs in clinical practice, the problem of tumor drug resistance becomes increasingly serious, which has been the main reason for the inefficiency of tumor chemotherapy (4). (researchsquare.com)
  • The mechanism of drug resistance in tumors are complex, which mainly includes drug concentration reduction in tumor cells, abnormal drug metabolic pathway, DNA damage repair dysfunction, regulation of autophagy, blocking of apoptotic pathways, and self-renewal or proliferation of tumor stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Conclusions: This study highlights the clinical potential of WGS in ruling out false-positive drug resistance following phenotypic or genetic drug testing, and recommend this technology together with the WHO catalogue in designing an optimal individualized treatment regimen and preventing the development of MDR TB. (bvsalud.org)
  • Citation style for this article: Ruesen C, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, de Vries G, Erkens CG, van Rest J, Korthals Altes H, de Neeling H, Kamst M, van Soolingen D. Extent and origin of resistance to antituberculosis drugs in the Netherlands, 1993 to 2011. (flutrackers.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, "more than any other issue, poverty and inadequate access to drugs continue to be a major force in the development of resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • Greenhouse trials to measure the residual systemic activity of streptomycin against Xcc in leaves after foliar spray confirm trans-cuticular and upward movement of streptomycin into new foliage via the xylem. (citrusrdf.org)
  • The main difference between Kasumin and streptomycin is that Kasumin is not partially systemic like streptomycin is. (msu.edu)
  • Using the medically important streptomycin antibiotic as a pesticide increases the risk of antibiotic resistance and threatens the health of farmworkers, endangered species, and pollinators. (nrdc.org)
  • In enzymology, a streptomycin 3"-adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.47) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: ATP + streptomycin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } diphosphate + 3"-adenylylstreptomycin Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and streptomycin, whereas its two products are diphosphate and 3''-adenylylstreptomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:streptomycin 3"-adenylyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cotton line 1445 was genetically engineered to express resistance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup®, allowing for its use as a weed control option. (cbd.int)
  • Characterizing the distribution of regionally specific patterns of resistance is important to contextualize and develop locally relevant interventions. (mdpi.com)
  • Sublethal streptomycin concentrations and lytic bacteriophage together promote resistance evolution. (mpg.de)
  • Finally, we also constructed a data sheet including the mutations associated with BDQ resistance that could be useful for the early detection of BDQ-resistance in MDR/XDR patients with the purpose of a better management of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results suggest that resistance is primarily developed through spontaneous mutations or selective pressure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Resistance to both INH and RIF substantially increases the cost and duration of treatment, while decreasing the efficacy. (cdc.gov)