Resistance to imipenem quinolones. Medical search. Frequent questions

Background Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has become a growing clinical concern worldwide. (researchsquare.com)
These plasmids were untypeable for replicon/incompatibility and transferred various other genes including plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and blaCTX-M-15. (uea.ac.uk)
Evaluation of co-transfer of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes and bla NDM gene. (sagepub.com)
The spread of large plasmids, carrying both bla and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance (PMQR) markers, is NDM one of the main reasons for the failure of these essential antimicrobials. (sagepub.com)
Add- Simmons citrate agar test, Urease test, Indole test, and ing fuel to this fire are the plasmid-mediated quinolone discrepancies were resolved by Vitek2 system (bioMe'r- resistance (PMQR) genes which raise greater concern ieux, Marcy l'E'toile, France). (sagepub.com)
Resistance genes (β-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)) and E. coli phylogenetic groups were investigated using molecular methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing was used to determine the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes (bla) including bla NDM-1 and plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance determinants. (who.int)
The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrB19-like and aac(6)Ib-cr;fosfomycin resistance gene fosA and an insertion sequence IS5-like in mgrB (colistin resistance)were also detected. (bvsalud.org)

[ 6 ] In the majority of the published studies, multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to at least three drugs from a variety of antibiotic classes, mainly aminoglycosides, antipseudomonal penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] Data from our own institution revealed the prevalence rate of multidrug resistance (defined as resistance to all agents in at least three out of four classes: fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, antipseudomonal penicillins/cephalosporins) in P. aeruginosa bloodstream isolates to be approximately 10-17% from 2005 to 2007. (medscape.com)
Carbapenems (eg, imipenem, meropenem) with antipseudomonal quinolones may be used in conjunction with an aminoglycoside. (medscape.com)
Resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and cotrimoxazole is often associated with CTX-M production ( 16 , 17 ), thereby limiting the choice of effective antimicrobial drugs to carbapenems or colistin. (cdc.gov)
In general, resistance to these carbapenems is rare. (cdc.gov)
What causes resistance to carbapenems? (cdc.gov)
Resistance to carbapenems occurs either through bacterial production of β-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze (break down) the antimicrobial agent or through porin changes in the bacterial cell wall that reduce the permeability of the drug into the organism. (cdc.gov)
The high prevalence of co-resistance to betalactam, aminoglycoside and quinolone against PSA has necessitated increased use of carbapenems. (amrita.edu)
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of carbapenems showed a high degree of resistance, with 67 isolates (36.8%) being resistant to all carbapenems, of which 40 (59.7%) produced enzymes able to hydrolyse imipenem. (uea.ac.uk)
As well as the globally relevant carbapenemases (blaNDM, bla VIM and blaGES), there are other unknown gene(s) or variant(s) in circulation able to hydrolyse carbapenems and confer high-level resistance. (uea.ac.uk)
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control (2019) 8:46 Page 2 of 15 Background carbapenems [8]. (sagepub.com)
Beta-lactamases are enzymes ( EC 3.5.2.6 ) produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins , cephalosporins , cephamycins and carbapenems . (wikidoc.org)
We detected multidrug-resistance in 91% isolates and found resistance to last-resort drugs including colistin, carbapenems and tigecycline. (nature.com)
The German KRINKO defines MDR according to resistance to commonly used agents to treat severe infections (i.e. antipseudomonal penicillins, extended spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems and quinolones). (biomedcentral.com)

With the exception of cases involving febrile patients with neutropenia, in whom monotherapy with ceftazidime or a carbapenem (eg, imipenem, meropenem) is used, a 2-drug regimen is recommended. (medscape.com)
Why is imipenem and meropenem resistance important? (cdc.gov)
Imipenem and meropenem are carbapenem antimicrobial agents used to treat a variety of serious infections when an organism is resistant to the primary agent of choice. (cdc.gov)
How much resistance to imipenem or meropenem occurs in clinical isolates? (cdc.gov)
What Gram-negative organisms are resistant to imipenem and/or meropenem? (cdc.gov)
Studies suggest meropenem may be more stable than imipenem. (cdc.gov)
Meropenem is slightly more active than imipenem against Gram-negative organisms. (cdc.gov)
Enterobacteriaceae group showed higher statistically significant resistance in the second study period against ceftriaxone, quinolone and piperacillin/tazobactam, whilst no resistance observed against imipenem/ meropenem. (aku.edu)
The susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter species shifted from sensitive to highly resistant one with significant p values against ceftriaxone, quinolone, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem/meropenem. (aku.edu)
Antimicrobials that may be used for the treatment of secondary intraabdominal infections depending on severity of illness and microbiology data include (a) third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone or cefuroxime) with metronidazole, (b) ticarcillin-clavulanate or piperacillin-tazobactam, (c) a carbapenem (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, and ertapenem), and (d) quinolone (levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin) plus metronidazole or moxifloxacin alone. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Unlike imipenem, meropenem has a methyl group at position 1 of the 5-membered ring, which confers stability against hydrolysis by dehydropeptidase 1 (DHP 1) present on the brush border of proximal renal tubular cells and therefore does not require concomitant administration with a DHP-1 inhibitor such as cilastatin. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Like imipenem, meropenem also is highly resistant to hydrolysis by a variety of b-lactamases. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
In clinical studies in patients with intra-abdominal infections, meropenem monotherapy was similar in efficacy to a 2-drug regimen of tobramycin and clindamycin or monotherapy with imipenem and cilastatin sodium. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
4. Following the review of square box listings on the EML and EMLc, the Expert Committee recommended imipenem + cilastatin be specified as a therapeutic alternative under the square box listing for meropenem on the EML and EMLc for this indication. (essentialmeds.org)

β-lactam resistance is mostly mediated through acquisition of β-lactamase genes located on mobile genetic elements such as plasmids or transposons. (cdc.gov)
All quinolone resistant isolates were investigated for the carriage of PMQR genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (researchsquare.com)
Conclusion There is high level quinolone resistance and wide distribution of PMQR genes in clinical isolates in Nigeria with a preponderance of Efflux-mediating determinants and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. (researchsquare.com)
The common mechanisms of resistance to quinolones reported after discovery of nalidixic acid were chromosomal involving alterations in target enzymes and since quinolones are synthetic antibiotics, it was thought that mutations in target genes would be the only mechanisms through which resistance could be acquired because quinolone-resistance genes were not expected to occur in nature. (researchsquare.com)
Also, all isolates were subjected to PCR to detect quinolone resistance-determining regions and macrolide resistance genes as described ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Only the multidrug-susceptible isolate did not show mutations in the quinolone-resistance determinant region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene and was negative in the search of genes encoding antibiotic resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
The other 22 isolates were positive to resistance genes to aminoglycoside, macrolides/lincosamides and chloramphenicol and showed mutations in the QRDR of the gyrA gene. (biomedcentral.com)
We used PCR and sequencing to determine the TTSS effector genotype and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the respective target genes gyrA , gyrB , parC , and parE . (koreamed.org)
The present study aims the characterization of antibiotic resistance phenotypes and encoding genes in bacterial strains isolated from some Romanian aquatic fishery lowland salted lakes. (biomedcentral.com)
The genetic determinants for beta-lactam resistance were represented by bla CTX−M−like (33 %), bla NDM−like and bla IMP−like (8.33 %) genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The high level and diversity of resistance markers, correlated with a high frequency of integrons is suggesting that this environment could act as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes with a great probability to be horizontally transmitted to other associated species from the aquatic sediments microbiota, raising the potential zoonotic risk for fish consumers. (biomedcentral.com)
NDM-1 NDM-1 producers are found to co-harbour resistance genes against many antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones. (sagepub.com)
Combinations of two or up to six different resistance genes (penicillinases, ESBLs and PMQR) were detected in 70% of all isolates investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates from human, companion animals and horses shared several characteristics regarding presence of ESBL, PMQR and combination of different resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 6 ] Global increase in demand for animal products and a shift to large-scale farming have contributed to the accumulation of antibiotic residues and bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes in animals, water, soil and, ultimately, in humans through the food chain. (medscape.com)
These isolates harbored multiple resistance genes, virulence factor-encoding genes, and putative plasmids. (nature.com)
This bacterial species is not only a leading cause of foodborne infections but also represents a major reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) due to its high capacity to accumulate ARGs, mostly through horizontal gene transfer 7 . (nature.com)
Increased acquisitions of multidrug resistance in this bacterium as well as the transfer of genes to other strains have caused concern. (biomedcentral.com)
Integrons play key role in the acquisition and the spread of resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study was evaluated the frequency of resistance genes sulI , sulII , tetA , tetB, class I ( intI gene), class II integrons ( intII gene) and the association between multidrug resistance and the presence of integrons in K. pneumoniae . (biomedcentral.com)
Our results showed the high prevalence of integrons in MDR K. pneumoniae , indicating the important role of these genes in the transmission of antibiotic resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular characterization of the isolates was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR) and selected isolates were further screened for the possibility of harboring antimicrobial resistance genes. (ru.ac.za)
The blaKPC-3gene was mobilized in a 100-kb IncFIB conjugative plasmidwith vagCD toxin-antitoxin system.This work reports multiple resistance genes in blaKPC-producing K. pneumoniae and the firstoccurrence of ST11 clinical isolates harboring blaKPC-3in Latin America. (bvsalud.org)

defined as resistance to at least three of four agents: imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin) P. aeruginosa isolates. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] Furthermore, diverse resistance mechanisms were found in these MDR isolates. (medscape.com)
Broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance in MDR isolates significantly limits effective therapeutic options. (medscape.com)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates are intrinsically resistant to imipenem. (cdc.gov)
2 , 5 , 6 , 10 - 12 Studies done earlier in Nigeria reported low level of resistance to the fluoroquinolones among clinical isolates probably because the drugs were not in common use before the expiration of patents for the first generation of these drugs in early 2000s. (researchsquare.com)
Background: This study was conducted to evaluate drug resistance amongst bacteremic isolates of febrile neutropenic patients with particular emphasis on emergence of carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species. (aku.edu)
Multidrug resistance was found in 56% of isolates. (mdpi.com)
To determine the occurrence and molecular basis of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria from tertiary hospitals in Nigeria, 182 non-duplicate Gram-negative bacterial isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of carbapenemases (tested phenotypically and genotypically), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing, plasmid sizing and replicon typing. (uea.ac.uk)
The Plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene aac('6)-Ib-cr was the most frequently detected antibiotic- resistance gene present in 27.9% of the human and 36.9% of the animal ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
As with other drugs in this class, some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa may develop resistance fairly rapidly during treatment with levofloxacin tablets, USP. (nih.gov)
Most of the bacterial isolates exhibited a high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index ranging from 0.08 to 0.69 with a mean MAR index of 0.38. (ru.ac.za)
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance due to carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceaeclinical isolates is a global threat. (bvsalud.org)
Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring the blaKPCgene is one ofthe major concerns in hospital settings in Latin America.The aim of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to typifyfour carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from the city of Manizales, Colombia.We identified blaKPC-3in all four isolates by polymerase chain reaction and subsequentsequencing. (bvsalud.org)

Sequential intravenous to oral levofloxacin 750mg once daily for 7-14 days was as effective in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia as intravenous imipenem/cilastatin 500-1000mg every 6-8 hours followed by oral ciprofloxacin 750mg twice daily in one study. (nih.gov)

The Ralstonia species, later identified as pickettii , was sensitive to quinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole only with intermediate sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, and cefepime and complete resistance to tobramycin amikacin and gentamycin. (hindawi.com)

ESBLs confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, widely used to treat E. coli infections. (cdc.gov)

The Gram- negative rods (GNR) exhibited a high level of resistance to β-lactams: cefuroxime (63 %), cefazolin (42 %), ceftriaxone (8 %), ceftazidime and aztreonam (4 % each). (biomedcentral.com)

2 In the last few decades, there has been a remarkable increase in the overall use of quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. (researchsquare.com)
Quinolones (Nali- Identification of strains dixic acid) and fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, gatiflox- Enterobacteriaceae (n = 73) obtained from blood cultures acin etc.) are bactericidal antimicrobials that selectively of 66 septicaemic neonates (new-borns less than 28 days target the action of gyrase and topoisomerase IV disab- of life), admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of ling the DNA replication [2]. (sagepub.com)

A review of studies reporting on MDR and 'pan-drug resistant' P. aeruginosa infections revealed considerably different definitions used in the literature, ranging from resistance to a single antibiotic agent/class to resistance to all tested antibiotics. (medscape.com)
Pseudomonal infections are increasingly resistant to certain antibiotics, and the organism may acquire resistance during therapy. (medscape.com)
This emphasizes the need for regular resistance surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to guide the appropriate and judicious use of antibiotics. (researchsquare.com)
Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is an increasing worldwide concern, as antibiotics still represent a very important option for human and animal health protection [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbapenem resistance and resistance to other classes of antibiotics were confirmed by the Etest (bioMérieux) method with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined after a 24-hour incubation at 37°C. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. (who.int)
While the consequences of resistance may seem far removed from daily clinical practice, awareness of AMR is essential to dermatological care given that dermatologists prescribe more antibiotics per physician than other providers. (medscape.com)
Further contributors to global antibiotic resistance include self-prescribing of over-the-counter systemic antibiotics or topical steroid/anti-infective combinations, the latter leading to resistance through a dysregulated immune response and increased susceptibility to persistent infections. (medscape.com)
Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been reported to contribute to the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. (preprints.org)

Resistance profiles were determined against 33 antimicrobials by microbroth dilution. (mdpi.com)
Our goal was to survey poultry production for resistance to eleven clinically relevant antimicrobials and phenotypic occurrence of ESBLs as modulated by farming and managerial practices. (nih.gov)
Adjusting for farm type (broiler vs. layer), the odds of resistance (although not statistically significant) to all antimicrobials except nitrofurantoin (NIT) were higher in independent facilities (IUs) as compared to contracted facilities (CFs). (nih.gov)
The expanding use of antimicrobials in livestock is an important contributor to the worldwide rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (nature.com)

Within a healthcare setting, increases in species-specific carbapenem resistance should be monitored and sudden increases investigated to rule out an outbreak of resistant organisms or spurious test results. (cdc.gov)
Can all susceptibility test methods accurately detect carbapenem resistance? (cdc.gov)
Broth microdilution methods usually detect carbapenem resistance when the tests are performed properly. (cdc.gov)
MBL production among PSA is one of the several mechanisms causing carbapenem resistance (CARB-R) transferable by integrons. (amrita.edu)
There is a high level of carbapenem resistance in Nigeria. (uea.ac.uk)

The level of resistance is determined by the efficiency of the enzyme for hydrolyzing the drug and by the number of resistance mechanisms present in the organism. (cdc.gov)
The classical mechanisms IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India, during of fluoroquinolone resistance are the accumulation of January 2012 to June 2014, were included in this study. (sagepub.com)
Generally, mechanisms contributing to CR could be through overexpression of efflux pump, decrease in outer membrane permeability coupled with hyper-production of AmpC β-lactamases, and finally through the production of carbapenemase enzymes as the most predominant resistance mechanism [ 1 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Culture and susceptibility testing performed periodically during therapy will provide information about the continued susceptibility of the pathogens to the antimicrobial agent and also the possible emergence of bacterial resistance. (nih.gov)

Results from drug-resistance surveys and ongoing surveillance show that drug- resistant tuberculosis (TB) is widespread geographically ( 1 ). (who.int)
We examined the relationship among the TTSS effector genotype ( exoS and exoU ), fluoroquinolone resistance, and target site mutations in 66 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. (koreamed.org)
The recent overuse of fluoroquinolone has led to both increased resistance and enhanced virulence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa . (koreamed.org)
Nonetheless, a number of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains have exhibited increased resistance to fluoroquinolone, and these strains have emerged rapidly in South Korea [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. (koreamed.org)
Penicillinase-resistant β lactams such as methicillin were developed, but there is now widespread resistance to even these (for example, MRSA ). (wikidoc.org)
Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens cause 700 000 deaths each year and, according to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is estimated to lead to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. (medscape.com)
In this study we aimed to determine the effects of different definitions of multidrug-resistance on rates of Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (GN-MDRO). (biomedcentral.com)

The true prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa is not well established, presumably for several reasons: first, there is considerable disagreement within the medical community as to the definition of multidrug resistance. (medscape.com)
A. baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia extended spectrum beta lactam (ESBL) and P. aeurginosa had the highest prevalence of multi drug resistance (MDR). (biomedcentral.com)

The presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of 174 Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy Portuguese Gallus gallus was evaluated. (mdpi.com)
The GNR strains exhibited high levels of β-lactam resistance mediated by extended spectrum beta-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases. (biomedcentral.com)

1 Quinolones are often the first line in the treatment of several forms of bacterial infections especially in developing countries, thus their extensive use clinically 1 and non-clinically in live-stock and agriculture. (researchsquare.com)

CTX-M carriage was associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. (cdc.gov)

Pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns vary significantly among institutions and can vary within institutions over short periods (eg, month to month). (msdmanuals.com)
Aside from economic constraints, nosocomial pneumonias could be potentially fatal because of emergence of resistance pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, the same bacterial strain, isolated from the patient, induced obesity and insulin resistance in germfree C57BL/6J mice that were being fed a high-fat diet. (wikipedia.org)
Herein we discuss concerns of bacterial resistance from an outpatient dermatological perspective, and review innovative strategies in the fight against AMR. (medscape.com)

The artemisinin drug resistance surveillance strategy involves continuous monitoring of Kelch 13-propeller biomarker to detect emergence of mutations which could herald drug resistance in the region. (bvsalud.org)
These data indicate a specific relationship among exoU genotype, fluoroquinolone resistance, and resistance-conferring mutations. (koreamed.org)

Regulators must have an accurate picture of antimicrobial use in order to promote responsible antimicrobial use and slow the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. (amstewardship.ca)

Published reports indicate some resistance in a variety of clinical Gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Burkholderia cepacia , Acinetobacter species , Proteus species , Serratia marcescens , Enterobacter species, and Klebsiella pneumoniae . (cdc.gov)
A multitude of definitions determining multidrug resistance (MDR) of Gram-negative organisms exist worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Los microrganismos aislados en los cultivos fueron Cocos gram positivos (2/5), Enterococcus faecalis (1/5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2/5). (bvsalud.org)

Klebsiella pneumoniae portador de blaKPC es uno de los mayores problemas a nivel hospitalario en Latinoamérica. (bvsalud.org)

Quinolones are synthetic, broad spectrum antibacterial drugs with bactericidal activities against a wide range of bacteria. (researchsquare.com)

Rates of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are increasing worldwide. (medscape.com)

Artemisinin drug resistance is one of the major reasons for malaria treatment failures in the sub-Saharan African countries where artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. (bvsalud.org)
The occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is found to correlate with antimalarial drug resistance. (bvsalud.org)
The review provided pertinent information on artemisinin derivatives, artemisinin-based combination therapy, molecular action of artemisinin, definition of artemisinin resistance, genetic basis of artemisinin drug resistance and discovery of Kelch 13, and the importance of artemisinin resistance surveillance. (bvsalud.org)

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem and antimicrobial stewardship is an essential component of hospital policies worldwide yet little is known regarding effective implementation strategies in the Middle East. (who.int)

Resistance to these antimicrobial agents limits therapeutic options. (cdc.gov)

Organisms27

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes39

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Geographicals1

Plasmid-mediated8

Carbapenems14

Meropenem14

Genes24

Isolates13

Levofloxacin1

Piperacillin1

Cephalosporins1

Ceftazidime1

Ciprofloxacin2

Antibiotics8

Antimicrobials4

Carbapenem resistance5

Mechanisms3

Susceptibility1

Resistant7

Prevalence2

Strains2

Infections1

Aminoglycosides1

Pathogens2

Bacterial2

Mutations2

Emergence1

Gram3

Klebsiella1

Broad spectrum1

Pseudomonas1

Drug resistance3

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial1

Therapeutic options1