• The costs of meeting regulatory requirements and market restrictions guided by regulatory criteria are substantial impediments to the commercialization of transgenic crops. (nature.com)
  • Long-accepted plant breeding methods for incorporating new diversity into crop varieties, experience from two decades of research on and commercialization of transgenic crops, and expanding knowledge of plant genome structure and dynamics all indicate that if a gene or trait is safe, the genetic engineering process itself presents little potential for unexpected consequences that would not be identified or eliminated in the variety development process before commercialization. (nature.com)
  • also known as the cotton bollworm) can be reduced by planting transgenic crops that express Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) pesticidal proteins and application of chemical insecticides. (usda.gov)
  • CEW has developed resistance to several Bt crops and insecticides, which leaves growers fewer option to control crop damage. (usda.gov)
  • The assembly is a valuable resource for investigating changes in the CEW genome that can be associated with resistance to Bt crops and insecticides. (usda.gov)
  • The herbicide glyphosate has been around for over twenty years and since the technological advances in genetically modified organisms, the development of a resistance in crops has become a desired and beneficial product. (openwetware.org)
  • A gene that has been found to be unresponsive to glyphosate is inserted in crops to develop a transgenic plant. (openwetware.org)
  • About eighty percent of the U.S. market in farm crops is now in plants that tolerate glyphosate. (openwetware.org)
  • Because of the qualities that glyphosate possesses, resistance to the herbicide in crops is very important. (openwetware.org)
  • About 75% of all genetically modified crops are engineered for herbicide resistance. (openwetware.org)
  • In the not-so-distant future, we may see farmers planting seeds that will develop into productive (but sterile) crops only if sprayed with a carefully prescribed regimen that includes the company's proprietary pesticide, fertilizer or herbicide. (jesus-is-savior.com)
  • These results demonstrate that effector target-guided engineering of NLR receptors can provide new-to-nature disease resistance in crops. (elifesciences.org)
  • The threat of resistance among insect pests is one reason that organic farmers, who sometimes rely on Bacillus thuringiensis to kill insects, opposed the transgenic Bt crops. (phys.org)
  • Plants respond to various stimuli under abiotic or biotic stress condition and express certain genes either structural or regulatory genes which maintain the plant integrity. (scielo.br)
  • This overview considers these technologies and how they have been used to identify novel viral and plant proteins or genes involved in disease and resistance responses, as well as defense signaling. (springer.com)
  • These approaches include analysis of spatial and temporal responses by plants to infection, and techniques that allow the expression of viral genes transiently or transgenically in planta, the expression of plant and foreign genes from virus vectors, the silencing of plants genes, imaging of live, infected cells, and the detection of interactions between viral proteins and plant gene products, both in planta and in various in vitro or in vivo systems. (springer.com)
  • The expression of antifungal genes from Trichoderma harzianum has been used to confer plant resistance to fungal diseases. (isaaa.org)
  • Rice has been successfully modified to express the cry genes derived from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium, and several Bt rice lines with high resistance to lepidopteran pests have been developed over the past 15 years in China [4] . (plos.org)
  • The co-location of these genes on a small non-recombinogenic segment simplifies their deployment as a gene stack and potentially enhances their resistance durability. (nature.com)
  • tritici ( Pgt ) races over the past two decades 1 , 2 has motivated global efforts to identify effective stem rust (Sr) resistance genes. (nature.com)
  • Consequently, there is an ongoing need to expand resistance resources and to enhance gene stewardship through co-deployment of multiple resitance (R) genes, rather than single genes, to increase resistance durability. (nature.com)
  • Since genetic dissection of genes within alien segments in wheat was not possible due to lack of recombination, the question arose as to whether the apparent durability of such resistances might be due to multiple genes rather than a single gene. (nature.com)
  • However, as there is no current Pgt race known to be virulent to either resistance gene, it was not possible to unambiguously determine whether the recombinant introgression carried a single or both genes. (nature.com)
  • A cluster that includes three genes, vanH, vanA, and vanX, is required for high-level resistance to glycopeptides. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, nucleotide sequences related to the cluster vanHAX are present in this DNA, suggesting that the prolonged use of avoparcin in agriculture led to the uptake of glycopeptide resistance genes by animal commensal bacteria, which were subsequently transferred to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Resistance arises by mutation (influencing the target or efflux of the antimicrobial agent) or by the acquisition of resistance genes (encoding antimicrobial or target alteration, or alternate pathways) ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The actual origins of acquired resistance genes are unknown, but environmental microbes, including the strains producing antimicrobial agents, are believed to be important sources ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Substantial genetic and biochemical similarities exist between resistance determinants in antimicrobial agent-producing actinomycetes and resistance genes found in gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens ( 6 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Some researchers have proposed that the vanH , vanA , and vanX genes of hospital enterococci may have been acquired en bloc from the actinomycetes ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • . 2006 ). In order to enhance blight-tolerance in the American chestnut tree, we are studying several gene products, regulatory regions of genes to control expression (promoters), and the possibility of combining two or more genes (called stacking or pyramiding) for better and more sustainable resistance. (esf.edu)
  • Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
  • Dr. Dhankher was the first one to develop the transgenic plant based approach for arsenic phytoremediation by combining the expression of two bacterial genes. (umass.edu)
  • There is lack of consideration for a large segment of the population that has ethical or religious beliefs that classify genetically engineered plants carrying animal or human genes as being totally unacceptable as foods. (jesus-is-savior.com)
  • Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
  • Efforts to enhance plant resistance and tolerance to a broad range of stresses by expressing Trichoderma genes in the plant genome are also addressed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This study applies knowledge from structural and evolutionary studies of the rice NLR protein Pik-1 and cognate effector protein AVR-Pik to engineering of new disease resistance genes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many of the characterized resistance (R) genes used to confer disease resistance in crop breeding programs encode NLR proteins ( Kourelis and van der Hoorn, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Farmers are required by the Environmental Protection Agency to plant "refuges" of corn that lack the Bt toxin, where non-resistant rootworms can pass on their susceptible genes to the rootworm population. (phys.org)
  • Moreover, ABA/ reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related, and stress-response genes were regulated in the transgenic wheat plants , increasing tolerance to salt stress . (bvsalud.org)
  • Transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the CP gene of WMV II or ZYMV showed protection against symptom development when inoculated with WMV II and six other potyviruses: bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), potato Y (PVY), pea mosaic (PeaMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV), pepper mottle (PeMV), and tobacco etch (TEV). (apsnet.org)
  • Transgenic plants expressing the WMV II CP gene generally showed better protection against these potyviruses than those expressing the ZYMV CP gene. (apsnet.org)
  • Given this and other reports, it appears that transgenic plants that express a potyvirus CP gene will show at least a noticeable level of protection against symptom development when challenged by other potyviruses. (apsnet.org)
  • Plant/ crop productivity effected by the environmental strains such as water deficit condition (drought), Low temperature (cold), salt and High temperature (heat) these stresses disturb the signal transduction of gene regulatory systems of plants. (scielo.br)
  • 金凤媚 , 林丽明 , 林奇英* , 谢联辉 , 2004: Regeneration of Transgenic Rice with the Rice Grassy Stunt Virus sp Gene, Virologica Sinica, 19, 146-148. (virosin.org)
  • The team of José A. Mercado of Universidad de Málaga in Spain developed transgenic strawberry plants expressing the glucanase gene bgn13.1 from T. harzianum . (isaaa.org)
  • The re-emergence of stem rust on wheat in Europe and Africa is reinforcing the ongoing need for durable resistance gene deployment. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, once a transgenic event is obtained, molecular studies required for a commercial release by regulatory authorities, which include transgene insertion site, number of transgenes and gene expression levels, are all hindered by the genomic complexity and the lack of a complete sequenced reference genome for this crop. (frontiersin.org)
  • The first gene being tested in transgenic American chestnut encodes an enzyme called oxalate oxidase . (esf.edu)
  • The oxalate oxidase gene is also being tested by several other researchers to enhance pathogen tolerance in plant systems such as peanut , soybean , sunflower , and oilseed rape and also to possibly increase salt tolerance in tomato . (esf.edu)
  • Cholorplasts are maternally inherited, so this process prevents the transmission of the foreign gene by pollen to nearby plants. (openwetware.org)
  • High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
  • Transgenic potato lines expressing hairpin RNAi construct of molting-associated EcR gene exhibit enhanced resistance against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say). (potatobeetle.org)
  • Furthermore, CPB larvae fed on transgenic plants exhibited reduced EcR transcripts, indicating the functionality of dsRNA EcR in silencing EcR gene expression. (potatobeetle.org)
  • Transgenic tobacco cell cultures expressing a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene release the enzyme into the medium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • When you transpose an alien gene (in this case from a soil habiting bacterium, Bacillus thurengiensis, known popularly as Bt) into a plant cell, targeting a specific pest, in this case the dreaded American Bollworm (the most devastating cotton pest), it is expected that the protein configuration which acts as a "poison" when in the gut of the sucking insect (boll worm), stays stable. (vijayvaani.com)
  • 3. Davies, J.W. and Hull, R. (1982) Genome expression of plant positive-strand RNA viruses. (springer.com)
  • Staginnus C, Richert-Pöggeler KR (2006) Endogenous pararetroviruses: two-faced travelers in the plant genome. (cambridge.org)
  • Standard molecular analysis of primary transformants showed proper integration of T-DNA in plant genome. (potatobeetle.org)
  • These research directions required the establishment of firm interdisciplinary collaborations with chemists and plant breeders, which was achieved by obtaining funding for a larger consortium from the Austrian genome programme GEN-AU (coordinator: G. Adam) The establishment of Fusarium genomics resources (e.g. (boku.ac.at)
  • Güldener U, Mannhaupt G, Münsterkötter M, Haase D, Oesterheld M, Stümpflen V, Mewes H-W, Adam G (2006) FGDB: a comprehensive fungal genome resource on the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum . (boku.ac.at)
  • Increased resistance to oxidase stress in transgenic plants that overexpress chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. (scielo.org.za)
  • A wheat WRKY transcription factor TaWRKY17 enhances tolerance to salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis and wheat plant. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compensatory over-production of insensitive proteases in the insect, however, has limited suitability of these proteins in plant protection, with very high levels of inhibitor required for increased plant resistance. (hebron.edu)
  • A variety of techniques have been used to examine plant viral genomes, the functions of virus-encoded proteins, plant responses induced by virus infection and plant-virus interactions. (springer.com)
  • The species is highly adaptable to different host plants and has developed resistance to several insecticidal agents, including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins in transgenic cotton and maize. (usda.gov)
  • A subset of plant intracellular NLR immune receptors detect effector proteins, secreted by phytopathogens to promote infection, through unconventional integrated domains which resemble the effector's host targets. (elifesciences.org)
  • Engineering NLR proteins to improve disease resistance in crop plants is a major goal of the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • The authors nicely demonstrate that it is indeed possible to engineer resistance proteins with broad recognition specificity for the rice blast fungus. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although three distinct Bt proteins are now encoded in transgenic corn for corn rootworm control, the first and most common protein, called Cry3Bb1, is the focus of current resistance concerns. (phys.org)
  • renamed these peptides as "plant defensins," after comparing their structural and functional resemblance to previously characterized AMPs found in insects and mammals. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2014). With the help of several collaborators, we are evaluating potential impacts of transgenic chestnut on soil fungi, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, other wildlife, persistence in the environment, tree growth rates, pollen flow, and surrounding plant communities. (esf.edu)
  • Scientists are creating unthinkable genetic modifications in our food, mixing animal, insects and even human DNA into animals and plants, and the reason of course is the giant biotechnology corporations are desperate for profits at any cost. (jesus-is-savior.com)
  • Planting transgenic corn that produces multiple toxins can also fight resistance, but that technique is less effective if the insects already resist one of those toxins, Cullen says. (phys.org)
  • Tolerance and susceptibility for plant under stress condition are complex events in which stresses may affect the multiple stage of plant development. (scielo.br)
  • Results show that bgn13.1 from T. harzianum can be used to increase strawberry tolerance to crown rot diseases, but also affects plant growth and fruit yield. (isaaa.org)
  • Four transgenic potato lines were identified and evaluated for drought tolerance in the greenhouse. (scielo.org.za)
  • Water deficit tolerance and field performance of transgenic alfalfa overexpressing superoxide dismutase. (scielo.org.za)
  • Direction of oxidative stress tolerance using transgenic plants. (scielo.org.za)
  • Traits such as herbicide, disease and insect resistance, improved tolerance to cold, salt and drought and accumulation of sugar and biomass have been some of the areas of interest as far as the application of transgenic sugarcane is concerned. (frontiersin.org)
  • Future research programs can be focused on the development of transgenic plants with enhanced stress tolerance in field conditions based upon the outcome of genomic approaches and knowing the mystery of nucleotides sequences hidden in cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, as revealed by research in recent decades, some Trichoderma strains can interact directly with roots, increasing plant growth potential, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Thus, targeting the molecular mechanisms correlated with drought tolerance without reducing productivity is a challenge for plant breeding. (scirp.org)
  • TaWRKY17 overexpression in Arabidopsis and wheat caused a significant plant salt -stress tolerance enhancement. (bvsalud.org)
  • Progress has been made to better understand about effect of regulons (AREB/ABF, DREB, MYB, and NAC) under abiotic stresses and a number of regulons reported for stress responsive and used as a better transgenic tool of Arabidopsis and Rice. (scielo.br)
  • Previously the model systems S. cerevisiae and Arabidopsis have been utilized to study resistance mechanisms of plants against toxins of the class of trichothecenes (e.g. the Fusarium metabolite deoxynivalenol), such as target alterations (amino-acid changes in ribosomal protein L3) and detoxification (by UDP-glucosyltransferases and acetyltransferases). (boku.ac.at)
  • To analyze TaWRKY17 function under salt stress , we obtained stable T3 generation transgenic Arabidopsis and wheat TaWRKY17 overexpression plants . (bvsalud.org)
  • Under salt stress , superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase ( CAT ) enzyme activities were elevated in transgenic Arabidopsis and wheat plants compared with the wild type (WT), whereas H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation was reduced in the transgenic lines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Li G, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang G (2014) Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Rice Is Safer to Aquatic Ecosystems than Its Non-Transgenic Counterpart. (plos.org)
  • To see how reduced oxalate affects the fungus' ability to attack a plant, view the following time-lapse video of an "Apple test" used to measure fungal virulence (long version viewable on YouTube ). (esf.edu)
  • Chitinase CHIT36 from Trichoderma harzianum enhances resistance of transgenic carrot to fungal pathogens. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This is partly because environmental risk assessment for transgenic plants is new and partly because the social context in which regulatory decisions about transgenic organisms must now be made is dramatically different from the social context in which these agencies are accustomed to working. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) began its involvement in the regulation of transgenic organisms in the mid-1980s. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Plant defensins also have been tested as biotechnological tools to improve crop production through fungi resistance generation in organisms genetically modified (OGM). (frontiersin.org)
  • Before joining the RHS Lisa managed the Virology and Quarantine team in the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (2006-2019), delivering diagnostic services for viruses and virus-like organisms for plant imports and exports, surveillance and response, and overseeing the provision of quarantine services. (aab.org.uk)
  • But Genetically Modified plants are living organisms. (jesus-is-savior.com)
  • This mini-review summarizes the main findings concerning the Trichoderma -plant interaction, the molecular dialogue between the two organisms, and the dramatic changes induced by the beneficial fungus in the plant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The compounds that are found in some spices and produced by herbs act as self-defense mechanisms to protect the plant against infectious organisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In all cases, if only resistant organisms can survive and multiply, resistance becomes widespread. (phys.org)
  • Om Parkash Dhankher is a leader in plant biotechnology, working to address food safety and security challenges facing the world. (umass.edu)
  • With the advent of transgenic biotechnology, plants can be enhanced with qualities that not only allow them to flourish in stressed environments but also allow them to be used in the effort to alleviate certain environmental stresses. (davidson.edu)
  • 董江丽 , 李天然 , 哈斯·阿古拉 , 张鹤 , 1999: Resistance of Transgenic Potato Expressing Intergenic Sequence of Potato Leafroll Virus, Virologica Sinica, 14, 66-72. (virosin.org)
  • Jens graduated from the University of Bayreuth, Germany in 1999 with a diploma (MSc) in plant ecology. (aab.org.uk)
  • 1999) Plants are especially useful in the process of bioremediation because they prevent erosion and leaching which can spread the toxic substances to surrounding areas. (davidson.edu)
  • With helpful illustrations, photos, figures, models that explain viral mechanisms, and easy-to-understand reference tables, Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens will stimulate your thinking on this fascinating area of plant science! (routledge.com)
  • She works in the Plant Virology lab of CREA-DC that deals with the characterization, aetiology and epidemiology of major crop viral diseases and with the production of virus-free plant germplasm through tissue culture. (aab.org.uk)
  • Possible roles of endogenous plant viral sequences. (cambridge.org)
  • Turturo C, Friscina A, Gaubert S, Jacquemond M, Thompson JR, Tepfer M (in press) Evaluation of the potential risks associated with recombination in transgenic plants expressing viral sequences. (cambridge.org)
  • Recombinant thanatin was expressed in transgenic maize plants. (isaaa.org)
  • Infection assayed with maize kernels from the transgenic plants exhibited up to three-fold resistance against Aspergillus infections compared to non-transgenic kernels. (isaaa.org)
  • Based on the findings, thanatin expression in transgenic maize is an effective solution to address aflatoxin contamination. (isaaa.org)
  • Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens is the only book to bring you all of this information--22 chapters--in a single volume, compiled by specialists around the globe! (routledge.com)
  • Plants are constantly exposed to several pests and pathogens in nature. (frontiersin.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major impediment to successful therapy, and in several instances, bacterial strains have arisen that are refractory to most available antimicrobial treatments ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • can reduce the severity of plant diseases by inhibiting plant pathogens in the soil through their highly potent antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This review paper will focus on the plant-derived products as antimicrobial agents for use in food preservation and to control foodborne pathogens in foods. (hindawi.com)
  • Transformed plants with elevated levels of chloroplastic SOD are not more resistant to superoxide toxicity. (scielo.org.za)
  • We recently showed that some of these early lines feature enhanced blight resistance to levels intermediate between susceptible American chestnut and resistant Chinese chestnut (Newhouse et al. (esf.edu)
  • They have used this resistant form to engineer resistance to the herbicide in many plants. (openwetware.org)
  • Crucially, transgenic rice producing the engineered Pikp-1 variants was resistant to blast fungus isolates carrying AVR-PikC or AVR-PikF. (elifesciences.org)
  • Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E). These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to fomesafen, imazamethabenz-methyl, lactofen, and thifensulfuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E). (weedscience.org)
  • Studies on the mechanism of resistance of multiple resistant Redroot Pigweed from North Carolina indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site. (weedscience.org)
  • Phys.org) -- The discovery that more Western corn rootworms are resistant to the toxin contained in widely planted transgenic corn has sparked a warning that farmers must change tactics or lose a valuable management tool against a traditional corn pest. (phys.org)
  • Some transgenic lines even showed enhanced resistance to Rosellinia necatrix , a soil-borne pathogen causing root and crown rot in strawberry. (isaaa.org)
  • The University of Massachusetts Amherst has recognized Stockbridge Plant and Soil Sciences major Julietta Mascitelli with a Rising Researcher Award. (umass.edu)
  • Stockbridge plant pathologist and soil scientist Elsa Petit was selected as a Fellow for the university's Public Engagement Project. (umass.edu)
  • Phytoremediators, plants that are used to clean-up soil in contaminated areas, can remove heavy metals, arsenic, petroleum, TNT, and many other elements from toxic soil. (davidson.edu)
  • Lasat, 2000) Since this time, humans have exploited certain plants abilities to survive in contaminated areas and to assist in the removal of contaminants from soil. (davidson.edu)
  • Lasat, 2000) At this time it was recognized that certain species of plants could accumulate high levels of heavy metals from the soil while continuing to grow and proliferate normally. (davidson.edu)
  • Before transgenic corn was introduced about a decade ago, the insect was controlled with crop rotation or by applying insecticide to the soil at corn planting. (phys.org)
  • And nobody ever thought of what happens to the soil in which there are millions of other bacteria which thrive, many quite beneficial to the host plant. (vijayvaani.com)
  • He has interests in understanding how viruses can manipulate plant defence mechanisms and nucleolar machinery to facilitate replication and spread. (aab.org.uk)
  • His lab uses cell biology, including RNA in vivo imaging, molecular biology and biochemistry to investigate the mechanisms by which plant viruses spread through their host via intercellular nano-channels (plasmodesmata). (aab.org.uk)
  • Research on resistance mechanisms has been hindered by the lack of genomic resources for CEW. (usda.gov)
  • Lasat, 2000) Although research has been slow and tedious due to scientists incomplete understanding of the generalized cellular mechanisms of plants, the advent of new genetic technology has allowed scientists to determine the genetic basis for high rates of accumulation of toxic substances in plants. (davidson.edu)
  • Sr26 has been deployed in a number of Australian wheat cultivars since 1971 and has likely fulfilled the definition of durable resistance 17 . (nature.com)
  • While no effective HLB control methods or HLB resistance citrus cultivars have been commercialized, transgenic plant technologies have been recognized as a powerful tool to control the HLB disease. (springer.com)
  • The transgenic plants of both cultivars were evaluated for their efficacy against first, second and third instar CPB larvae. (potatobeetle.org)
  • Liqian Guo , Jiayu Wu , Rui Chen , Jian Hong , Xueping Zhou , Jianxiang Wu , 2020: Monoclonal Antibody-Based Serological Detection of Rice Stripe Mosaic Virus Infection in Rice Plants or Leafhoppers, Virologica Sinica, 35, 227-234. (virosin.org)
  • From there, many plant defensins have been reported and studies on this class of peptides encompass its activity toward microorganisms and molecular features of the mechanism of action against bacteria and fungi. (frontiersin.org)
  • Filamentous fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms in indoor and outdoor environments and acquire nutrients from a wide variety of substrates such as decaying plant matter or water-damaged building materials [1] . (cdc.gov)
  • Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E), and Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2). (weedscience.com)
  • One major limitation associated with existing protocols when used on economically important citrus species is likely low plant regeneration frequencies. (springer.com)
  • The effect of different media and various combinations of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on callus formation and shoot regeneration were investigated. (scialert.net)
  • To obtain plant material in reported methods for Cumin regeneration, seeds have to be germinated in vitro and then hypocotyls and cotyledon leaflets of seedlings used as explant. (scialert.net)
  • Plant regeneration from explants in a short period of time bypassing a long intermediate callus phase could reduce somaclonal variation (Skirvin et al . (scialert.net)
  • Drought and salinity stress severally affected in similar manner to plant and the leading cause of reduction in crop yield. (scielo.br)
  • Plants are being sessile in nature it can't move from one place to other places and contentiously exposed by extensive array of environmental stresses like as water deficit condition (drought), low temperature (cold), salt and high temperature (heat) etc. (scielo.br)
  • Plant stress including drought and salinity are widespread in various regions of the world, and existing constraints present at an agreed time. (scielo.br)
  • Two transformed lines could withstand drought in the greenhouse for two weeks longer than the untransformed plants and one week longer than two other transformed lines. (scielo.org.za)
  • Plants have long been adapting the traits necessary to survive in a wide variety of stressful environments including areas of high salinity, extreme heat, drought, and freezing temperatures - but now, using genetic modification, scientists have been able to expand the role that plants play in the environment. (davidson.edu)
  • Drought is often the most yield-limiting factor for plants. (scirp.org)
  • This paper will review the strategies used to create transgenic phytoremediators, the role these plants play in combating a stressed environment, and the advantages and disadvantages of using plants for bioremediation. (davidson.edu)
  • Being sessile in nature, plants have developed different strategies to adapt and grow under rapidly changing environments. (intechopen.com)
  • Basically, when this enzyme is inhibited, the plant dies. (openwetware.org)
  • Herbicide resistance is the most widely planted transgenic crop trait. (openwetware.org)
  • Protease inhibitors have been proposed as potential defense molecules for increased insect resistance in crop plants. (hebron.edu)
  • How Can Defensins have a Role in Plant Defense? (frontiersin.org)
  • The role of defensins in the preformed defense of plants is well reported. (frontiersin.org)
  • Leaf damage in hemizygous lines for these transformants was, however, more severe than in the controls, thus evidencing a compensation response of the larvae to the lower PI concentrations in these plants. (hebron.edu)
  • Genetically guided selection and transgenic modification of plant membrane transporters can help enhance crop yields and increase pathogen resistance. (biorxiv.org)
  • The work is of interest to colleagues in synthetic biology, protein engineering and plant-pathogen interactions. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although there have been much interest in developing transgenic sugarcane there are only three officially approved varieties for commercialization, all of them expressing insect-resistance and recently released in Brazil. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sr26 and Sr61 are each validated by transgenic complementation using endogenous and/or heterologous promoter sequences. (nature.com)
  • This plant can then be grown in abundance, and the field it's growing in can be sprayed with an herbicide containing glyphosate. (openwetware.org)
  • Tobacco plants that have been modified for glyphosate resistance are currently being used by farmers and the results of the resistance to the herbicide have been successful. (openwetware.org)
  • In North Carolina this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2020 and infests Soybean. (weedscience.org)
  • The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in North Carolina have been instrumental in providing you this information. (weedscience.org)
  • In a parallel situation, several weeds have evolved resistance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, a herbicide applied to millions of acres of corn and soybean. (phys.org)
  • Considers the use of host plant resistance through transgenics and induced systemic resistance as a part of biological control. (chipsbooks.com)
  • Due to increasing problems occurring from massive applications of pesticides, such as insect resistance to pesticides, the use of biotechnological tools to minimize losses from insect pests has become inevitable. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • That, in simple language, is the prime reason that while resistance to the American boll worm started faltering after three to four cotton crop seasons, other pests like the mealy bugs began to appear. (vijayvaani.com)
  • Issues in the Regulation of Genetically Engineered Plants and Animals (Washington, DC, 2004). (nature.com)
  • Plants show stress-specific regulation of transcription that affects their transcriptome under stress conditions. (intechopen.com)
  • WRKY transcription factors are essential to plant growth , development, resistance, and the regulation of metabolic pathways . (bvsalud.org)
  • Read the abstract at Transgenic Research journal. (isaaa.org)
  • Farmers may also rotate through transgenic seeds containing different Bt toxins. (phys.org)
  • Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma , in plant root colonization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The Bt protein produced by transgenic corn kills corn rootworms, says Cullen. (phys.org)
  • Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Phytoremediation of heavy metals from the environment serves as an excellent example of the process of plant-facilitated bioremediation and its role in removing environmental stress. (davidson.edu)
  • Lisa is currently the Head of Plant Pathology at Forest Research. (aab.org.uk)
  • In this way, we evaluated the effects of water deficit progress on AtDREB2A-CA transgenic cotton plant responses, driven by the stress-inducible rd29 promoter. (scirp.org)
  • In Brazil this weed first evolved resistance to Group 14 (Legacy E) herbicides in 2014 and infests Cotton, and Soybean. (weedscience.com)
  • Enhanced oxidative-stress defence in transgenic potato expressing tomato Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases. (scielo.org.za)
  • Here, we present how altered root traits shown by transgenic plants impacted on physiological acclimation responses when submitted to severe water stress. (scirp.org)
  • The last decade has seen remarkable advances in plant virological research, owing mainly to the rapid progress made in molecular biology and genetic engineering in recent years. (routledge.com)
  • Herein, is a review of the history of plant defensins since their discovery at the beginning of 90s, following the advances on its structure conformation and mechanism of action towards microorganisms is reported. (frontiersin.org)
  • Every 18 months the group organizes a 3-day conference 'Advances in Plant Virology' that encourages PhD students and early career scientists to take up and/or continue working on plant viruses. (aab.org.uk)
  • Furthermore, development of a notification process that focuses on plant ecology was an important step in effectively streamlining the field-testing process. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 2019-2021), responsible for overseeing plant health and biosecurity across the RHS including the development of plant health policies and standards, response preparedness, and the delivery of surveillance programmes. (aab.org.uk)
  • 1989). Genetic transformation may enable the development of transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to wilt diseases. (scialert.net)
  • However, true scientific study and development of these plants unique qualities was not conducted until the early 1980 s. (davidson.edu)
  • Therefore, scientists have been forced to become very creative in the development of effective transgenic phytoremediators. (davidson.edu)
  • Abiotic stress is the key cause of crop hammering globally, reducing average yields of most of the major crop plants. (scielo.br)
  • The world is facing global warming due to urbanizations and industrialization and in this concerns plants exposed continuously to abiotic stresses which is a major cause of crop hammering every year. (scielo.br)
  • Under the influence of abiotic stress plant change their molecular and physiological fine tuning and try to cope up and maintain the molecular and physiological disturbance which obtained from stress environment. (scielo.br)
  • An efficient genetic transformation protocol is a key step for using transgenic technologies to improve citrus quality, productivity, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses such as HLB. (springer.com)
  • Several reports show that defensins are an integral part of the plant innate immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since the beginning of the 90s lots of cationic plant, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been studied. (frontiersin.org)
  • With the growing consumer demand for natural preservatives to replace chemical compounds, plant antimicrobial compounds must be thoroughly investigated for their potential to serve as biopreservatives. (hindawi.com)
  • Production of this plant is limited due to several biotic stresses of which wilt diseases are the most serious. (scialert.net)
  • The main objective of this website is to discuss the impacts and risks associated with glyphosate resistance. (openwetware.org)
  • Here you'll find new and useful information about plant molecular virology and how the field can improve the world food situation in the coming years. (routledge.com)
  • Jens is a Lecturer in Plant Molecular Virology at the University of St Andrews and the James Hutton Institute, Dundee. (aab.org.uk)
  • 4. Takebe, I. (1983) Protoplasts in plant-virus research. (springer.com)
  • For more on the study, read the article in Transgenic Research . (isaaa.org)
  • He also has significant research portfolios in modifying plant virus structures for biotechnological purposes. (aab.org.uk)
  • Sabrina is a Research Scientist at Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification of the National Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-DC) in Rome, Italy. (aab.org.uk)
  • Since moving to Scotland in 2003, he has been working on plant virus cell-to-cell transport, first as a Marie Curie fellow at Edinburgh University and a postdoctoral researcher at the Scottish Crop research Institute (now James Hutton Institute), since 2012 as an independent research fellow in St Andrews. (aab.org.uk)
  • Mascitelli will graduate this May, having completed their own research project under the direct mentorship of Stockbridge professor and plant pathologist Elsa Petit. (umass.edu)
  • Throughout China's history, extensive research was conducted to learn the curative powers of plants. (hindawi.com)
  • Transgenic seeds are convenient because they allow the farmer to avoid buying and applying insecticide, and reducing the use of insecticides produces an environmental benefit. (phys.org)
  • As the threat of insect resistance grows, Cullen says, farmers and their advisors need to take the issue seriously, by planting the appropriate refuges and choosing seeds carefully based on knowledge of insect pest pressure on the farm. (phys.org)
  • If resistance arises, Cullen suggests rotating to other Bt corn traits, or using conventional seeds and insecticides. (phys.org)
  • However, genetic transformation of sugarcane is a very laborious process, which relies heavily on intensive and sophisticated tissue culture and plant generation procedures that must be optimized for each new genotype to be transformed. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)