Penicillin ResistancePenicillinsPenicillin GStreptococcus pneumoniaeDrug Resistance, MicrobialDrug Resistance, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPenicillin VMutationPneumococcal InfectionsPenicillin-Binding ProteinsDrug ResistanceMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidaseHexosyltransferasesPeptidyl TransferasesPoint MutationMutation, MissenseDrug Resistance, MultipleDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialPenicillinaseBacterial ProteinsPenicillin G ProcaineMolecular Sequence DataDisease ResistanceNeisseria gonorrhoeaePenicillin AmidaseDrug Resistance, NeoplasmGenes, BacterialPolymerase Chain ReactionDNA, BacterialBase SequencePlasmidsTetracycline ResistanceErythromycinPenicillin G BenzathineLactamsPlant Diseasesbeta-LactamasesTransformation, BacterialSerotypingMacrolidesTetracyclineR FactorsAminoacyltransferasesCarrier ProteinsSequence Analysis, DNADrug Resistance, ViralAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coliVascular ResistanceFrameshift MutationAmpicillinStreptococcal InfectionsTransformation, GeneticDNA Mutational AnalysisPhenotypeGenotypebeta-LactamsOxacillinCefotaximeConjugation, GeneticStreptococcusStaphylococcusGerm-Line MutationPedigreeElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldStaphylococcus aureusNasopharynxPneumococcal VaccinesChloramphenicol ResistanceDNA Transposable ElementsPolymorphism, Single-Stranded ConformationalHeterozygoteGenes, MDRMoraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalisGenes, PlantAllelesPneumonia, PneumococcalExonsCloning, MolecularChromosome MappingIntegronsStreptomycinBacteriabeta-Lactam ResistanceSpainCarrier StateDNA PrimersAmpicillin ResistanceImmunity, InnateCulture MediaMolecular EpidemiologyKanamycin ResistanceDrug Resistance, FungalP-GlycoproteinDNA FingerprintingRespiratory Tract InfectionsKanamycinCommunity-Acquired Infections