Resistance genes. Medical search. Frequent questions

The mcr-1 gene confers resistance to the polymyxins, including the antibiotic colistin, a medication of last resort for multidrug-resistant infections. (cdc.gov)
The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance represents a major global public health threat that has been estimated to endanger millions of lives and cost over $2 billion each year in the U.S. alone. (genengnews.com)
The new technique, known as Mobile-CRISPRi, harnesses the power of CRISPR interference-which blocks gene expression through the use of a catalytically inactive Cas9 protein (dCas9) and programmable single guide RNAs-allowing scientists to screen for antibiotic function in a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. (genengnews.com)
In the current study, the researchers showed that if they decreased the amount of protein targeted by an antibiotic, bacteria became much more sensitive to lower levels of the drug-evidence of an association between gene and drug. (genengnews.com)
Thousands of genes at a time can be screened as potential antibiotic targets this way, helping scientists learn how antibiotics work and how to improve them. (genengnews.com)
Plasmids can be transferred through direct physical contact between bacteria in a process known as conjugation, which helps bacteria share their antibiotic resistance genes with their neighbors. (asm.org)
Thus, the researchers hypothesized that P3 may be transferred from S. Typhimurium to diverse bacterial species in the mammalian gut environment, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance genes as it goes. (asm.org)
Experiment to check whether the recipient bacteria had any pre-existing antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
However, the researchers did not expect the plasmid to be transferred if there was no antibiotic pressure, as it would not directly benefit the bacteria to harbor resistance genes. (asm.org)
For example, the plasmid may carry unknown fitness benefits besides antibiotic resistance. (asm.org)
Friendly microbes in the intestinal tracts of healthy American children have numerous antibiotic resistance genes, according to results of a pilot study by scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Frequent exposure to antibiotics accelerates the spread of antibiotic resistance. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Despite the small sample size, the analysis identified 2,500 new antibiotic resistance genes, expanding the list of known antibiotic resistance genes by more than 30 percent. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Microbes have been battling each other for millennia, regularly inventing new antibiotic synthesis genes to kill off rivals and new antibiotic resistance genes to defend themselves,' Dantas says. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Instead of focusing either only on individual cultured organisms or computationally predicting functions from DNA sequences, researchers experimentally screen the DNA for specific functions, such as antibiotic resistance. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Dantas' primary research interest is the ecology and evolution of antibiotic resistance. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Scientists use the term resistome to refer to the collective antibiotic resistance genes of a microbial community. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
This study gives us a snapshot of antibiotic resistance genes at single points in different children's lives,' he says. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The gene encodes for an enzyme named EstT and is capable of 'turning off' or inactivating macrolides, a class of antibiotic drugs commonly used to treat disease in cattle and other livestock. (beefmagazine.com)
What the USask research team discovered is that this gene can break the ring structure of the antibiotic through hydrolysis (chemical reaction caused by water). (beefmagazine.com)
Once the team identified the gene, team members worked to clone it and test it against a panel of many antibiotic drugs from different classes. (beefmagazine.com)
Moreover, the higher frequency of antibiotic resistance among BC-resistant strains indicates that the presence of either resistance determinant selects for the other during antimicrobial therapy and disinfection in hospitals. (nofima.no)
According to a recent study published in Science, E. coli bacteria may be far more capable of developing antibiotic resistance than previously thought. (innovationtoronto.com)
E. coli bacteria may be far more capable at evolving antibiotic resistance than scientists previously thought, according to a new study. (innovationtoronto.com)
Shotgun metagenomics revealed a total of 112 different mobile antibiotic resistance gene types, conferring resistance against almost all classes of antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
The rise in antibiotic resistance is a serious growing problem for human health [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibiotic resistance gene distribution in Community and Hospital Isolates of Bacteroides spp. (cdc.gov)
The aim of present study was to identify the plasmid genes floR, cat and cmlA in Salmonella strains isolated from poultry using PCR method and also the determination of their phenicol antibiotic resistance profile. (ac.ir)
Conclusion: An increase in antibiotic resistance may indicate an overdose of unnecessary consumption antibiotics. (ac.ir)
A team of French investigators has discovered viruses containing genes for antibiotic resistance in a fossilized fecal sample from 14th century Belgium, long before antibiotics were used in medicine. (heritagedaily.com)
Among the genes found in the phage are antibiotic resistance genes and genes for resistance to toxic compounds. (heritagedaily.com)
Wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation still raises important public health issues regarding its safety, due to the increasing presence of emerging contaminants, such as antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes, in the treated effluents. (unl.pt)
Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes profiling of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates from some seafood collected at the aquatic environment and wet markets in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. (bvsalud.org)
Virulence and antibiotic resistance profiling of isolates were carried out using standard molecular and microbiology techniques . (bvsalud.org)
The multiple- antibiotic -resistance-index [MARI] for isolates ranges between 0 and 0.67 and 48% of the isolates have MARI that is >0.2 while 55% of the isolates exhibit MultiDrug Resistance Phenotypes . (bvsalud.org)
Environmental ecologist Helmut Bürgmann discusses the state of research on ways of mitigating antibiotic resistance in waterways. (nfp72.ch)
Waterways play a key role in the spread of antibiotic resistance in and through the environment. (nfp72.ch)
Researchers have detected antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria and a large variety of resistance genes in general in samples from toilets and sewage works at a German airport. (nfp72.ch)
It becomes even more difficult if we want to go beyond mere monitoring and clarify fundamental questions, such as which types of transport are responsible for spreading resistance in the environment, or how antibiotic combinations affect an ecosystem. (nfp72.ch)
Pathogens can persist on hospital surfaces and plumbing for months to years, acquire new antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, and initiate outbreaks of hospital-associated infections by spreading to patients via healthcare workers and visitors. (cdc.gov)
Advancements in next-generation sequencing of bacterial genomes and metagenomes have expanded our ability to (1) identify species and track distinct strains, (2) comprehensively profile antibiotic resistance genes, and (3) resolve the mobile elements that facilitate intra- and intercellular gene transfer. (cdc.gov)
Where are antibiotic resistance genes located? (lifeeasy.org)
Source of antibiotic resistance genes for human pathogens. (lifeeasy.org)
Evidence for wastewaters as environments where mobile antibiotic resistance genes emerge. (janusinfo.se)

US scientists report that they have produced a gene-edited calf with reduced susceptibility to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an innovation they say could potentially reduce antimicrobial use in cattle. (umn.edu)
The most successful version of the future that I can see is one where we don't have to deal with antimicrobial resistance because we just don't use that many antimicrobials. (umn.edu)
Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan have discovered how a previously overlooked gene is involved in antimicrobial resistance - a growing global issue that threatens the health and welfare of both humans and animals. (beefmagazine.com)
Antibiotics are becoming less effective due to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. (beefmagazine.com)
Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) - mobile genetic elements that can pass between microorganisms - help to accelerate resistance. (beefmagazine.com)
Ruzzini says that his team found the gene in a cluster with three other ARGs - the first clue that it could be involved in antimicrobial resistance. (beefmagazine.com)
This week, in ABP Live's science column, we explain the impact of antimicrobial resistance on livestock and plant agriculture, how this affects humans, and what must be done to combat the threat. (innovationtoronto.com)
Its inborn resistance to many antimicrobial agents and its ability to develop multidrug resistance imposes a serious therapeutic issue. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
The selective pressure imposed by the incorrect use of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine promotes the spread of antimicrobial resistance. (ac.ir)
In an interview, Helmut Bürgmann, chief organiser of the HEARD (Halting Antimicrobial Resistance Dissemination in Aquatic Environments) conference and NRP 72 researcher, reflects optimistically about specific approaches to solutions that science will be able to deliver relatively quickly - provided the political will is there. (nfp72.ch)
At the HEARD conference, you and your colleagues from all over the world conferred for four days about the current state of knowledge of antimicrobial resistance in water systems. (nfp72.ch)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains an alarming public health threat worldwide. (who.int)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
Towards monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in the environment: For what reasons, how to implement it, and what are the data needs? (janusinfo.se)

Moreover, the system reduces the production of protein from targeted genes, allowing researchers to identify how antibiotics inhibit the growth of pathogens. (genengnews.com)
Gene also present in pathogens that are responsible for causing bovine respiratory disease. (beefmagazine.com)
Ruzzini says scientists have previously identified the existence of this gene that's commonly found in many animal pathogens and their microbiomes, but its purpose remained a mystery. (beefmagazine.com)
This gene, even though we found it in an environmental organism, it is also present in pathogens that are responsible for causing bovine respiratory disease (BRD),' says Ruzzini. (beefmagazine.com)
Genetic resistance is a cost-effective, efficient and environmentally safe approach for protecting crops such as canola against various pathogens, including the blackleg-causing fungus, L. maculans , that does not respond to late-applied foliar fungicides. (canolacouncil.org)
In the present study, a new approach to potentially offer a durable and broad-spectrum disease resistance towards D. solani and some other pathogens is explored. (slu.se)
This in turn would help to better understand the development of resistance in pathogens and to prepare surveillance and control measures to reduce their dissemination. (biomedcentral.com)
Because resistance is not only spread by pathogens but also by other bacteria. (nfp72.ch)

Plasmids can be transferred between bacteria, potentially spreading the resistance gene to other bacterial species. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria with the mcr-1 gene were not detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction in any specimen, indicating that the patient and family members were not colonized with bacteria carrying mcr-1 . (cdc.gov)
Once a single bacterium mutates to become resistant to antibiotics, it can transfer that resistance to other bacteria around it through a process known as horizontal gene transfer. (asm.org)
One of the main vehicles for gene transfer among bacteria are small circular pieces of DNA, or plasmids. (asm.org)
As S. Typhimurium frequently encounters gut bacteria, plasmid sharing, and the spread of resistance genes, is a real concern. (asm.org)
Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
Bacteria with similar genes also had been reported in isolates from Malaysia, a development the researchers called "deeply concerning. (medscape.com)
Neither approach relies on the host-bacteria being cultivable, but both largely lack the ability to differentiate between mobilized and non-mobilized genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Regarding the high percentage of resistance of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the antibiotics of the ESBL, the accurate performance of antibiogram tests before the prescription of antibiotics seems to be an unavoidable necessity in the treatment of infections resulted from these bacteria. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Both toxins and antibiotics are common in nature, and Desnues suggests that the resistance genes may simply be protecting the gut bacteria from them. (heritagedaily.com)
The obtained results showed high concentrations of total bacteria and target carbapenem and (fluoro)quinolone resistance genes (bla KPC , bla OXA-48 , bla NDM , bla IMP , bla VIM , qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) not only in the discharged, but also in the reused, effluent samples, which suggests that their use may not be entirely safe. (unl.pt)
Nevertheless, the applied nanofiltration treatment achieved removal rates superior to 98% for the total bacteria and 99.99% for all the target resistance genes present in both DNA and extracellular DNA fractions, with no significant differences for these microbiological parameters between the nanofiltered and the control tap water samples. (unl.pt)
So we need a broader picture of resistant bacteria in order to understand the development and spread of resistance in the environment. (nfp72.ch)

The researchers developed a new CRISPR tool to study which genes are targeted by particular antibiotics, providing clues on how to improve existing drug compounds or develop new ones. (genengnews.com)
The genes are cause for concern because they can be shared with harmful microbes, interfering with the effectiveness of antibiotics in ways that can contribute to serious illness and, in some cases, death. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The scientists identified the new resistance genes by testing intestinal microbial DNA from the children against 18 antibiotics. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
He adds that once the gene destroys the antibiotic's structure, the drug is no longer able to work as effectively in treating an illness: 'Inactivation is concerning because it reduces the effective amount of antibiotics that are being delivered during an infection. (beefmagazine.com)
The frequencies of resistance to a range of antibiotics were significantly higher among BC-resistant staphylococci than among BC-sensitive staphylococci. (nofima.no)
According to the resistance to antibiotics, isolates were classified into 41 groups. (medicaljournal-ias.org)
This organism is the most common opportunistic pathogen with an innate resistance to many antibiotics. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Resistance of this bacterium against different antibiotics has been reported from various regions. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
The purpose of this study was to clarify the presence of resistance genes to ESBL antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from different parts of Tonekabon Shahid Rajai hospital in North of Iran using PCR technique. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
the strains showed different levels of resistance to antibiotics including, 42.8% to Tobramycin, 20% to Ceftazidime, and 2.8% to Imipenem. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
One or more V. cholerae isolates exhibited intermediate or resistance against each of the eighteen panels of antibiotics used but 100% of the V. mimicus were susceptible to amikacin , gentamycin and chloramphenicol . (bvsalud.org)

Susceptibility genes encode products that are required for the pathogen's survival or proliferation, thus making a plant more susceptible to disease development. (slu.se)
By silencing the homologs of the susceptibility gene Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (DMR6) in diploid DM1- 3516 R44 and tetraploid Desirée background using RNA interference, an enhanced resistance was anticipated. (slu.se)
Mlo genes encode for susceptibility factors and are therefore called susceptibility genes (S‐genes). (fmach.it)
Loss‐of‐function mutations in these genes lead to lack of susceptibility, which means resistance. (fmach.it)
New research from Australia suggests that a horse's breed ancestry rather than his body condition may account for his susceptibility to insulin resistance, as well as associated health problems such as laminitis. (equusmagazine.com)

The first gene being tested in transgenic American chestnut encodes an enzyme called oxalate oxidase . (esf.edu)
The study, led by researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, focused on a plasmid that encodes resistance genes for streptomycin and sulfonamides, called P3 for short. (asm.org)
This gene encodes the protein FIC1, also known as ATP8B1. (medscape.com)
PFIC2 is caused by a mutation in the ABCB11 gene on chromosome 2q24 that encodes the bile salt export pump (BSEP). (medscape.com)

Since genetic dissection of genes within alien segments in wheat was not possible due to lack of recombination, the question arose as to whether the apparent durability of such resistances might be due to multiple genes rather than a single gene. (nature.com)
Research at East Malling Research (EMR) in the United Kingdom reveals that the cultivated strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa ) has plentiful genetic markers which can help track genes that can be used to develop varieties with higher resistance to wilt ( Verticillium dahliae ). (isaaa.org)
Molecular and genetic studies indicated different structural arrangements of blaZ and qacA/B, including variable intergenic distances and transcriptional directions of the two genes on the same plasmid within the strains. (nofima.no)
Researchers spent nearly four years trying to identify the location of the Sr35 gene in the wheat genome, which contains nearly two times more genetic information than the human genome. (innovationtoronto.com)
Using the pepper (Capsicum annuum)/Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus) pathosystem, we aimed at identifying plant genetic factors directly affecting the frequency of virus adaptation to the major resistance gene pvr23 and at comparing them with genetic factors affecting quantitative resistance. (datadryad.org)
Surprisingly, a genetic trade-off was observed between the durability of PVY resistance controlled by pvr23 and the spectrum of the resistance against different potyviruses. (datadryad.org)
Genetic mapping of the blackleg resistance gene Rlm11 has been completed, Rlm11 has been incorporated into a spring-type B. napus lines. (canolacouncil.org)
This four-year project aimed to address these issues by completing the genetic mapping of the blackleg resistance gene Rlm11, incorporating Rlm11 from the winter-type B. rapa to a spring-type B. napus , and generating molecular markers linked to Rlm11. (canolacouncil.org)
Therefore, the researcher team completed the genetic mapping of blackleg resistance gene Rlm11. (canolacouncil.org)
Researchers have completed the genetic mapping of the blackleg resistance gene Rlm11 and successfully developed Topas-Rlm11 introgression lines. (canolacouncil.org)
CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms account for most of the variation in clopidogrel activation due to genetic factors. (medlineplus.gov)
Codominance means that two different versions of the gene are active (expressed), and both versions influence the genetic trait. (medlineplus.gov)
Among the investigated mobile genetic elements, class 1 integrons (11% relative abundance to 16S rRNA genes) were the most abundant. (biomedcentral.com)
Certain common changes (polymorphisms) in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes account for most of the variation in warfarin metabolism due to genetic factors. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, instead of breeding for many years to move a disease resistance gene from a wild strawberry into a modern strawberry, gene editing allows a direct introduction of the genetic information. (ufl.edu)
By using CRISPR technology, these genes or gene variants can be moved into desirable genetic backgrounds that can be further moved via conventional crossing in later generations. (ufl.edu)
IGF-I deficiency can be the result of GH resistance or insensitivity due to genetic disorders of the GH receptor causing GH receptor deficiency (growth hormone receptor deficiency [GHRD], Laron syndrome) or postreceptor defects, including the principal transduction agent STAT5b, the IGF-I/IGFBP3 stabilizer acid labile subunit (ALS), the IGF-I gene, or the IGF-I receptor. (medscape.com)
Despite their genetic distinctiveness, PFIC1 and PFIC2 have few clinical differences, and both are caused by the absence of a gene product required for canalicular export and bile formation. (medscape.com)
PFIC1 is caused by a genetic mutation in the ATP8B1 gene on chromosome 18q21-22. (medscape.com)

The mcr-1 gene was first reported in 2015 in food, animal, and patient isolates from China ( 1 ) and is notable for being the first plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism to be identified. (cdc.gov)
Indeed, a recent study using another broad host range resistance plasmid showed that it can have a wide range of effects across different recipient strains, with some gaining a fitness benefit by maintaining the plasmid. (asm.org)

Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)

The donor was theCIMMYT breeding line PMBWIR4, and each of the target genes was marked by a simple PCR assay. (cgiar.org)
In order to reduce the cost of testing, a multiplex ddPCR assay of two target genes, pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2, was validated. (researchsquare.com)
RIViT-seq technology could speed up associating transcription factors with their target genes. (doe.gov)

Then the presence of resistance genes (cmlA, cat and floR) were identified using PCR method. (ac.ir)

While changes in specific genes, particularly CYP2C9 and VKORC1 , affect how the body reacts to warfarin, many other factors, including sex, age, weight, diet, and other medications, also play a role in the body's interaction with this drug. (medlineplus.gov)

It is, thus, plausible that hospital wastewaters could provide opportunities to find novel carbapenemases and other resistance genes not yet described in clinical strains. (biomedcentral.com)
2012. To determine the resistance of strains, antibiogram test was performed by the disk diffusion method. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Of total 35 studied strains, PstS, and blaoxa -50 genes were observed, in 35 (100%) and 34 (97.1%) strains, respectively. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

One especially versatile gastrointestinal pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, is particularly interesting for studies on resistance gene sharing because it forms so-called persister reservoirs in its hosts. (asm.org)

Moreover, amplification of the P . falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase 1 ( pfgch1 ) GCN is linked to upregulation of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ( pfdhfr ) and P . falciparum dihydropteroate synthase ( pfdhps ) genes, which are associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Southeast Asia [ 9 , 10 ]. (researchsquare.com)

At the time of this project, 19 resistance (R) genes in Brassica have been identified (named as Rlm or LepR) that confer resistance to various isolates of L. maculans with matching Avirulence (Avr) genes. (canolacouncil.org)

Mutational genomics and targeted exome capture identify Sr26 and Sr61 as separate single genes that encode unrelated (34.8%) nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat proteins. (nature.com)

Additionally, people who have more than one polymorphism in a gene or polymorphisms in multiple genes associated with warfarin sensitivity have a lower tolerance for the drug's effect or take even longer to clear the drug from their body. (medlineplus.gov)

Although young PTG heterozygous mice initially demonstrate normal glucose tolerance, progressive glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance develop with aging. (jci.org)
Insulin resistance in older PTG heterozygous mice correlates with a significant increase in muscle triglyceride content, with a corresponding attenuation of insulin receptor signaling. (jci.org)
Having NTS rs2234762 predicted less pronounced insulin resistance at the 6.5-year follow-up with OR: 0.46 (0.216-0.983), at the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and BMI. (lu.se)
In conclusion, the NTS rs2234762 gene variant is a determinant of reduced circulating pro-NT levels in overweight and obese children, which predisposes this group to a more favorable metabolic profile and a reduced insulin resistance later in life, independently from metabolic confounders. (lu.se)
Fat oxidation, fitness and skeletal muscle expression of oxidative/lipid metabolism genes in South Asians: implications for insulin resistance? (gla.ac.uk)
Research from Australia suggests that certain breeds may be more susceptible to insulin resistance and other health issues. (equusmagazine.com)
Elevated insulin levels, insulin resistance and increased risk of laminitis have all been linked to obesity, and horses with these characteristics are said to have "equine metabolic syndrome" (EMS). (equusmagazine.com)
This is insulin resistance. (equusmagazine.com)
This means that some horses may be prone to insulin resistance and associated laminitis even without outward signs of EMS. (equusmagazine.com)
Previously, it was thought that it may just be obesity that caused insulin resistance," says Bailey. (equusmagazine.com)

In this study, we developed a single genome sequencing assay of the full-length HIV-1 pol gene and used it to investigate the development and linkage of drug resistance mutations in sequential samples from two patients failing INSTI-containing salvage therapy. (ucl.ac.uk)
however, the genome location of the gene and associated markers were unknown, and incorporation of Rlm11 from B. rapa is challenging and time-consuming for canola breeders. (canolacouncil.org)
By means of a bioinformatic approach, we looked for mlo‐like genes in apple genome and we tested their expression after inoculation with Podosphaera leucotricha. (fmach.it)
Using this new technique, we can cut a strawberry's genome at a desired location so that existing genes can be removed or added. (ufl.edu)

Oct. 13, 2021 For the past fifteen years, cancer researchers have been using DNA sequencing technology to identify the gene mutations that cause the different forms of cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
However, little data is available on the evolution, interaction and linkage of drug resistance mutations throughout the pol gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Different phylogenetic methods were used to explore the evolution and dynamics of drug resistance mutations in the full-length HIV-1 pol gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Our data indicate that the development of drug resistance mutations in IN is complex and is a fine balance between attaining high levels of drug resistance and decent replicative fitness. (ucl.ac.uk)
This is to a degree influenced by mutations in other regions of the HIV-1 pol gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Molecular surveillance is needed not only for the detection of mutations to the P . falciparum kelch gene, which are associated with artemisinin resistance [ 3 ], but also molecular markers associated with the efficacy of other antimalarial drugs. (researchsquare.com)

Aug. 20, 2019 Like many women who develop a particular type of breast cancer, the same gene -- HER2 -- also appears to be the cause of lung cancer in many dogs. (sciencedaily.com)
July 11, 2019 Targeted drugs for breast and lung cancer could be used together to overcome resistance to treatment in several different tumour types, a new study shows. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, the CNVs of genes of field samples collected from Thailand from 2015 to 2019 (n = 84) were assessed by ddPCR and results were compared to qPCR as the reference assay. (researchsquare.com)

are an important worldwide pest of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Molecular markers linked to the Javanese root-knot nematode (M. javanica) resistance gene mj in cucumber may aid marker assisted selection. (scielo.br)
One-hundred AFLP (EcoRI-MseI) and 112 SRAP were used to screen resistant and susceptible parents for polymorphisms to develop molecular markers linked to the mj gene. (scielo.br)
The results indicated that these markers should be useful to develop molecular markers flanking the mj gene. (scielo.br)
Yet, for educated R gene deployment, molecular knowledge of the corresponding avirulence ( Avr ) gene is essential. (wur.nl)
Sometimes molecular methods can be used to detect specific resistance genes. (msdmanuals.com)

The study also demonstrates that the microbiota of hospital wastewater can serve as a reservoir of novel resistance genes, including previously uncharacterized carbapenemases with the potential to spread further. (biomedcentral.com)
Our evidence demonstrates that bacteriophages represent an ancient reservoir of resistance genes and that this dates at least as far back as the Middle Ages," says Desnues. (heritagedaily.com)

The team's study, "Identification of Wheat Gene Sr35 that Confers Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust Race Group," appears in the journal Science. (innovationtoronto.com)
Until now, however, we did not know what kind of gene confers resistance to Ug99 in this wheat accession. (innovationtoronto.com)

Once the researchers narrowed the list of candidate genes, they used two complimentary approaches to find the Sr35 gene. (innovationtoronto.com)

Marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) was used to transfer the three stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici)resistant genes Sr25, SrWeb and Sr50 into the popular Indian wheat cv. (cgiar.org)

The gene that confers colistin resistance is called mcr-1 . (medscape.com)

However, the emergence and spread of resistance to ACTs and related drugs have resulted in poor curative rates, especially in Southeast Asia [ 1-5 ]. (researchsquare.com)

Since its discovery, the mcr-1 gene has been reported from Africa, Asia, Europe, South America, and North America ( 2 , 3 ), including the United States, where it has been identified in Escherichia coli isolated from three patients and from two intestinal samples from pigs ( 2 , 4 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate ddPCR assays for detection of the CNVs of P. falciparum genes associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs. (researchsquare.com)
There were no significant differences between the GCN results obtained from uniplex andmultiplex ddPCR assays for detection of CNVs in the pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2 genes ( p = 0.363 and 0.330, respectively). (researchsquare.com)
Based on the obtained gene copy number quantification limit, the accuracy and percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) value of the multiplex ddPCR assay were 95% and 5%, respectively, for detection of the CNV of the pfmdr1 gene, and 91% and 5% for detection of the CNV of the pfplasmepsin2 gene. (researchsquare.com)
The results suggested that multiplex ddPCR assay is the optional assay for the accurate detection of gene copy number without requiring calibration standards, while the cost and required time are reduced. (researchsquare.com)
The developed ddPCR assays are simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective tools for detection of the CNVs in the pfmdr1 , pfplasmepsin2 and pfgch1 genes of P. falciparum . (researchsquare.com)
This leads to accurate detection of both known and previously undescribed resistance genes in genomic and metagenomic sequence data. (biomedcentral.com)
Especially in human medicine, many new and simple testing tools are currently being developed for rapid detection of resistance. (nfp72.ch)
Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. (cimmyt.org)

These early trees contain the wheat oxalate oxidase gene controlled by a vascular promoter, meaning the enzyme is predominantly present in the stem tissues where infections occur. (esf.edu)
There is also evidence that the gene may have established a foothold in the United States, where at least two cases of patients with colistin-resistant infections have occurred. (medscape.com)
IFNs, produced during viral infections, induce the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). (st-andrews.ac.uk)

The CYP2C19 gene is particularly important for the activation of clopidogrel, and certain common variations (polymorphisms) in this gene have been associated with clopidogrel resistance. (medlineplus.gov)
Polymorphisms in other genes likely have smaller effects on clopidogrel activation. (medlineplus.gov)
The two most common CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms associated with clopidogrel resistance (known as CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 ) result in the production of a nonfunctional CYP2C19 enzyme that cannot convert clopidogrel to its active form. (medlineplus.gov)
Polymorphisms in other genes, some of which have not been identified, have a smaller effect on warfarin metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)
Several CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms decrease the activity of the CYP2C9 enzyme and slow the body's metabolism of warfarin. (medlineplus.gov)
Certain VKORC1 gene polymorphisms decrease the amount of functional VKORC1 enzyme available to help activate clotting proteins. (medlineplus.gov)

The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)

Scientists from Nigde Omer Halisdemir University in Turkey successfully stacked insecticidal genes in potatoes to confer effective resistance against the Colorado potato beetle. (isaaa.org)
It identifies the stem rust resistance gene named Sr35, and appears alongside a study from an Australian group that identifies another effective resistance gene called Sr33. (innovationtoronto.com)
Rlm11 markers and Topas-Rlm11 introgression lines will allow canola breeders to offer a new and effective resistance gene to farmers. (canolacouncil.org)

Using gene-specific markers, we validate the presence of both genes on a single recombinant alien segment developed in wheat. (nature.com)
The relationship between resistance-associated markers and wilt resistance genes will allow scientists to "pyramid" genes in the cultivated varieties to combat wilt. (isaaa.org)
Two markers were identified that flanked the mj gene at distance of 16.3 and 19.3 cM. (scielo.br)
Canola cultivars with Rlm11 combined with the blackleg race determination markers developed in this project will enable canola farmers to continue to effectively control the blackleg disease in the future when new varieties incorporate Rlm11 resistance. (canolacouncil.org)
We also need to know the precise markers that signal clinically relevant resistance. (nfp72.ch)
Our data have provided evidence for a comparable prediction of clinical outcome in CMF-treated breast cancer patients using conventional clinical variables and gene expression based markers. (lu.se)

The co-location of these genes on a small non-recombinogenic segment simplifies their deployment as a gene stack and potentially enhances their resistance durability. (nature.com)
The NT gene (NTS) was sequenced for potential functional variants, evaluating its entire genomic and potentially regulatory regions, in DNA from 28 individuals, stratified by low and high pro-NT levels. (lu.se)
Results of the study indicate that stacking of genes in potato plants can potentially control the infestation of Colorado potato beetle. (isaaa.org)

A gene that is 'revving the engine of cancer' against the world's most common breast cancer drug has been discovered by scientists. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists in Salford, UK, have identified a gene which is 'revving the engine of cancer' against the world's most common breast cancer drug. (sciencedaily.com)
In a proof-of-concept paper published yesterday in PNAS Nexus , a team led by scientists with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service describe how they used CRISPR gene-editing technology to produce a live calf with a six amino acid substitution in the BVDV binding domain of CD46, the main cellular receptor for BVDV. (umn.edu)
The scientists edited cattle skin cells to develop embryos carrying the altered gene, then transplanted the embryos into surrogate cows. (umn.edu)
From 16 to 19 September, over 40 international scientists met in Ascona to discuss measures to mitigate resistance in this area. (nfp72.ch)

Consequently, there is an ongoing need to expand resistance resources and to enhance gene stewardship through co-deployment of multiple resitance (R) genes, rather than single genes, to increase resistance durability. (nature.com)
The combination of major resistance genes with quantitative resistance factors is hypothesized as a promising breeding strategy to preserve the durability of resistant cultivar, as recently observed in different pathosystems. (datadryad.org)
Three of the four QTLs controlling pvr23 breakdown frequency were also involved in quantitative resistance, strongly suggesting that QTLs controlling quantitative resistance have a pleiotropic effect on the durability of the major resistance gene. (datadryad.org)
With the first mapping of QTLs directly affecting resistance durability, this study provides a rationale for sustainable resistance breeding. (datadryad.org)
A particular kind of resistance to this pathogen, characterized by durability, broad‐spectrum effectiveness and recessive inheritance, was obtained for the first time in a barley mlo mutant. (fmach.it)

This particular gene comes from wheat, and it is also found in many grass species. (esf.edu)
Grass species related to wheat carry sources of resistance that can be transferred to wheat. (nature.com)
Mlo genes have been found and studied in many plant species, including several crops, while there are no studies on fruit trees yet. (fmach.it)
Previous works on different species (tomato, arabidopsis, grape) show how the expression levels of some of the Mlo genes increased in response to the inoculation with the pathogen. (fmach.it)
Wild Solanum species provide a valuable resource of resistance ( R ) genes. (wur.nl)

Copy number variations (CNVs) of the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ), P. falciparum pfplasmepsin2 ( pfplasmepsin2 ) and P. falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase 1 ( pfgch1 ) genes are associated with antimalarial drug resistance in P. falciparum malaria. (researchsquare.com)
An increase in the P . falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ) GCN is associated with mefloquine resistance [ 6 ], while an increase in the P . falciparum plasmepsin2 ( pfplasmepsin2 ) GCN is associated with piperaquine resistance [ 7 , 8 ]. (researchsquare.com)

Results showed that the transgenic plants with cry3A + SN-19 and OCII + SN-19 gene combinations had high resistance to Colorado potato beetle, showing 100% mortality of all insects in larval and adult stages. (isaaa.org)
Transgenic potato lines expressing hairpin RNAi construct of molting-associated EcR gene exhibit enhanced resistance against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say). (potatobeetle.org)
The present study focused on silencing of highly specific molting-associated Ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) using RNA interference (RNAi) approach. (potatobeetle.org)

The oxalate oxidase gene is also being tested by several other researchers to enhance pathogen tolerance in plant systems such as peanut , soybean , sunflower , and oilseed rape and also to possibly increase salt tolerance in tomato . (esf.edu)
Eduard Akhunov , associate professor of plant pathology at Kansas State University , and his colleague, Jorge Dubcovsky from the University of California-Davis , led a research project that identified a gene that gives wheat plants resistance to one of the most deadly races of the wheat stem rust pathogen - called Ug99 - that was first discovered in Uganda in 1999. (innovationtoronto.com)
Further we are silencing mlo‐like genes using a RNA interference approach, in order to deprive the pathogen of its target and, therefore, to obtain resistance. (fmach.it)

Gram negative isolates showed high resistance rate of 73.1% to ampicillin and 65.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while Gram-positive isolates showed high resistant rate of 94.1% to penicillin. (who.int)

For far too long, researchers have lacked the essential tools to connect the dots between pathogenic genes and phenotypes. (genengnews.com)

Gene editing technology can be used to almost surgically adjust the gene or genes behind that deleterious trait. (ufl.edu)

Also the phenotypical resistance to chloramphenicol and florphenicol, were 6/6% and 5% respectively. (ac.ir)

Third, there is a very simple enzyme assay that can detect the presence of this gene in any chestnut tree, and thereby making blight tolerant trees easy to identify and follow in a restoration program. (esf.edu)
The CYP2C19 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that is found primarily in liver cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Some people with clopidogrel resistance have a reduced ability to convert the drug to its active form because of a polymorphism in one copy of the CYP2C19 gene that results in decreased enzyme activity. (medlineplus.gov)
The CYP2C9 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that breaks down various substances in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
The VKORC1 gene provides instructions for making a vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)

this is the fourth isolate from a U.S. patient to contain the mcr-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
Here, we isolate from wheat, Sr26 and Sr61 , with both genes independently introduced as alien chromosome introgressions from tall wheat grass ( Thinopyrum ponticum ). (nature.com)

Normally, the CRISPR system gets targeted to a gene where it cuts the DNA in two. (genengnews.com)
This approach is known as 'CRISPR' gene editing. (ufl.edu)
We anticipate that, over the next decade, CRISPR and other gene editing techniques will be used to rapidly develop elite strawberry varieties with improved disease resistance, fruit quality, and other valuable attributes. (ufl.edu)
What is CRISPR gene editing? (ufl.edu)
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is one form of gene editing that can be used to precisely modify a gene of interest without otherwise compromising the favorable traits of an elite variety (Rani et al. (ufl.edu)
Does CRISPR gene editing = transgenic technology? (ufl.edu)
We published another article about CRISPR gene editing in crop improvement ( https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HS1334 ). (ufl.edu)

We also showed that IFN-α treatment of ISG15-deficient cells led to significant inhibition of global protein synthesis, leading us to ask whether resistance was due to the direct antiviral activity of ISGs or whether cells were nonpermissive because of translation defects. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
However, resistance could be induced if cells were pretreated with IFN-α for longer times, presumably because of inhibition of protein synthesis. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
The most critical of these proteins is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), which couples GH binding to the activation of gene expression that leads to the intracellular effects of GH, including synthesis of IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and ALS. (medscape.com)

The rs2234762 polymorphism, sited in the NTS gene promoter, was statistically more frequent in the lowest pro-NTS level group. (lu.se)

The re-emergence of stem rust on wheat in Europe and Africa is reinforcing the ongoing need for durable resistance gene deployment. (nature.com)
This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)

Vibrio cholerae exhibited relatively high resistance against polymyxin , ampicillin and amoxicillin / clavulanate while V. mimicus isolates exhibited relatively high resistance against nitrofurantoin , ampicillin and polymixin. (bvsalud.org)

Can members of the microflora serve as reservoirs of resistance genes? (cdc.gov)

It is not associated with gluten found in wheat, but it is a natural defense gene that helps protect wheat from disease. (esf.edu)
derived Sr gene, Sr61 (previously designated SrB ), was identified in South African wheat accession W3757, which carries a 6Ae#3 (6D) chromosome substitution 16 . (nature.com)
Sr26 has been deployed in a number of Australian wheat cultivars since 1971 and has likely fulfilled the definition of durable resistance 17 . (nature.com)
Until that point, wheat breeders had two or three genes that were so efficient against stem rust for decades that this disease wasn't the biggest concern," Akhunov said. (innovationtoronto.com)
As a first line of defense, wheat breeders and researchers began looking for resistance genes among those that had already been discovered in the existing germplasm repositories, he said. (innovationtoronto.com)
The Sr35 gene was one of those genes that was discovered in einkorn wheat grown in Turkey," Akhunov said. (innovationtoronto.com)
To identify the resistance gene Sr35, the team turned to einkorn wheat that is known to be resistant to the Ug99 fungal strain. (innovationtoronto.com)

Field surveys across western Canadian canola farms found that blackleg races with the avirulence (Avr) gene AvrLm11 were highly prevalent at greater than 95 percent of fields across the Prairies. (canolacouncil.org)

However, the subsequent appearance of new, diverse virulent isolates means that most of these cloned Sr genes have been overcome by at least one Pgt race within and/or beyond the Ug99 lineage. (nature.com)
However, tight rotations and new virulent isolates of L. maculans have likely led to resistance breakdown, creating a need for new sources of R genes. (canolacouncil.org)

A multiplex ddPCR assay was developed to detect the CNVs in the pfmdr1 and pfplasmepsin2 genes, while a duplex ddPCR assay was developed to detect CNV in the pfgch1 gene. (researchsquare.com)
The ddPCR assay is a useful additional tool for the surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
Cefoxitin (30g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance ( mec A) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. (who.int)

Specific primers were used to detect the presence of the studied genes, and the PCR technique was applied to amplify the above genes. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms54

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes84

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science4

Health Care5

Antibiotic44

Antimicrobial14

Pathogens8

Bacteria13

Antibiotics11

Susceptibility5

Encodes4

Genetic19

Plasmid2

Microbiome1

Target genes3

Presence of resistance genes1

Changes in specific genes1

Strains3

Salmonella1

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance1

Confer Resistance1

Encode1

Multiple genes1

Insulin resistance10

Genome4

Mutations6

20193

Molecular5

Reservoir2

Confers resistance2

Candidate genes1

Resistant genes1

Colistin resistance1

Spread of resistance1

Escherichia1

Detection8

Infections3

Polymorphisms6

Microbial1

Effective resistance3

Markers6

Potentially3

Scientists5

Durability5

Species5

Multidrug resistance2

Colorado Potato3

Pathogen3

Isolates showed1

Phenotypes1

Deleterious1

Chloramphenicol1

Enzyme5

Isolate2

CRISPR7

Synthesis3

Polymorphism1

Africa2

High resistance1

Reservoirs1

Wheat7

Blackleg1

Virulent isolates2

Assay3

Detect1