• States have reported antibiotic resistance of the outbreak strain to several clinically useful drugs including ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cephalothin, and tetracycline. (cdc.gov)
  • showed 100% resistance to erythromycin and high resistance rates ( 75%) to ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. (who.int)
  • It was revealed that E. coli extracted from Indian River Lagoon had a higher resistance to piperacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as compared to isolates from Charleston Harbor area. (universityobserver.ie)
  • The disks used were: amoxicillin-clavu- lanic acid 30 µg, cephalothin 30µg, enrofloxacin 30µg, gentamicin 10µg, and tetracycline 30 µg. (scirp.org)
  • The percent susceptibility to antimicrobials ranged from 85.5% to 100% for S. aureus, 22.2% to 88.9% for coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), and 69.2% to 100% for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), with the highest resistance frequencies for penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. (embrapa.br)
  • When the 34 S. aureus isolates were subjected to the antibiotics susceptibility test toward eleven different antibiotics, the results declared that all the isolates were totally resistance to penicillin, vancomycin, cephalothin, gentamicin and tetracycline, but completely susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, novobiocin and rifampicin. (wjpr.net)
  • Soil and clinical isolates were evaluated for virulence-associated protein antigen plasmids (VapAP) and resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics penicillin G and cephalothin. (avma.org)
  • The beta-lactamase could hydrolyze both penicillin antibiotics including ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, and carbenicillin as well as cephalosporin antibiotics including nitrocefin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cefoperazone. (lu.se)
  • Resistance against β-lactam agents can occur via (i) mutation or expression of alternative penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) as the drug target, (ii) downregulation of porins to reduce the bacterial permeability against β-lactams, (iii) over-expression of efflux systems which are membrane transport proteins to export drug substrates and (iv) production of β-lactamases that hydrolyze the β-lactam amide [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Resistance to penicillin was most common followed by cephalothin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. (aquaticmammalsjournal.org)
  • Resistance rates in CNS were high, with 39% of isolates exhibiting resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, 6% of isolates being resistant to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cephalothin, and cefoxitin, and 5 % being resistant to erythromycin. (gstsvs.ch)
  • Insgesamt betrachtet lag der Anteil resistenter CNS hoch, wobei 39 % der Isolate als resistent gegen Ampicillin und Penicillin, 6 % als resistent gegen Amoxicillin mit Clavulansäure, Ceftiofur, Cephalothin und Cefoxitin und 5 % als resistent gegen Erythromycin eingestuft wurden. (gstsvs.ch)
  • In the isolation of the strains, we used selective media for Gram-negative Bacteria MacConkey Agar (AM), supplemented with 32µg/ml cephalothin, 10U/ml penicillin and 2µg/ml clindamycin. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Ureido-penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, imipenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are the drugs of choice to treat P. vulgaris associate infections but it possess high level of resistance against penicillin and other antibiotics[4]. (slideserve.com)
  • We did not detect significant associations between disease status and isolation of R equi from soil, detection of VapA-P in soil isolates, or resistance of soil isolates to β-lactam antibiotics. (avma.org)
  • Within the United States, poverty-driven practices such as medication-sharing, use of "leftover" antibiotics, and the purchase and use of foreign-made drugs of questionable quality are likely contributing to antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • Scientists suggest that the resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics in various strains of E. coli has increased by a factor of two from 2009 to 2015. (universityobserver.ie)
  • Once standardised concentration of antibiotics were determined-by employing techniques of antibiotic resistance, screening-Antibiograms were built. (universityobserver.ie)
  • Sensitivity results obtained with 6 antibiotics showed least resistance to enrofloxacin, the rate being 19% for all isolates together. (scirp.org)
  • This study aimed to assay the prevalence of common β-lactam resistance genes including bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTX-M and bla CMY and phenotypic resistance to commonly used β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in UTIs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 724 Escherichia coli isolates sampled from 38 wild bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) from the Charleston Harbor area, South Carolina, and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, were screened for resistance to 25 antibiotics. (aquaticmammalsjournal.org)
  • No resistance was detected in E. coli from dolphins at either site for six of the 25 antibiotics tested. (aquaticmammalsjournal.org)
  • These bacteria also have natural resistance to many antibiotics. (microgeninc.com)
  • Background The surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance collected by EARSS previously and currently by EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network), illustrate the emergence and spread of microbial resistance to antibiotics in Europe, and help to increase awareness of the problem at the political level, including public health officials, in science and in the general public [1]. (unicatt.it)
  • Interestingly, even though the differences were not significant, the prevalence of resistance in sample from community canteen was higher than in those from hospital also for the rest of antibiotics. (unicatt.it)
  • Conclusions The incidence of findings positive to Enterobacteriaceae in hospital environment (17.2%) is lower than that found in community environment (33.2%) but three of four antibiotics showing the highest rate of resistance are cephalosporins commonly used in hospital because of their broad spectrum of action. (unicatt.it)
  • The struggle against this challenge leads bacterial cells to express a set of genes and eventually enables them to develop resistance against antibiotics. (molcells.org)
  • Many of these studies also associate the emergence of bacteria from these ecosystems with resistance to antibiotics. (fortunejournals.com)
  • New tests are needed to identify and assess susceptibility to other antibiotics, as there is a possibility that some of these colonies have potential for multidrug resistance in addition to causing serious infections in humans. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Presence of resistance to antibiotics and some virulence factors showed pathogenic potential of the environmental isolates and may be reservoirs for frequent epidemics. (ac.ke)
  • Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in Bacteroides species. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates and the classification according to the multidrug resistance profile (MDR) were determined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Multidrug resistance is on the increase amongst the V. cholerae due to the acquisition of the SXT-like element. (ac.ke)
  • Our findings suggest a strong association between biofilm production and several host and non-host factors, including age, UTI recurrence, hospitalisation, and phylogenetic groups B2 and D. These factors are associated with multidrug resistance, suggesting a strong link between biofilm production and multidrug resistance, as previously suggested. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • Notwithstanding, the significant higher prevalence of strains resistant to piperacillin, ticarcillin, cefotaxime and cefuroxime in the samples taken at the community than the hospital canteen, allow to deduce that the hospital environment is now much safer than that the community from the point of view of the spread of antibiotic resistance. (unicatt.it)
  • Mohammadzadeh A, Mardaneh J, Ahmadi R, Adabi J. Evaluation of the Virulence Features and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Gonabad, Iran. (brieflands.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to examine the antibiotic resistance patterns and presence of nan1 and int1 virulence genes (encoding neuraminidase and class 1 integrons, respectively) in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates and to analyze the measured values with regard to hospital wards, specimens, and antibiotic resistance of the strains. (brieflands.com)
  • Thus there was need to carry out antimicrobial susceptibility tests on environmental strains and to determine if they carried resistance. (ac.ke)
  • Environmental strains were 64%, 60%, 60% resistant to cephalothin, sulphamethoxazole and sulbactam/ampicillin respectively. (ac.ke)
  • Management of uncomplicated UTI has become challenging due to rise in antibiotic resistance among UPEC strains, including to traditional first-line agents, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) [ 4 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • In addition to rising antibiotic resistance amongst UPEC strains, the production of biofilms among these strains is another concern, often leading to recurrent UTIs and chronic infections [ 6 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • In addition, the lethal effect on bacteria should also include triggering the autolysin activity of the bacteria, and mutant strains lacking autolysin show resistance. (ballyabio.com)
  • Thus, genes for resistance develop along with genes directing antibiotic production and organisms are "primed" to develop resistance. (vin.com)
  • Microflora of the GI tract can serve as reservoir of resistance genes. (vin.com)
  • Once in the environment, the resistance genes are being exchanged between bacteria in the water, some of these bacteria are potential human pathogens. (universityobserver.ie)
  • In recent years, the seawater has started to operate as a massive reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, at a global scale. (universityobserver.ie)
  • Real-time PCR was applied to detect β-lactam resistance genes and conventional PCR was used to determine the phylotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prevalence of resistance genes were 89.6% for bla TEM , 44.3% for bla CTX-M , 6.6% for bla SHV and 0.9% for bla CMY . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the presence phenotypically (ESBL) and molecularly (mecA gene) of isolates carrying resistance genes was also verified. (bvsalud.org)
  • While resistance to 73.3% cephalothin and 26.7% sulfonamide+trimethoprim was revealed by disk diffusion tests, the 86.4% SHV, 100% sul1 and 100% dhfrV genes were found from PCR techniques. (chula.ac.th)
  • The struggle of bacteria to escape from growth restriction eventually results in development of antibiotic-resistance through the expression of a set of genes. (molcells.org)
  • In addition, the quinolone resistance genotype was characterized by screening for plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC. (afpm.org.my)
  • In almost all cases ESBL and quinolone resistance genes were located on the same plasmid. (afpm.org.my)
  • The presence of the mecA gene was investigated in isolates with resistance to oxacillin. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. (embrapa.br)
  • Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with surgical site infection and ear infection and corresponding nasal swab was investigated in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antimicrobial drug resistance of 344 Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Escherichia coli rapidly develops resistance, particularly that associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) when exposed to selected antimicrobials. (vin.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem that has deleterious long-term effects as the development of drug resistance outpaces the development of new drugs. (jabfm.org)
  • Over half of the population of the United States lives along coastal freshwater or marine ecosystems, living with a risk of developing drug-resistance. (universityobserver.ie)
  • Findings explain the necessity of deep changes in quantity and quality of drug resistance diagnosis and antibiotic therapy strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of S. aureus to invade the host immune system through various virulence factors and its rapid acquisition of multi-drug resistance phenotype, makes it one of the most notorious organism among gram positive bacterial pathogens [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5.Long-term antibiotic infection will develop drug resistance and then the inflammation will be more difficult to cure. (prostatitisradicalcure.com)
  • All observational studies reporting on the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance/susceptibility, or characterization of Listeria species in Africa were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library for this review. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most commonly isolated Campylobacter species is C. jejuni, which can be identified via its antibiotic susceptibility profile of cephalothin resistance and naladixic susceptibility in conjunction with its ability to hydrolyze hippurate. (sandra.black)
  • Development of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials limited treatment options against infections due to this pathogen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S. aureus isolates from patients in TASH exhibited resistance to majority of antimicrobials commonly employed for the treatment of staphylococcal infections which calls for urgent need of prudent use of antimicrobials and the need for implementation of effective infection control practices to hamper spread of MDR S. aureus . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Resistance to cephamycins is commonly due to cells containing plasmid encoded β-lactamases. (toku-e.com)
  • 1-3 Multiple poverty-driven factors that contribute to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms have been identified, some of which may be directly affecting resistance in the United States. (jabfm.org)
  • Reasons for multidrug-resistant organisms in developing countries are numerous, but the inadequate access to effective drugs, the unregulated manufacture and dispensation of antimicrobials, and the lack of money available to pay for appropriate, high-quality medications are some of the major poverty-driven factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • The production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is a primary β-lactam resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was found multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranging from 0.3-0.8 for the bacteria isolated from gill. (sagepub.com)
  • The study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria belonging to a specific family, the family of Enterobacteriaceae, with the purpose to compare the differences in antibiotic resistance in microorganisms from two different types of craft, community and hospital canteens, and then analyze the possible consequences. (unicatt.it)
  • Therefore, understanding how bacteria overcome the growth restriction caused by various environmental challenges is very important for understanding bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. (molcells.org)
  • Like many other pathogenic bacteria, P. aeruginosa expresses its virulence and antibiotic resistance via a cell densitydependent regulation mechanism, quorum sensing (QS). (molcells.org)
  • Exposure to antimicrobials may facilitate survival of isolates that have either spontaneously mutated or acquired resistance through other means. (vin.com)
  • Resistance to two or more antimicrobials was recorded in 74 (95%) of the isolates, while resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials was detected in 65(82.3%) of the isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phenotypic resistance against β-lactams (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftriaxone) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) were identified by the disc diffusion technique. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors in Environmental and Clinical Vibrio cholerae. (ac.ke)
  • The main aim of study was to determine the environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae during the interepidemic periods and to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in environmental V. cholerae. (ac.ke)
  • The aim of this study was to detect risk factors, evaluate the phenotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance and detect the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aimed to describe the milk production and management practices in 15 herds located in three microregions of the State of Rondônia and to identify the antimicrobial resistance profile of 97 isolates of the genus Staphylococcus from these herds. (embrapa.br)
  • This study's results confirmed an explosion of antibiotic resistance amongst E. coli isolates from UTI against β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cephalexin is the first-generation cephalosporin, and its antibacterial spectrum is basically the same as cephalothin, but its antibacterial activity is weaker than the latter. (ballyabio.com)
  • The gastrointestinal environment is conducive to development of resistance. (vin.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, "more than any other issue, poverty and inadequate access to drugs continue to be a major force in the development of resistance. (jabfm.org)
  • Biofilm production has been shown to be an important UPEC virulence factor, as its formation creates an impermeable barrier for antibiotic penetration, and hence minimizing the amount of antibiotic that can reach the site of action, thus contributing to the development of resistance [ 7 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • In human medicine, E. coli has developed resistance to the fluorinated quinolones, beta-lactams, or both: it is among the gram-negative organisms that secrete extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). (vin.com)
  • More disconcerting, resistance is easily conferred to more pathogenic organisms. (vin.com)
  • Therefore, the objective of this work was to detect the presence of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) with potential for human and animal colonization and/or infection in this area, analyzing their antimicrobial resistance in the tributaries of Lagoa de Araruama, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. (fortunejournals.com)
  • The ability of organisms to develop resistance to an antimicrobial varies with the species and strain. (vin.com)
  • He believes that an increase in antibiotic resistance will lead to a significant decrease in the probability of successfully treating infections. (universityobserver.ie)
  • 15. Martinez-Pastor JC, Vilchez F, Pitart C, Sierra JM, Soriano A. Antibiotic-resistance in orthopaedic surgery: acute knee prosthetic joint infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. (jcorth.com)
  • FQs have contributed successfully to the treatment of various bacterial infections, but their widespread use and often misuse, coupled with emerging resistance, have gradually compromised their utility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon observing the influence of antibiotic resistance in organisms cultured from the Indian River Lagoon and Charleston Harbor area, it was concluded that the results were similar. (universityobserver.ie)
  • Isolates from animals sampled in the Charleston Harbor area exhibited a greater complexity of resistance patterns and within individual diversity compared to isolates sampled from animals in the Indian River Lagoon. (aquaticmammalsjournal.org)
  • Although the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are diverse, previous studies have demonstrated that there is a potential link between antibiotic resistance and biofilm production [ 5 ], although other findings are to the contrary [ 6 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is an example of the relentless adaptive nature of microbes toward designer drugs intended to preclude the advent of resistance. (vin.com)
  • Resistance may be easily conferred to other potentially more virulent organisms. (vin.com)
  • Ideally, one can target highly conserved viral proteins that are unlikely to acquire the resistance of new viral mutants as the outbreak progresses. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • No association between β-lactam antibiotic resistance and presence of VapA-P was detected. (avma.org)