ProteinsKinasePhosphorylationAmino acidIntracellularPeptidesAspartic acidCaMKIIEnzymeRegulatesMutationsMyosinCysteinePlasma membraneInteractionShow that calciumComplexMotifsDrosophilaCentral helixInteractionsPhysiologicalMechanismCatalytic domainGeneSpeciesMixtureRegulationVariantSecondaryRequiresActivityStructuralActivationStructureActiveDomainChannels
Proteins10
- This gene encodes one of three calmodulin proteins which are members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. (nih.gov)
- Calmodulin (CaM) is recognized as a major calcium sensor and orchestrator of regulatory events through its interaction with a diverse group of cellular proteins. (embl.de)
- Although both the hydrophobic aliphatic chain and hydrophilic ζ -amino group of the Lys side chain presumably contribute to the structures and functions of proteins, the dual nature of the Lys residue has not been fully investigated using NMR spectroscopy, due to the lack of appropriate methods to acquire comprehensive information on its long consecutive methylene chain. (copernicus.org)
- To date, three major classes of Ca 2+ -binding proteins, including calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK), calmodulins (CaM) and CaM-like proteins (CaML) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL), have been characterized in higher plants [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calmodulin is an important multifunctional molecule that regulates the activities of a large number of proteins in the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
- Calcium binding induces conformational transitions in calmodulin that make it specifically active to particular target proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- Even very basic designs that utilize a single residue introduced into non-enzymatic proteins or peptide bundles are surprisingly active. (syr.edu)
- The inhibition by SidJ is normally spatially limited in web host cells because its activity needs the eukaryote-specific proteins calmodulin (CaM). (ncbedbugs.com)
- Fluorescent indicators for Ca 2+ based on green fluorescent proteins and calmodulin. (nature.com)
- Titprot is a simple Monte Carlo program to titrate proteins and changed the conformation of residues, as well as rotate hydrogen atoms. (lu.se)
Kinase7
- The prooncoprotein EWS binds calmodulin and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C through an IQ domain. (embl.de)
- Here we report that EWS, a nuclear RNA-binding prooncoprotein, contains an IQ domain, is phosphorylated by protein kinase C, and interacts with calmodulin. (embl.de)
- Here we show that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) signals specifically to HDAC4 by binding to a unique docking site that is absent in other class IIa HDACs. (jci.org)
- B ) Cartoon representation of activation of CaMKII by calcium:calmodulin (top) and proposed mechanism for spread of kinase activity (bottom). (elifesciences.org)
- The phosphorylation of synapsin I depends on cyclic adenosine monophosphate and type II calcium/calmodulin protein kinase. (diva-portal.org)
- MLC is usually phosphorylated at its Ser19 and/or Thr18 residues by MLC kinase (MLCK) which is a (Ca2+-calmodulin)-dependent kinase [7]. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
- In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphorylation4
- Multiple serine/threonine kinases control the subcellular localization of these HDACs by phosphorylation of common serine residues, but whether certain class IIa HDACs respond selectively to specific kinases has not been determined. (jci.org)
- Phosphorylation of serine residues in the N-terminus modulates the activity of ACA8, a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana / S. Giacometti, C.A. Marrano, M.C. Bonza, L. Luoni, M. Limonta, M.I. De Michelis. (unimi.it)
- Phosphorylation at these sites weakened Ca2+-calmodulin binding further and reduced the inhibitory activity of CaD22 in the absence of Ca2+-calmodulin. (gabasignaling.com)
- Etomoxir Phosphorylation of these sites of the alanine mutant of CaD22 had no effect on Ca2+-calmodulin binding but did reduce inhibition of ATPase activity. (gabasignaling.com)
Amino acid3
- Although the amino acid sequences of mammalian and Drosophila calmodulins differ by only three conservative amino acid changes, the refined model reveals a number of significant differences between the two structures. (rcsb.org)
- Analysis of the amino acid composition of the fragment revealed that the cleavage site at 28 kDa from C-terminus occur red at Lys 799±3 amino acid residues, which is in a region where the CaM-binding and pseudosubstrate regions overlap. (go.jp)
- The amino acid residues enriched in IgE-stereotyped sequences from seropositive donors were analyzed with machine learning and k-mer motif discovery. (bvsalud.org)
Intracellular2
- The results of our analysis reduce the gap between current understanding of intracellular calmodulin function at the structural level and physiological calcium-dependent calmodulin target activation experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2010). Lipid raft association and cholesterol sensitivity of P2X1-4 receptors for ATP: chimeras and point mutants identify intracellular amino-terminal residues involved in lipid regulation of P2X1 receptors. (gozmusic.org)
Peptides2
- Recent studies using bee and wasp venom peptides have led to the hypothesis that proper complex formation with calmodulin (CaM) requires the presence of a basic amphiphilic helix on the surface of the target protein [Cox, J. A. (1984) Fed. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Sequence comparison suggests that the basic residues present in both peptides are important for binding. (johnshopkins.edu)
Aspartic acid2
- The aspartic acid mutation of CaD22 weakened Ca2+-calmodulin binding but had no effect on inhibition of ATPase activity. (gabasignaling.com)
- Two aspartic acid residues in the active site of the cyclase (AC or GC) promotes the binding of ATP. (pancreapedia.org)
CaMKII1
Enzyme2
- The enzyme phosphorylates a specific serine residue in each of the subunits of the dimeric phosphorylase b. (expasy.org)
- An enzyme nicknamed AlleyCatE is an allosterically regulated catalyst of ester hydrolysis that was generated by introducing a single histidine residue into a non-enzymatic protein calmodulin (CaM). (syr.edu)
Regulates1
- Calcium-induced activation of calmodulin regulates and modulates the function of cardiac ion channels. (nih.gov)
Mutations2
- Calmodulin Mutations in Human Disease. (nih.gov)
- Fungus toxicity of SidJ14 was suppressed by mutations in Q842 and I841, two residues in IQ motifs very important to CaM-binding15 or (-)-Huperzine A with the fungus CaM gene (Fig. 3b), validating the IQ theme. (ncbedbugs.com)
Myosin1
- The conserved domain of this protein possesses the binding activities to Ca 2 + {\displaystyle {\text{Ca}}^{2+}} -calmodulin, actin, tropomyosin, myosin, and phospholipids. (wikipedia.org)
Cysteine2
- All three Ras isoforms have a CAAX sequence at the COOH terminus that specifies farnesylation and further processing of the COOH-terminal cysteine residue. (rupress.org)
- 2011). Cysteine scanning mutagenesis (residues Glu52-Gly96) of the human P2X1 receptor for ATP: mapping agonist binding and channel gating. (gozmusic.org)
Plasma membrane2
- ACA8 is a plasma membrane-localized isoform of calmodulin (CaM)-regulated Ca2+-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana. (unimi.it)
- Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, secretes among various toxins an adenylate cyclase (CyaA) that displays a unique mechanism of cell invasion, which involves a direct translocation of its N-terminal catalytic domain (AC, 400 residues) across the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic targeted cells. (pasteur.fr)
Interaction2
- Subtype Differences in the Interaction of HIV-1 Matrix with Calmodulin: Implications for Biological Functions. (nih.gov)
- Indeed, while the isolated catalytic domain was spherical and hydrated, it underwent a significant elongation as well as compaction and dehydration upon calmodulin interaction. (pasteur.fr)
Show that calcium1
- Furthermore, we show that calcium residues (in parts of μM range) promote increased facilitation due to the additional calcium reacting with the second messenger system. (diva-portal.org)
Complex3
- A Novel Target Recognition Revealed by Calmodulin in Complex with the Basic Helix-loop-helix Transcription Factor SEF2-1/E2-2" Protein Sci. (bmrb.io)
- High Resolution Structure of a Calmodulin Rs20 Peptide Complex. (expasy.org)
- The structure of AC in complex with the C-terminal part of calmodulin has recently been determined. (pasteur.fr)
Motifs2
- Sequence motifs for calmodulin recognition. (embl.de)
- A modified version of the IQ motif as a consensus for Ca2+-independent binding and two related motifs for Ca2+-dependent binding, termed 18-14 and 1-5-10 based on the position of conserved hydrophobic residues, are proposed. (embl.de)
Drosophila1
- The crystal structure of calmodulin (Mr 16,700, 148 residues) from Drosophila melanogaster as expressed in a bacterial system has been determined and refined at 2.2-A resolution. (rcsb.org)
Central helix1
- The overall structure is similar to mammalian calmodulin, with a seven-turn central helix connecting the two calcium-binding domains. (rcsb.org)
Interactions3
- Calmodulin Interactions with Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. (nih.gov)
- In this study, we adopt a structural systems biology approach and develop a mathematical model to investigate various types of cooperative calcium-calmodulin interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
- We compare the predictions of our analysis with physiological dose-response curves taken from the literature, in order to provide a quantitative comparison of the effects of different mechanisms of cooperativity on calcium-calmodulin interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Physiological1
- Therefore, the isotope shifts would provide a useful auxiliary index for identifying Lys residues with deprotonated ζ -amino groups at physiological pH levels. (copernicus.org)
Mechanism1
- To characterize this activation mechanism, we investigated here the biophysical properties of the isolated catalytic domain in solution with or without calmodulin. (pasteur.fr)
Catalytic domain1
- However, as the structure of the catalytic domain in the absence of calmodulin is still lacking, the molecular basis of AC activation by calmodulin remains largely unknown. (pasteur.fr)
Gene1
- This gene encodes a calmodulin- and actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of smooth muscle and nonmuscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
- Fig. 2: Representation of the gate post and bulge residues in FPs derived from different species. (nature.com)
Mixture1
- Residues of fumigant mixture in cereals fumigated and aired at two different temperatures. (cdc.gov)
Regulation1
- Thus, the region between residues 627 and 642 may contribute to the overall regulation of caldesmon's activity. (gabasignaling.com)
Variant1
- The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated for the Δ+ PHS/V66K variant of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), which contains 21 Lys residues, including the engineered Lys-66 with an unusually low p K a of ∼ 5.6. (copernicus.org)
Secondary2
- Pine GAD contained a C-terminal region with conserved residues and a predicted secondary structure similar to the calmodulin (CaM)-binding domains of angiosperm GADs. (unipr.it)
- We found that calmodulin triggered only minor modifications of the protein secondary and tertiary structure but had a pronounced effect on the hydrodynamic properties of AC. (pasteur.fr)
Requires1
- Requires calmodulin for activity. (expasy.org)
Activity1
- Open up in CDF another screen Fig. 3 Calmodulin may be the web host cofactor necessary for the glutamylase activity of SidJa. (ncbedbugs.com)
Structural2
- Time-resolved DEER EPR and solid-state NMR afford kinetic and structural elucidation of substrate binding to Ca(2+)-ligated calmodulin. (nih.gov)
- Structural Basis for Simultaneous Binding of Two Carboxy-terminal Peptidesof Plant Glutamate Decarboxylase to Calmodulin. (expasy.org)
Activation2
- Gintonin-mediated activation of both the I Ks channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. (molcells.org)
- The Sustainable Building Design and Construction threonine has an Mitogen-activated, alveolar step that contains effects at the conversion of the activation of a phosphorylated specific residue. (evakoch.com)
Structure1
- Starting with the structure of mammalian calmodulin, we produced an extensively refitted and refined model with a conventional crystallographic R value of 0.197 for the 5,239 reflections (F greater than or equal to 2 sigma (F)) within the 10.0-2.2-A resolution range. (rcsb.org)
Active1
- By utilizing basic physico-chemical properties and strategic placing of only few highly active residues one can feasibly sample a very large variety of possible catalysts. (syr.edu)
Domain2
- However, their calcium-binding domain is restricted by calmodulin from metazoans. (mdpi.com)
- In this study, we developed red GECI, called FRCaMP, using calmodulin (CaM) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe fungus as a calcium binding domain. (mdpi.com)
Channels1
- The C terminus of the KCNQ1 channel protein has two calmodulin-binding sites that are involved in regulating I Ks channels. (molcells.org)