Research methods in psychology positive reinforcement reinforcement psychology. Medical search. Frequent questions

There are hundreds of objective research studies that have shown ABA to be an effective method for teaching language, social, and independence skills, and for reducing problem behaviors. (blogspot.com)
A Yale University psychology professor & director of the Yale Parenting Center and Child Conduct Clinic, Alan Kazdin, even stated that, "You cannot punish out these behaviors that you do not want. (yourtango.com)
Behaviorism is a learning theory in behavioral psychology that holds that behaviors are learned through association, trial and error. (helpfulprofessor.com)
If you were to use Behaviorism as your theoretical framework, it would likely inform both your research question - where you may want to focus on a situation where you will measure changes in behaviors through rewards and punishments - as well as your research methods, where you'll likely employ a quantitative research method that measures changes in behaviors, such as application of pre-tests and post-tests in an educational environment. (helpfulprofessor.com)
Additionally, despite a significant literature base supporting biological components of complex behaviors, little behavioral research has been done in this area in recent years, and little has been incorporated into functional analysis methodologies. (abainternational.org)
Sharon believed that through subtle reinforcement of certain behaviors she could shape Lyle's behavior and that over time he would increasingly use his typical sales approach with the families he thought could not afford the books. (solutioninn.com)
The behavioral classroom management approach encourages a student's positive behaviors in the classroom, through a reward systems or a daily report card, and discourages their negative behaviors. (cdc.gov)
Positive reinforcement training (PRT) ( Skinner, 1938 ) is the most efficient and ethical technique to train a wide variety of behaviors as it rewards the animals for desired behaviors while ignoring unwanted ones ( Westlund, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, training behaviors required to perform typical experimental tasks in sensory-motor systems research and cognitive neuroscience represent a more significant challenge for classical PRT training. (frontiersin.org)
By applying positive reinforcement in these factors, desired positive behaviors are encouraged and negative behaviors are eliminated. (researchgate.net)
His idea of radical behaviorism was a stimulus-response theory of psychology can account for all of the overt behaviors that psychologist seek to explain. (benjaminbarber.org)
The therapist works with the individual to identify problem behaviors and develop goals that are designed to help them understand why they exhibit certain behaviors and how they can replace those behaviors with more positive responses. (thetreetop.com)
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is a process grounded in the principles of behavior and motivation to increase positive behaviors while decreasing negative ones. (thetreetop.com)
Different techniques are used to change maladaptive behaviors based on the desired outcome, such as Positive Reinforcement which gives rewards for desired behavior or Extinction meant to weaken a response by removing reinforcement. (thetreetop.com)
He developed an early form of ABA therapy that involved teaching language and other skills through intensive 1-on-1 instruction, as well as using reinforcement techniques such as token economy systems to reward desired behaviors. (thetreetop.com)
That said, given that workplace education and training programs have a positive impact on health and safety behaviors, as we noted earlier in our discussion, and that training and education is a fundamental component of workplace safety and health protections, we recommend that workplaces continue to conduct education and training programs. (cdc.gov)

However, such a procedure limits the scope of research questions in terms of social and motor behavior, limits self-paced engagement of the animal in the behavioral task, and may give rise to animal welfare concerns due to movement constraints during the sessions in the setup. (springer.com)
Extinction is a phenomenon of reducing the frequency of behavior demonstration as a result of a termination of its reinforcement (operant extinction) or combination with an unconditional stimulus (classical extinction) (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007). (psychologywriting.com)
According to scientists, a method of extinction excludes reinforcement and, as a result, it contributes to the reduction in the frequency of inappropriate behavior (Miltenberger, 2008). (psychologywriting.com)
Applied behavior analysts researched the extinction method and divided it into two main variations: procedural extinction or ignoring, and the functional extinction or retaining of reinforcers (Lerman & Iwata, 1996). (psychologywriting.com)
Positive reinforcement ensured the change in a child's behavior and proved the success of the extinction method in the case. (psychologywriting.com)
Extinction can be an effective procedure to remove inappropriate responses of people by using the termination of the reinforcement or the combination of several stimuli to ensure the emergence of acceptable behavior. (psychologywriting.com)
Topics include basic structure and processes of the nervous system, methods and ethics in psychobiological research, sensation and perception, thirst and hunger, sexual behavior, sleep and dreaming, memory, recovery from brain damage, psychopathology and genetics. (css.edu)
In a study using a behaviorist framework, a psychologist might investigate the effects of positive reinforcement on the classroom behavior of elementary school children. (helpfulprofessor.com)
The behaviorist theoretical framework would guide the researcher's expectation that the reinforcement (reward) would increase the occurrence of the desired behavior. (helpfulprofessor.com)
The Association for Behavior Analysis International® (ABAI) is a nonprofit membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice. (abainternational.org)
and working toward moving to more environmentally mediated variables informed by fine grained analysis of automatic reinforcement maintaining the behavior. (abainternational.org)
Practical suggestions regarding more effective practice and research to address challenging behavior will be included. (abainternational.org)
The field of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) was dramatically influenced by Iwata and colleagues (1982/1994) when they established a systematic method to analyze and understand challenging behavior through standard functional analysis (FA). (abainternational.org)
Possible methods of incorporating diagnostic characteristics of developmental disorders and physiological correlates of problem behavior into the functional analysis process will be discussed. (abainternational.org)
Sharon saw no ethical issues in this case until she told a friend about it and the friend questioned whether it was ethical to utilize learning and reinforcement techniques to change people's behavior "against their will" even if they did not realize that this was happening. (solutioninn.com)
These two management strategies require trained staff-including teachers, counselors, or school psychologists-follow a specific plan to teach and support positive behavior. (cdc.gov)
It is important to learn how to navigate this dilemma, as the methods used by trainers and behavior professionals can have a profound impact on your pet's welfare and the human-animal bond. (vin.com)
Aversive methods may be effective when teaching a dog what NOT to do, but also can cause more severe behavior problems and negatively impact the human-animal bond. (vin.com)
At a minimum, the trainer should have taken classes in animal behavior and psychology. (vin.com)
Animal Behavior: Concepts, Methods, and Applications, Third Edition, takes a conceptual approach that highlights the process of science and the real-world applications of animal behavior research.In an engaging, question-driven style, Shawn E. Nordell and Thomas J. Valone offer readers a clear learning progression for understanding and evaluating empirical research examples. (simplyautomatic.com)
The Role of Experience, Learning, & Memory Major topics for weeks 8 through 12 include the effects of experience on animal behavior, the mechanisms of learning and memory for the relations between different events, the basic laws and mechanisms of association formation, the assessment of value and the function of reinforcement. (simplyautomatic.com)
One of the most commonly used methods is positive reinforcement in which one's behavior is strengthened or increased based on consequences. (researchgate.net)
We now know that positive reinforcement works better than punishment when it comes to shaping behavior long-term while also fostering healthy emotional growth for our little ones. (rooparenting.com)
If you do want links to some of the current research, jump onto the AVSAB website and click on the button below their current position statement: Based on current scientific evidence, AVSAB recommends that only reward-based training methods are used for all dog training, including the treatment of behavior problems. (puppypowerdogtraining.com)
Because felines are known for their independence, people assume cats are hard to train, but positive training methods like rewarding good behavior produce solid results. (animalbehaviorcollege.com)
ABA therapy, or Applied Behavior Analysis, is a form of behavior therapy that was first developed in the 1960s by O. Ivar Lovaas and has since become increasingly popular as a teaching method for individuals with autism. (thetreetop.com)
ABA is based on the idea that behavior can be analyzed, learned and changed through reinforcement. (thetreetop.com)
This report shows that investment in training results in positive changes in worker knowledge and skills, attitudes, and behavior. (cdc.gov)
Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted using an interview guide that was based on the theoretical domains framework (TDF), a behavior change framework comprised of 14 theoretical domains that explain health-related behavior change. (medscape.com)

Five surveys that compare different training methods found that people who use aversive techniques ( positive punishment and negative reinforcement ) report more behaviour problems including fear and aggression. (companionanimalpsychology.com)
The term 'learning theory' has been developed by equine behaviourists in response to research into the psychology and behaviour of horses and how they learn. (petplanequine.co.uk)
On the flip side, negative reinforcement is where you remove something unpleasant to encourage the horse to repeat a desired behaviour. (petplanequine.co.uk)
The opposite to positive punishment, negative punishment is where you remove something rewarding to the horse, which discourages the behaviour. (petplanequine.co.uk)
We use a lot of positive reinforcement, rewarding them for their good behaviour, and ignore the undesirable behaviours. (petplanequine.co.uk)
If a dog shows a behaviour which results in a perceived positive outcome, he or she is more likely to show the behaviour again on subsequent occasions - this is known as reinforcement. (vin.com)
However, positive punishment and negative reinforcement always occur together in practice: one focal behaviour is positively punished as another is negatively reinforced within each context. (vin.com)
Previous studies have suggested that there is an association between the use of more aversive training methods with unwanted behaviours and an increased occurrence of aggressive behaviour where such techniques are used. (vin.com)
One of the most well researched methods to change maladaptive behaviour is by training. (unitedwecare.com)
Negative reinforcement involves the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus to strengthen a desired behaviour. (yumyum-mama.com)
This creates a negative reinforcement scenario where the desired behaviour of coming to the door is reinforced by the removal of the aversive stimulus. (yumyum-mama.com)

A review of 17 papers concludes that reward-based dog training has fewer risks and may even work better than aversive methods. (companionanimalpsychology.com)
Research has shown that reward-based training is more effective and more humane than aversive methods. (vin.com)

It comes in two forms: either reinforcement or punishment. (petplanequine.co.uk)
Authoritative parents rely on positive reinforcement and infrequent use of punishment. (wikipedia.org)
There is no need for corporal punishment based on the research. (yourtango.com)

We use operant conditioning, so mainly positive and negative reinforcement, because many have quite negative associations already, especially with humans. (petplanequine.co.uk)
Animal learning finds its roots in psychology, specifically called operant conditioning. (pioneerscoop.com)

Negative reinforcement that should be proposed would help Mary to reduce the frequency of inappropriate sensations with her favorite food. (psychologywriting.com)
One example where positive and negative reinforcement has really helped us is with Clydesdale x cob gelding William. (petplanequine.co.uk)
It's a very controversial area even though the research is extremely telling and very clear and consistent about the negative effects on children," says Sandra Graham-Bermann, PhD, a psychology professor & principal investigator for the Child Violence and Trauma Laboratory at the University of Michigan. (yourtango.com)
This means they change their response to a stimuli without association with a positive or negative reinforcement. (simplyautomatic.com)
My research aims to explicate the positive and negative reinforcement pathways that lead to problematic drinking, particularly for those transitioning from adolescence to early adulthood. (concordia.ca)
Additionally, Lily and Jemima can utilise negative reinforcement techniques. (yumyum-mama.com)

Despite the methodological concerns, it appears that aversive training methods have undesirable unintended outcomes and that using them puts dogs' welfare at risk. (companionanimalpsychology.com)
[4] Additionally, research supports that parental history, both in terms of attachments of varying quality and parental psychopathology , particularly in the wake of adverse experiences, can strongly influence parental sensitivity and child outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
He adds, "Your kids deserve better than a parent that would use an object to beat them with in 2021, when all studies, all scientific studies, all of them, say that there are no positive outcomes when you hit your children. (yourtango.com)
more positive outcomes were associated with longer breaks between play and a greater propensity to end a gambling session. (karger.com)
Additionally, the nature of the available research, (we studied only randomized, controlled trials) prohibited us from linking training to health outcomes. (cdc.gov)

Co-applicant on Wellcome capital funding award (PI: Ed Watkins) for construction of Sir Henry Wellcome Centre for Mood Disorders Research. (exeter.ac.uk)
4 Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)

It challenges the previously dominant concept in psychology, behaviorism , that states we learn best through rewards, punishments, and forming associations between concepts. (helpfulprofessor.com)

A way to motivate it is through the application of reinforcement theory which is developed by B. F. Skinner. (researchgate.net)

Kazdin advises parents to use positive reinforcement and effusive praise with their children instead. (yourtango.com)

While many parents are less than willing to write off physical discipline, experts are pleading with them to utilize other methods. (yourtango.com)

Among the fundamental principles followed by positive trainers include positive reinforcement and science-based clicker training. (pioneerscoop.com)

Additionally, the research literature highlights the efficacy of positive reinforcement-based consequences in organizational settings (Wei & Yazdanifard, 2014) . (researchgate.net)

Similar to dogs, cats can be trained with simple cat training commands, positive reinforcement and, if you choose, a clicker. (animalbehaviorcollege.com)

Ziv notes that most studies so far look at acute stress, i.e. at the time of the dog training session, and more research is needed to investigate whether aversive training techniques are linked to chronic stress, which can affect physical health. (companionanimalpsychology.com)

These attitudinal differences are often related to variations in types of training technique selected - both with methods used to train puppies or newly acquired adult dogs new behaviours, and in the 'correction' of undesired responses. (vin.com)

Additionally, while some credentials can be beneficial in many cases, they are not a guarantee that your trainer is using ethical, humane, or scientifically based methods. (vin.com)
Additionally, just because a trainer has credentials does not mean that they are using methods that are ethical or supported by science. (vin.com)

The different approaches used are often described by trainers using terminology from early research into learning. (vin.com)
A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
Using positive reinforcement, Lily and Jemima should open the cage door and immediately present the reward when the rat comes near or approaches the door. (yumyum-mama.com)

This practicum is designed to introduce the student to the world of professional practice in psychology. (hailpapers.com)

The goals of this research were to determine the efficacy of a specific community-level intervention for groups considered hard to reach and, if effective, to apply the strategies used in the intervention to subsequent HIV prevention programs. (cdc.gov)

Successful management arguably involves constant re-evaluation and seeking of new methods when challenges arise. (ckju.net)

Within a life span developmental perspective, the course examines research methods, developmental theories, and application of research findings to selected problems in the major periods of the life span: the prenatal period, infancy, early/middle/late childhood, adolescence, and young/middle/late adulthood. (css.edu)
PSY 1105 or PSY 2208 , one course in general or developmental psychology. (css.edu)
Psychology and developmental science have played a significant role in the development of gentle parenting. (rooparenting.com)

Check how well you did on paper 1 of the May/June 2023 Paper 1 in Psychology AQA. (yumyum-mama.com)
METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data obtained from the Department of Health Management at Henan Provincial People's Hospital between February 2018 and February 2023. (bvsalud.org)

The paper identifies some methodological issues with the literature, but the conclusion is that people should use reward-based methods to train their dogs. (companionanimalpsychology.com)
This new line of research will examine how humane, reward-based methods can be improved to facilitate better communication between humans and dogs. (companionanimalpsychology.com)

2022. Five hot topics in refinement of nonhuman primate neuroscience research. (awionline.org)

The students will work with a faculty member to complete a research project that encompasses both quantitative and qualitative research methods and will present their findings in an oral presentation at the end of this course. (hailpapers.com)
The ultrasound technique combined with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method proposed in this work is thus suitable for the rapid screening, confirmation, and quantitative detection of industrial synthetic dyes within solid waste originating from textile raw materials. (bvsalud.org)

She was one of the lead developers of the Center for Adolescent Research in Schools Classroom-Based Interventions Manual. (missouristate.edu)

Our goal is to introduce a range of techniques that will be relevant to behavioral scientists that are unfamiliar with single-case research and that are particularly well suited for the research and development of new technology-based interventions. (jmir.org)
Research also shows that training styles that use force and aversive techniques increase fear and aggression in dogs, creating safety and welfare concerns that would otherwise not exist. (vin.com)
The training consists of using techniques such as positive reinforcement, using tokens and consistent discipline. (unitedwecare.com)

Her research focuses on behavioral interventions and special education. (missouristate.edu)

However, although experimental research might be warranted, Ziv notes there are ethical issues that would need to be considered, given these findings. (companionanimalpsychology.com)
We might not be able to speak to one another, but we can train horses using ethical methods that tap into their own language, helping to build our bond and make learning fun. (petplanequine.co.uk)
By considering equine learning theory, we can design programmes that enable us to use more ethical methods, teach our horses more effectively and, most importantly, build a better bond,' says Justine. (petplanequine.co.uk)
While these credentials can be beneficial in many cases, they are not a guarantee that your trainer is using ethical, humane, or scientifically based methods. (vin.com)

The XBI allows computer-controlled training of the monkeys with a large variety of behavioral tasks and reward protocols typically used in systems and cognitive neuroscience research. (springer.com)
2003 ) is routinely used in neuroscience research to accustom animals to physical movement restraints step-by-step over extended periods, one cannot fully rule out a detrimental effect of movement restraints and setup isolation on well-being. (springer.com)

[19] Research [20] has found that parenting style is significantly related to a child's subsequent mental health and well-being. (wikipedia.org)
It emphasizes positive communication, respect for a child's autonomy, and non-punitive discipline strategies. (rooparenting.com)

The absence of reinforcement relates to the extinction procedure as the termination of reinforcement allows extinction to be practical. (psychologywriting.com)
Applications of psychology through supervised practical experience in College or community activities. (css.edu)
Corequisite(s): PSYC 8283 The course is an applied psychology course (Psychology Practicum) designed to introduce students to the practical aspects of working with a range of populations and issues. (hailpapers.com)

My research aims to contribute towards an understanding of the psychological processes involved in Bipolar Disorder. (exeter.ac.uk)
This paper aims to review the impact of positive reinforcement on the performances of employees in organizations. (researchgate.net)

The findings obtained from this study are also consistent with previous research (Al-Belushi & Khan, 2017), which states that monetary incentives have a direct influence on employee motivation. (researchgate.net)

His book emphasized treating children with respect and kindness rather than using harsh discipline methods like spanking or yelling. (rooparenting.com)

Joint principal applicant (with Heather O'Mahen) on an award of £43,000 from the Peninsula Primary Care Research Management & Governance Unit, Devon PCT to develop group Behavioural Activation therapy (2008-2009). (exeter.ac.uk)
These terms were developed before the majority of research in neuroscience that now underpins our knowledge of how learning occurs in the brain, and the associations between emotional states and behavioural change. (vin.com)

One of such methods is an extinction procedure that withholds reinforcement rather than adding or removing a cause of the issue. (psychologywriting.com)
This essay will discuss the concept of extinction and provide real-world examples that can be addressed by applying the extinction method of misbehavior treatment in various cases. (psychologywriting.com)

Development and implementation of a positive reinforcement training program for nonhuman primates in biomedical research. (awionline.org)
Despite clear benefits of PRT for NHPs and biomedical research, investigators often view the investment in personnel expertise and time required to train animals as deterrents towards adopting PRT. (awionline.org)
Animals are often used in biomedical research for testing novel treatments, investigating currently used drugs or mechanistic studies while, with the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of animals in research in mind, the number of animals being used is declining. (simplyautomatic.com)

In recent years, the utility and efficiency of automated procedures for cognitive assessment in psychology and neuroscience have been demonstrated in non-human primates (NHP). (frontiersin.org)

In particular I am interested in how response to minor changes in positive mood and energy levels may contribute to the onset of Bipolar episodes. (exeter.ac.uk)
Related to this I am currently investigating response to positive mood in people with and without mood disorders, and the impact of exercise upon the development of hypomania. (exeter.ac.uk)
This is a method of training where the trainer slowly and gradually asks the horse to lengthen or fine-tune a response. (petplanequine.co.uk)
What I actually want to address is the dog training community's response to that position statement - specifically those who are supposed to be positive-based and talk a bit about my personal journey as a dog owner & trainer. (puppypowerdogtraining.com)
The past decade has seen an explosion of research into models assume that evidence for a response is accumulated moral cognition marked by cross-disciplinary endeavours stochastically as a function of evidentiary strength until and findings. (lu.se)

Thanks to the bond to be established between the patient and the hypnotherapist, trust will be gained, positive expectations and attitudes will be developed and motivation will be gained. (cbtcognitivebehavioraltherapy.com)

1. What is reinforcement, and how can it be applied to motivation? (solutioninn.com)

I am a Professor in Clinical Psychology and a registered Clinical Psychologist. (exeter.ac.uk)
I obtained a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy) from the Institute of Psychiatry in 2005 and my PhD, also from the Institute of Psychiatry, in 2007. (exeter.ac.uk)
Treatment will be by applying clinical knowledge and psychotherapy methods in hypnosis. (cbtcognitivebehavioraltherapy.com)
This is called clinical hypnosis or hypnotherapy in the world of psychology - psychiatry. (cbtcognitivebehavioraltherapy.com)
7 Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
Thus, an accurate measurement of food craving is important for clinical and research purposes. (who.int)

The paper concludes with a discussion of issues related to the generality of findings derived from single-case research and how generality can be established through replication and through analysis of behavioral mechanisms. (jmir.org)

A positive correlation was observed between the reduction of GI and self perception of bleeding on tooth brushing (p=0.04, r=0.27) and redness and swelling of gums (p=0.04, r=0.26). (bvsalud.org)

Constructivism is a theory in educational psychology about how people think and learn. (helpfulprofessor.com)
His parents did not use physical punishments but their method of child rearing succeeded in teaching their son to fear God, the police, and what people would think (Englar 209). (benjaminbarber.org)
Art is one of the most beautiful methods of communication discovered by ancient civilizations and great people whom we call great Masters and Innovators of Art. (shyamalaschoolofart.lk)
Often when people consider (or research) "how to train your cat", they focus on trick training. (animalbehaviorcollege.com)
Recent cognitive research has shown that the notion of some people being born with better memories is false. (taylorstudymethod.com)

ABA has more research support than any other treatment or therapy for this population. (blogspot.com)
Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment , Supplement on Externalizing and Internalizing Symptomatology and Risk for Substance Abuse, 9 (Suppl.1), 33-40. (concordia.ca)
Through his pioneering research, Lovaas helped bring this treatment method into mainstream use in psychology, education and social services settings around the world. (thetreetop.com)
Further research is suggested to analyze the most effective components of this treatment package, and to assess prompt fading strategies. (abainternational.org)

As part of the EMOTER project (PI Giovanna Colombetti, 2010-2014), funded by the European Research Council, we are investigating whether reflecting upon and labelling emotional experience has the potential to change the experience of emotion. (exeter.ac.uk)

METHODS: Trained observers visited urban waterpipe cafes on multiple occasions during an 8-month period. (who.int)

My research programme centres upon developing more effective psychosocial interventions for Bipolar Disorder and Depression. (exeter.ac.uk)

This course introduces students to the development of applied skills in an internship setting, with the goal of developing the candidate for entry-level position within an academic psychology department. (hailpapers.com)
He then became the chairman of the department of psychology at Indiana University. (benjaminbarber.org)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 117 consecutive adult patients referred to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Paedodontics of Wroclaw Medical University were included in the study. (who.int)

The study also emphasizes the importance of utilizing scientific psychology to enhance performance beyond traditional methods such as in-class learning. (researchgate.net)
Gentle parenting is an approach that prioritizes the emotional well-being of children and emphasizes positive communication, empathy, and understanding. (rooparenting.com)

Below is the answer Dr. Taylor gave Lexi, in which he emphasized the importance of creating an EPPP study schedule and using research-based methodologies of memory and learning. (taylorstudymethod.com)
We would appreciate your input on occupational health and safety training, particularly the feasibility of adding additional rigor to research designs through use of randomized controlled trials or other methodologies utilizing comparison groups, novel methods for evaluating "transfer of training" into the workplace, and methods that facilitate the measurement of "return on investment" of training to organizations. (cdc.gov)

Occasionally, in addition or opposition to employing the scientific method, it also relies on symbolic interpretation and critical analysis, although these traditions have tended to be less pronounced than in other social sciences, such as sociology. (wikipedia.org)
Individuals' social contexts are broadly recognized to impact both their psychology and neurobiology. (awionline.org)
Social class , wealth , culture and income have a very strong impact on what methods of child rearing parents use. (wikipedia.org)
Review their website and/or social media pages for a description of their training methods. (vin.com)
For example, if someone found conversing with others to be reinforcing, had other individuals available with whom to converse, and possessed the social skills needed to engage one of those individuals in conversation, then he or she could experience positive reinforcement. (medscape.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms4

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Psychiatry and Psychology146

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations24

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena20

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities7

Information Science16

Named Groups4

Health Care32

Geographicals2

Behaviors16

Behavior29

Behaviour11

Aversive methods2

Punishment3

Operant2

Negative6

Outcomes5

Centre2

Rewards1

Skinner1

Praise1

Utilize1

Principles1

Consequences1

Clicker1

Investigate1

Behaviours1

Additionally2

Approaches3

Practice1

Efficacy1

Involves1

Developmental3

20232

Reward-based methods2

20221

Quantitative2

Classroom1

Techniques3

Focuses1

Ethical4

Neuroscience research2

Child's2

Practical3

Aims2

Consistent1

Discipline1

Behavioural2

Extinction2

Biomedical3

Assessment1

Response5

Attitudes1

Motivation1

Clinical6

Findings1

Reduction1

People5

Treatment4

Change1

Observers1

Interventions1

Department3

Emphasizes2

Methodologies2

Social5