• Recombinant inbred strains or lines were first developed using inbred strains of mice but are now used to study a wide range of organisms - Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), Zea mays (maize), barley, Drosophila melanogaster, C. elegans and rat. (wikipedia.org)
  • More laboratory mice are used in research every year than any other animal species. (uwm.edu)
  • There are over 400 documented inbred strains of mice. (uwm.edu)
  • One naturally occurring genetic defect in mice results in an animal with no hair that is called a nude. (uwm.edu)
  • The most commonly used methods for catching and picking up mice are grasping the animal near the tip of the tail, between thumb and forefinger, or by grasping the tail near the base or the neck between the ends of a smooth tipped forceps. (uwm.edu)
  • Moreover, increase in preclinical activities by various pharmaceutical and contract research organizations in the region are further expected to contribute to the growth of the mice model market during the forecast period. (medgadget.com)
  • The use of genetically defined inbred mouse strains, humanized mice, and gene knockout mice has enabled the research community to study the process of the way pathogens cause diseases, the role of specific host genes in controlling or promoting disease, and potential targets for prevention or identification of treatment for a variety of infectious agents. (medgadget.com)
  • Aside from coronavirus studies, mice models are considered the best small animal models for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Zika virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). (medgadget.com)
  • Their genetic diversity makes them better animal models than the inbred strains of mice that are typically used in aging research. (brainfacts.org)
  • Mice (around 280 strains which include inbred, out bred and genetically engineered lines), Rats (out bred stocks like Wistar, Sprague Dawley, Long Evans and several transgenic rat strains), Xenopus laevis and Zebra fish . (ncbs.res.in)
  • METHOD: The effects of alloimmunization against paternal strain antigens were tested in pregnant mice subjected to stress. (mcmaster.ca)
  • In mice, the attenuated strains possess a low degree of virulence, due to toxin production. (cdc.gov)
  • The classical laboratory inbred mouse strains derive from a small, ancestral population of wild mice that were selectively bred for traits of interest by mouse fanciers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (jax.org)
  • With the broad goal of elevating the profile of wild mice in biomedical research, my group is pursuing population genomic investigations in wild mice to understand the natural evolutionary forces that shape variation in wild mouse populations. (jax.org)
  • My work relied on wild-derived inbred mice as a model system, and I gained relevant practical experience with wild mouse husbandry, colony maintenance, and mouse reproductive phenotyping. (jax.org)
  • In this review, we summarize the current advances of the IMPC in cardiac research and describe in detail the diagnostic requirements of high-throughput electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography capable of detecting cardiac arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies in mice. (springer.com)
  • Note to the Reader Please cite this work as: Williams RW, Gu J, Qi S, Lu L (2001) The genetic structure of recombinant inbred mice: High-resolution consensus maps for complex trait analysis. (nervenet.org)
  • Recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice are an important resource used to map and analyze complex traits. (nervenet.org)
  • The majority of mice are used for cancer research. (musmusculus.eu)
  • Most recently, mice were recognized to offer unique opportunities to explore the genetic basis of the response, as well as to evaluate associated detrimental effects of pathophysiological significance in animals exposed to carcinogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Animal models, specifically mice models, usually receive a large portion of research investment. (reportsanddata.com)
  • Mice have been used as models of human biology and diseases, due to their phylogenetic and physiological similarities to humans, ease with which they can be maintained and bred in the laboratory, and existence of various inbred strains. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The global mice model market is expected to be primarily driven by use of mice models in cancer research. (reportsanddata.com)
  • Complying with required legislation for use of animal models can be time-consuming and inconvenient, and could restrain growth of the global mice model market. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The inbred mice segment accounted for the largest share in 2020. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The growth of the segment can be attributed to rising use of inbred mice in research of pharmacology and cardiovascular diseases, and to study responses of monoclonal antibodies. (reportsanddata.com)
  • These type of mice are being considered as an important tool in genetics studies of complex diseases, owing to which there is high demand for inbred mice. (reportsanddata.com)
  • On the genetic background of the inbred strain C3H heterozygous mutant mice showed a pathological increase of the plasma urea concentration. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Strains of laboratory mice that are inbred for higher metabolic rates show stronger immune responses to immune challenge with stronger antigen-specific IgM production than strains bred for lower metabolic rates. (cdc.gov)
  • The percentage of glomeruli exhibiting histological evidence of injury was not significantly different in the three strains of rats. (eur.nl)
  • These results indicate that autoregulation of RBF is impaired in FHH rats before the development of glomerulosclerosis and suggest that an abnormality in the control of renal vascular resistance may contribute to the development of proteinuria and renal failure in this strain of rats. (eur.nl)
  • If he insists on 6 rats, remind him that this won't pass muster anymore with the animal care and use committee (ACUC). (pmean.com)
  • First, carefully inbred strains of rats are all living in an environment that is carefully controlled to assure uniformity. (pmean.com)
  • The WMI and WLI inbred strains of rats we propose to use in this study were selectively bred from the stress-vulnerable Wistar Kyoto rat. (hhs.gov)
  • Strain susceptibility and resistance to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced enteric tumors in germfree rats (40146). (cdc.gov)
  • Rats, Inbred F344. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inbred Fischer rats have greater HPA activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inbred Fischer rats produce greater amounts of the abovementioned substances, which has a direct effect on the nervous, connective, and epithelial tissues of the periodontium, facilitating the progression of ligatureinduced periodontitis 7-9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line (RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The simplified and known genetic background of captive mouse populations such as the Collaborative Cross, BXD recombinant inbred strain panel, the Diversity Outbred population, and collections of diverse inbred strains render them uniquely powerful resources for studying the mechanisms of short-term genome evolution and genomic inheritance. (jax.org)
  • The genesis from the C26 digestive tract carcinoma model In 1975, during an attempt to determine an animal digestive tract tumor model for natural and chemotherapy research, digestive tract tumors had been induced and transplanted in various inbred mouse strains. (bio-cavagnou.info)
  • The first set of eight strains, the CXB family, were generated by Donald Bailey at the Jackson Laboratory from an intercross between a female BALB/cBy mouse (abbreviated C) and a male C57BL/6By mouse in the 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common inbred strains include BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6 and DBA. (uwm.edu)
  • and two hypertaurinuric (taut-) strains, C57BL/6J and PRO/Re. (jci.org)
  • In this study we have increased the density of microsatellite markers 2- to 5-fold in each of several major RI sets that share C57BL/6 as a parental strain (AXB, BXA, BXD, BXH, and CXB). (nervenet.org)
  • A method of correcting these defective genes (gene therapy) is being developed in animals with hopes that prevention or a cure for humans will result. (uwm.edu)
  • Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
  • It is probably not possible for humans to acquire a Sterne strain infection by the respiratory or oral route. (cdc.gov)
  • Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans representing the importance for its tremendous use in biomedical research (Mukherjee et al. (springer.com)
  • But for a better understanding of disease biology, an animal model like the mouse model is needed to have genetic similarities with humans. (businesstomark.com)
  • The role of the mouse model is significant due to being genetically similar (99%) to humans and successfully used for various aspects of human research, including genome-related diseases, immunological disorders, oncological conditions, pharmacological studies, and reproduction-related studies. (businesstomark.com)
  • There are seven major areas of medicine and biology, where animals are used, but majority of animal models is used to study the cause, nature and cure of diseases affecting both humans and animals. (ommegaonline.org)
  • When the use of laboratory animal is obligatory, the most appropriate specie, breed, and strain with the closest homology to humans must be chosen. (ommegaonline.org)
  • It is upon the researcher to ensure that research involving animals will contribute significantly to the health and welfare of either humans or animals. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Humans have been using animals as models of their anatomy and physiology since the dawn of medicine. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Ancient Greek physicians dissected animals for anatomical studies because of the taboos regarding the dissection of humans[1]. (ommegaonline.org)
  • results from animal experimentations are applied to humans. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The prion diseases are a large group of related neurodegenerative conditions, which affect both animals and humans. (medscape.com)
  • Outbred mouse stocks are also used in research. (uwm.edu)
  • We now have been utilizing the Inbred Lengthy- and Quick-Sleep mouse strains (ILS, ISS) and a recombinant inbred panel derived from them, the LXS, to research the genetic underpinnings of acute ethanol tolerance which is taken into account to be a threat issue for alcohol use issues (AUDs). (eumorphia.org)
  • The ACRC operates with substantial support from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) through a grant to create a National Mouse Research Resource (NaMoR) - ( grant# BT/PR5981/MED/31/181/2012;2013-2016;2018 & 102/IFD/SAN/5003/2017-2018. (ncbs.res.in)
  • My research leverages the power of the house mouse model system to address open questions in evolutionary genomics. (jax.org)
  • Our prior work has demonstrated that wild mouse populations harbor numerous predicted functional and disease-associated alleles, the majority of which are not present in classical inbred mouse strains and have therefore never been experimentally tested in the laboratory. (jax.org)
  • Handbook of mouse auditory research: from behavior to molecular biology. (cdc.gov)
  • The inbred mouse, while still variable from one mouse to another, appears to be less variable within strains. (cdc.gov)
  • Between strains, the mouse shows great differences in susceptibility to noise as well as differences in prebycusis. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal of this chapter is to review mouse noise -induced hearing loss research and speculate about organizing principles. (cdc.gov)
  • Most noise -induced hearing loss research has not been done in the mouse, but rather in the chinchilla, guinea pig, cat, and even rabbit. (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, RI strains have also been used to map QTLs that that are responsible for biometric variation in the architecture of the mouse CNS (Belknap et al. (nervenet.org)
  • The mouse is the most commonly used experimental animal, probably because of its small size and fecundity. (musmusculus.eu)
  • An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH . (nih.gov)
  • Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals in experiments (although some research about animals involves only natural behaviors or pure observation, such as a mouse running a maze or field studies of chimp troops ). (wmflabs.org)
  • BSRC Animal House provides mouse research models of the highest quality. (animalfacility.eu)
  • Methods and Materials: We recently showed that differential susceptibility to PQ neurotoxicity in four inbred mouse strains from the family of BXD recombinant inbred strains is associated with the increase in iron concentration in the ventral midbrain - the area containing both the SNc and ventral tegmentum. (cdc.gov)
  • We also studied genetic differences among 10 BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a proneurotoxicant (the active agent is the metabolite, MPP+ produced in astrocytes) used to model the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the ENU-induced mutant mouse line HST001 for use in nephrological research A dominant mutation was established in the line HST001 within the Munich ENU mouse mutagenesis project. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Mouse GRPs can be found as inbred lab and wild-derived mouse strains recombinant inbred strains interspecific recombinant inbred strains chromosome substitution strains and consomic strains [13]. (healthdisparitiesks.org)
  • A lot more than 200 commercially obtainable phylogenetically varied inbred mouse strains which contain plenty of genetic diversity to recognize main variations in response to a particular infection are. (healthdisparitiesks.org)
  • characterise several novel Rag1 −/− mouse strains and demonstrate that genetic background strongly influences xenograft development and phenotype. (biologists.com)
  • Thus, careful characterisation and judicious use of an array of mouse models provides an opportunity to address some of the issues surrounding both the reproducibility and translatability crises often referenced in pre-clinical cancer research. (biologists.com)
  • Chromosomes of recombinant inbred strains typically consist of alternating haplotypes of highly variable length that are inherited intact from the parental strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • This causes the genes to become homozygous (same strain) at nearly all the loci on the chromosomes. (uwm.edu)
  • Genomes of individuals strains typically incorporate 45-55 recombinations between parental chromosomes. (nervenet.org)
  • My research aims to understand the causes and consequences of variation in the mechanisms that govern DNA inheritance: chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
  • The final consensus maps are based on 1578 microsatellite loci and these maps have a cumulative length of approximately 1400 cM after adjustment for recombination frequencies of RI strains. (nervenet.org)
  • The only exception is that the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome, both of which are inherited intact from the paternal and maternal strain, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • For an RI strain to be useful for mapping purposes, the approximate position of recombinations along each chromosome need to be well defined either in terms of centimorgan or DNA basepair position. (wikipedia.org)
  • The small panel of 8 CXB strains was originally used to determine if the Major Histocompatibility (MHC) locus on proximal chromosome 17 was a key factor in different immune responses such as tissue rejection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since 2001, the Animal House of BSRC 'Alexander Fleming' provides high quality breeding and experimental environment and animal models to the biomedical research community, promoting animal welfare, excellence and scientific interaction. (animalfacility.eu)
  • Noise researchers know that noise susceptibility in experimental animals is quite variable (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • The transmission of this disease was demonstrated first in 1943 when a population of Scottish sheep was accidentally inoculated against a common virus using a formalin extract of lymphoid tissue from an animal with scrapie. (medscape.com)
  • lymphoid tissue, and digestive tract), which the animal model captures the It can be difficult to parse out concordance has often been ob- range of potential human response reasons for lack of tumour site con- served among different species after to the particular agent tested. (who.int)
  • Recombinant inbred strains are now widely used in systems genetics and to study gene-environment interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] It includes pure research (such as genetics , developmental biology , and behavioral studies ) as well as applied research (such as biomedical research , xenotransplantation , drug testing, and toxicology tests , including cosmetics testing ). (wmflabs.org)
  • As genotyping became progressively less expensive and more accurate the main advantage of using recombinant inbred strains and other genetic reference panels shifted to the ability to assemble massive and coherent databases on phenotypes (e.g., the GeneNetwork web service), and to use these coherent open-source data sets for large-scale collaborative research projects in predictive medicine and plant and animal research. (wikipedia.org)
  • All else being equal, the larger the family of recombinant inbred strains, the greater the power and resolution with which phenotypes can be mapped to chromosomal locations. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mapping strategy is supported by the high heritability, large effect size of strain on phenotypes, and existing whole genome sequencing data for the WMI and WLI strains ( ~100x coverage per strain, with ~4,400 high confidence polymorphisms between strains). (hhs.gov)
  • We therefore hypothesized that genetically-determined stress response to oxycodone withdrawal drives the strain differences in oxycodone self-administration and reinstatement of oxycodone seeking. (hhs.gov)
  • All the Rodent animal rooms have a controlled environment with 20-22'c temperature, 50-60 relative humidity, 0.3 micron HEPA filtered air supply at 15-20 ACPH and 14/10 light/dark cycle maintained. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Experimental rodent models play a central role in cardiovascular disease research by effectively simulating human cardiovascular diseases. (springer.com)
  • Majority of the rodent strains are bred under strictly inbred conditions. (actrec.gov.in)
  • Inbred strains are the result of at least 20 generations of brother-sister mating. (uwm.edu)
  • Established as speed congenics (5 generations, microsatellite marker) at the University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Institute for Animal Experimentation in 1998. (mcw.edu)
  • The animals in group B were given intramuscular betamethasone daily, those in group S were given saline injections daily, and those in group C were not submitted to any intervention. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ten days after starting the injections, periodontal disease was induced in the animals from groups B and S by tying a sterile silk suture thread around the upper right second molar. (bvsalud.org)
  • The terms animal testing, animal experimentation , animal research, in vivo testing , and vivisection have similar denotations but different connotations . (wmflabs.org)
  • BSRC Animal House provides state of the art installation, phenotyping equipment, specialized personnel and animal models for research protocols, ensuring high standards of experimentation. (animalfacility.eu)
  • Undoubtedly, animal experimentation has played a central role in biomedical research throughout history, where animals were first used as models of anatomy and physiology. (ommegaonline.org)
  • It is our moral duty to ascertain that animal experimentation should cause as little suffering to animals, as possible and should only be performed where necessary. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The Animal Facility maintains the records of day to day activities as well as breeding, maintenance and experimentation records of the animals as per the statutory requirement of CPCSEA and keeping in mind the future requirement of the NABL accreditation. (actrec.gov.in)
  • Families of recombinant inbred strains numbering from 25 to 5000 are often used to map the locations of DNA sequence differences (quantitative trait loci) that contributed to differences in phenotype in model organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the potential utility of recombinant inbred strains in mapping analysis of complex polygenic traits was obvious from the outset, the small number of strains only made it feasible to map quantitative traits with very large effects (quasi-Mendelian loci). (wikipedia.org)
  • Somewhat larger families of recombinant inbred strains were generated concurrently by Benjamin Taylor to map Mendelian and other major effect loci. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recombinant inbred (RI) strains have been used to map a wide range of Mendelian loci and quantitative traits (Taylor, 1989). (nervenet.org)
  • Compared with normal wild type strains which produce both the toxin and the capsule, the Sterne strain is relatively avirulent, however immunization using the Sterne strain is able to stimulate a protective immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • The Sterne strain is currently the predominant strain used for immunization of domesticated animals against anthrax worldwide, and has been used for this purpose for many decades. (cdc.gov)
  • Market revenue growth is driven by key factor such as significant increase of biomedical research in most developed and developing countries over the last decade. (reportsanddata.com)
  • It became the first published book to advocate creating "induced animal models" for biomedical research, by proposing the use of chemical and physical induction of disease in animals. (ommegaonline.org)
  • ABSTRACT Outbreaks of Bacillus anthracis in animals are repeatedly reported in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • Strain is transferred to Ozgene ARC in 2023. (ozgene.com)
  • Routine manipulation of the strain in a microbiology laboratory is not likely to result in exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The ground floor houses the service areas (washing, autoclaving and animal feed) and also various laboratories (biochemistry, microbiology, genetic monitoring and histology) and quarantine room. (actrec.gov.in)
  • A stringent program for clinico-pathology, microbiology, genetic monitoring of the laboratory rodents and animal feed ensures quality control of the animals. (actrec.gov.in)
  • The weekly sampling schedule is devised such a way that every 12 weeks representative animal from all the strains are covered under the conventional microbiology testing. (actrec.gov.in)
  • Animal experiments usually do produce pretty striking differences between groups. (pmean.com)
  • There were also strain and sex differences in basal plasma corticosterone (CORT) and steady-state hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) expression. (hhs.gov)
  • Competing causes of mortali- or all of the animal species tested genetic variation, health status, life ty may prevent the development of experimentally. (who.int)
  • With the emergence of new infectious diseases, the animal model has become a vital tool for studying disease mechanisms and developing therapeutics. (medgadget.com)
  • In 2020, the veterinary segment accounted for the largest revenue share, due to rising prevalence of several animal disorders such as seizures and severe infectious diseases, resulting in increasing R&D to develop veterinary medicines. (reportsanddata.com)
  • At present, animals in research are essential not only in areas of neurological, infectious, digestive, genetic and chronic diseases, but also play a crucial role in the development of antibiotics, vaccines as well as in proper understanding of various diagnostics and prognostic tests. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The turning of the century saw the development and use of animal models for infectious diseases and screening and the evaluation of new antibacterial drugs based upon the work of these three researchers. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Each strain has a single fixed genome and it is also possible to resample a given genotype multiple times in multiple environments to obtain highly accurate estimates of genetic and environmental effects and their interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 has prompted animal models to study its pathology and develop an effective treatment. (medgadget.com)
  • Dhawan,V. Animals in Research: Contemplating the Need (2019) J Vet Sci Ani Wel 3(1): 5012. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Another technique involves the removal or blocking instead of addition of a gene from the animal. (uwm.edu)
  • RI strains can therefore be exploited to expose gene-environment interactions. (nervenet.org)
  • In comparing the effect of PQ on gene expression in the ventral midbrain, one PQ-susceptible strain showed changes in more than 300 transcripts whereas one resistant strain showed changes in fewer than one dozen transcripts. (cdc.gov)
  • In the 1990s the utility of recombinant inbred strains for mapping was significantly improved thanks to higher density genotypes made possible by the use of microsatellite markers. (wikipedia.org)
  • whereas in the resistant strain, the few altered genes are related to intermediate metabolisms. (cdc.gov)
  • The virulent strains of etative cells and activate the spores. (who.int)
  • pairs of the F2 progeny are then mated to establish inbred strains through long-term inbreeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • A lot of times, you are using an animal experiment to establish the plausibility of a biological pathway or a mechanism of action. (pmean.com)
  • Since, new animal models are continually being characterized, identifying and selecting the most appropriate animal model is the single most essential element in animal-based research. (ommegaonline.org)
  • The WMI is an established animal model of depression and vulnerability to stress, while the WLI serves as its isogenic control. (hhs.gov)
  • Genetic animal model, contextual fear conditioning, anxiety. (bvsalud.org)
  • Importantly, the ACRC is dedicated to ensuring the humane and ethical usage of animals for research pursuits by strictly complying with the CPCSEA and in-house animal care principles, rules, regulations and guidelines. (ncbs.res.in)
  • All animal work was approved by the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and was conducted according the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. (cdc.gov)
  • Animal Resource Centre (ARC), Western Australia received stock strain from Murdoch University, Perth, Australia as F12 (1981). (ozgene.com)
  • 1Immunology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran (Correspondence to F. Vahedi: [email protected]). (who.int)
  • Two strains may be bred together to produce a mixture of the genes of each strain. (uwm.edu)
  • These animals are used to study the function of the various genes. (uwm.edu)
  • In contrast, interactions between genes and the environment cannot usually be studied using conventional mapping populations in which each animal is unique. (nervenet.org)
  • In the strain most susceptible to MPTP toxicity we observed a significant increase in iron concentration in the ventral midbrain. (cdc.gov)
  • Animal models include a variety of inbred and outbred strains, as well as models for human disease. (animalfacility.eu)
  • Recent years have seen growing interest in the development of genetic animal models to investigate the bidirectional relationship between trait anxiety and defensive reactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most laboratory animals have the same set of organs - heart, lungs, liver, and so on which work in the same way as they do in human. (ommegaonline.org)
  • All projects run in the ACRC are cleared by the institutional animal ethics committee. (ncbs.res.in)
  • The main activity of the Laboratory Animal Facility is to breed, maintain and supply quality rodents to in-house researchers, as per the sanction from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). (actrec.gov.in)
  • Furthermore, careful re-introduction of biological variation, be that through outbred populations, environmental diversity or including animals of both sexes, can ensure that results are more broadly applicable and are less impacted by particular traits of homogeneous experimental populations. (biologists.com)
  • What is the Sterne strain (34F2) of Bacillus anthracis ? (cdc.gov)
  • RÉSUMÉ Des épidémies de Bacillus anthracis chez les animaux sont souvent signalées en République islamique d'Iran. (who.int)
  • No human disease due to anthrax caused by the Sterne strain has been reported. (cdc.gov)
  • Worldwide it is estimated that the number of vertebrate animals-from zebrafish to non-human primates -ranges from the tens of millions to more than 100 million used annually. (wmflabs.org)
  • [ 22 ] Avenzoar , an Arabic physician in 12th-century Moorish Spain who also practiced dissection, introduced animal testing as an experimental method of testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients. (wmflabs.org)
  • Dear Professor Mean, I've spent my entire career (so far) in developing statistical analysis plans for human subjects research. (pmean.com)
  • The rules for animal research are pretty much the same as for human research with one or two possible exception. (pmean.com)
  • Much of the genetic and environmental fluctations common to human studies are controlled for in an animal study, leading to smaller sample sizes. (pmean.com)
  • Human biology is very much similar to that of many other animals. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Therefore animal choices are crucial to check human studies [12] absolutely. (healthdisparitiesks.org)
  • Prominent physicians from this period who performed "vivisections" (stricto sensu the exploratory surgery of live animals, and historically used lato sensu as a depreciative way of referring to animal experiments) include Alcmaeon of Croton (6th-5th century BC)[2,3]. (ommegaonline.org)
  • This includes, but is not limited to, the acquisition and housing of laboratory animals, training researchers regarding proper animal care and use, providing state-of-the art facilities, and monitoring the safety of all personnel with laboratory animal contact. (ncbs.res.in)
  • The Laboratory Animal Facility (LAF) is located in an exclusive and specially designed building with over 15,000 sq. ft. area spread over two floors. (actrec.gov.in)
  • The Laboratory Animal Facility is registered with the 'Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals' (CPCSEA) for breeding, trade and conducting experiment on small laboratory animals vide registration no. 65/GO/ReiBiBt/S/1999/CPCSEA dt. (actrec.gov.in)
  • Microbiological examination of animal room air, animal feed, water, bedding material, stool samples and animal organs from moribund animals is also carried out whenever required. (actrec.gov.in)