Research and therapeutic cloning scnt clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes known as reproductive cloning, is often accomplished via somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Thus, while Ramsey agreed that there is a human being present immediately at fertilization, he did not agree that it was also a human embryo or a human person - the classic "pre-embryo" argument. (lifeissues.net)
The human embryo did not begin until after 14-days, thus the above quote from Saunders would not apply. (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
6. " ... any living human embryo has the inherent 'potential' to develop into a healthy baby . (lifeissues.net)
Originally the relevant philosophical term was "potency" (or inherent power or capacity conveyed by a specific nature) was used to apply to an already existing substance - such as a new living human embryo. (lifeissues.net)
In that sense, the human embryo would not be even a human being yet, much less a human person. (lifeissues.net)
Thus if by "potential" one means "potency" - i.e., that the early human embryo already exists with a human nature that is already there, and has its own inherent power or capacity (provided by that human nature) to simply grow bigger and bigger through all the usual developmental stages through birth, then such a statement stands as accurate - both scientifically and philosophically. (lifeissues.net)
That is, it would be acknowledging that the human embryo and the human " baby " are the same human being and human person throughout all of his/her development. (lifeissues.net)
On the other hand, if by "potential" one means that the human embryo is not a human being or human person yet , but might be later once it has been born (i.e., a "baby"), then that statement is both scientifically and philosophically incorrect. (lifeissues.net)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
A little shot of electricity comes next, and if all goes well, a new human cloned embryo comes into being and begins to develop in the same way as a sexually created embryo. (cbc-network.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)

In 1996, Dolly the sheep achieved notoriety for being the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Campbell and his team also cloned a sheep from adult cells in 1996, which they named Dolly. (asu.edu)
Dolly was the first mammal cloned from specialized adult (somatic) cells with the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)
is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)

The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)

The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)

And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
Most human embryos reproduced by most human cloning techniques would actually be genetically unique -- i.e., having never existed before. (lifeissues.net)

A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)
Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)

from nationalreview.com Let's call it "stealth human-cloning legalization. (cbc-network.org)
article: Now, he's done it again by signing up as a co-sponsor (along with Senators Orin Hatch and Dianne Feinstein) of what could be called the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimization Act of 2003 (S. 303) . (lifeissues.net)
The cloning "bans" being supported in his article could likewise be called "the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimazation Acts of 2003" (e.g. (lifeissues.net)

Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
Imagine a world in which human beings can be replicated using cloning. (visit-now.net)

Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. (wikipedia.org)
In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
Natural cloning occurs through a variety of natural mechanisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)

depictions commonly involve themes related to identity, the recreation of historical figures or extinct species, or cloning for exploitation (i.e. cloning soldiers for warfare). (wikipedia.org)
Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. (wikipedia.org)
When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)

The pace of scientific development has been directly promoted by substantial increases in OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) government funding for genetic and biotechnological research. (edu.au)

Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)

In bioethics, there are a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning. (wikipedia.org)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)

The use of embryonic stem cells, which can be produced through SCNT, in some stem cell research has attracted controversy. (wikipedia.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)

Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

article: But, S. 303 does not outlaw the act of human cloning at all . (lifeissues.net)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

In 1995, Campbell and his scientific team used cells grown and differentiated in a laboratory to clone sheep for the first time. (asu.edu)

a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)

In the case of asexually creating a human, the biotechnologist removes the nucleus from a mature human egg (an oocyte). (cbc-network.org)

It defines the term "cloning of a human being" inaccurately. (cbc-network.org)

It has not yet been " ensouled " - and so is not yet a " person " - i.e., a human subject to be protected from abuse in experimentation. (lifeissues.net)

There are now two ways to create new mammalian life, including humans. (cbc-network.org)

Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
If artificial cloning and natural cloning both lead to the same result, which is the formation of a clone, that is, an organism with identical or nearly identical genes to another organism, then the plight of This creation is very different between the two creatures. (wikipedia.org)
The main difference between the two is that natural cloning does not involve any human intervention, whereas artificial cloning is a genetic engineering technique. (wikipedia.org)

While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. (wikipedia.org)
However, a number of other features are needed, and a variety of specialised cloning vectors (small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted) exist that allow protein production, affinity tagging, single-stranded RNA or DNA production and a host of other molecular biology tools. (wikipedia.org)

To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)

Coined by Herbert J. Webber, the term clone derives from the Ancient Greek word κλών (klōn), twig, which is the process whereby a new plant is created from a twig. (wikipedia.org)
If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)

PRRSV infection results in severe reproductive failure in gilts and respiratory disease in pigs of all ages and further complicates polymicrobial disease syndromes such as porcine circovirus-associated disease ( 3 ). (ijbs.com)

Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)

Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)

Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context, the spelling clone has been used exclusively. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, while the term "human being" is not defined in the legislation, in this context, it can only mean the birth of a cloned baby. (cbc-network.org)

b) But there is a more fundamental reason why Ramsey's statement might not apply to the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
Surely one of the most critical issues before the world today is the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

From his research on immunology, Good was able to perform the first successful allogeneic (donor and recipient are unrelated) bone marrow transplant. (asu.edu)
Here, we substituted exon 7 of porcine CD163 with the corresponding exon of human CD163-like 1 ( hCD163L1 ) using a CRISPR/Cas9 system combined with a donor vector. (ijbs.com)

In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)

Occasionally, the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest, such as in positional cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)

In 2001, Fisher co-discovered the FOXP2 gene with Cecilia Lai, a gene related to language acquisition in humans and vocalization in other mammals. (asu.edu)
When damaged, the human version of the gene leads to language disorders that disrupt language and speech skills. (asu.edu)

Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
In recent years, genetically modification technology has been widely used for anti-PRRSV research and has made good progress ( 11 - 14 ). (ijbs.com)

Still, I want to see those references - every single one of them - from published peer-reviewed scientific textbooks in human embryology, and in accord with the international nomenclature. (lifeissues.net)
In other research areas, commercial pressures have resulted in a changed culture with regard to scientific announcements. (edu.au)
This has led the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) to publish guidelines on the requirement for appropriate qualifications to scientific announcements to avoid unrealistic expectations in the community for the early introduction of medical products. (edu.au)

That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)

Unlike some movies, cloning in real life doesn't produce a full grown exact replica of someone. (bartleby.com)

Cloning is a natural form of reproduction that has allowed life forms to spread for hundreds of millions of years. (wikipedia.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)

The subject of human cloning has been around for much of the 20th century and beyond. (archstl.org)

Cloning has been proposed as a means of reviving extinct species. (wikipedia.org)
Comment: If by "waffling" Kettle means that one knowingly supports a fake ban on human cloning (see conclusion of article), then there is a whole lot of waffling going on - on both sides of the aisles. (lifeissues.net)

They are different uses for the cloned human lives created via cloning. (cbc-network.org)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)

But it is important to understand these are not different types of cloning. (cbc-network.org)
King showed that mutated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes cause two types of reproductive cancer, breast and ovarian cancer. (asu.edu)

It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
Although cloning is not an important issue presently, it could potentially replace sexual reproduction as our method of producing children. (bartleby.com)
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease and the most economically important disease of the swine industry worldwide. (ijbs.com)

Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)

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