Reproductive cloning genetically clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
3. With regard to human tissue cloning, Gregory Stock, a US biophysicist, states 'what real-world dangers do we face that might warrant so premature a repudiation of the therapeutic possibilities inherent in these scientific breakthroughs? (ethicalrights.com)
What's the difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning? (wisdomanswer.com)
Therapeutic cloning produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues. (wisdomanswer.com)
Gene cloning, also known as DNA cloning, is a very different process from reproductive and therapeutic cloning. (wisdomanswer.com)
Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
Robert P. Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology claimed his project is "proof of the principle that 'therapeutic cloning' can work. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
The human embryo is cloned, then used only for research or therapeutic treatments. (wnd.com)
Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., is the sponsor of a bill, S. 1899, that provides a comprehensive ban on human cloning, both "therapeutic" cloning and reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
Compare therapeutic cloning to reproductive cloning. (biologyforlife.com)
What deserves greater attention, however, is therapeutic cloning, a (potential) cloning application considered far more important to the biomedical and scientific communities and one far more ethically challenging. (reasons.org)
1] Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, creates human embryos merely as a source of embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
Crudely put, therapeutic cloning looks to generate human embryos solely for the body parts they can provide. (reasons.org)
Chapter four is a brief diversion into "therapeutic cloning" - cloning to provide stem cells or even entire body parts. (blogspot.com)

The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
This transfer of early-stage embryos is a crucial factor in successful assisted reproductive technology for dogs. (nature.com)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
Cloning could also be used by IVF couples to create more embryos for IVF procedures, and to create embryos, or help create a child, to be a donor of stem cells for a sick sibling or relative, and create children for homosexual couples that are genetically related to one or both of them (the latter situation would apply to female homosexuals). (ethicalrights.com)
Can biotechnology firms claim genetically modified, or GM, human embryos as intellectual property rights? (wnd.com)
Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)
Outline example of cloning animal embryos via natural and artificial embryo splitting. (biologyforlife.com)
3.5.A4 Production of clones embryos produced by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Outline the production of embryos via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Tragically, however, in order to harvest stem cells from human embryos, the embryos must be destroyed. (reasons.org)
This means that hundreds of human embryos would die to achieve a single live human clone birth. (reasons.org)
The main issue as to whether or not human cloning is possible through the splitting of embryos began in 1993 when experimentation was done at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington D. C. There Dr. Jerry Hall experimented with the possibility of human cloning and began this moral and ethical debate. (benjaminbarber.org)
They attempted to create seventeen human embryos in a laboratory dish and when it had grown enough, separated them into forty-eight individual cells. (benjaminbarber.org)
Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab developed into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin and consisting of thirty-two cells each (Brownlee 24). (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning embryos is different from the genetic process of in vitro fertilization, but still holds many similarities with it. (benjaminbarber.org)
In the ongoing debate about cloning human embryos for research, and about destroying them in order to harvest their stem cells, it is important to keep some basic facts in mind. (actionlife.org)

After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
A little shot of electricity comes next, and if all goes well, a new human cloned embryo comes into being and begins to develop in the same way as a sexually created embryo. (cbc-network.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
An electrical impulse is then applied to the egg cell to stimulate it to become an embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)
In January, the company revealed that a promising bovine study confirmed their expectations that cloned embryo cells could be directed to grow a functioning organ. (wnd.com)
The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)
3.5.U7 Animals can be cloned at the embryo stage by breaking up the embryo into more than one group of cells. (biologyforlife.com)
Describe the process of reproductive cloning via embryo splitting. (biologyforlife.com)
The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)
The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
Normally, the embryo comes into being through sexual conception, in which the female egg cell is fertilized by a male sperm cell. (actionlife.org)

The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
Plant cloning, such as the use of plant tissue culture techniques, is an asexual reproduction of plants to produce duplicates from one plant specimen. (wisdomanswer.com)
Is cloning asexual reproduction? (wisdomanswer.com)
Clones are cells that have come from asexual reproduction or a parent cell. (wisdomanswer.com)
What's the difference between Clone reproduction and asexual reproduction? (wisdomanswer.com)
The key difference between asexual reproduction and clone reproduction is the setting of the process. (wisdomanswer.com)
Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)

These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
Organism cloning (also called reproductive cloning) refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. (wisdomanswer.com)
Cloning or clone reproduction is an in vitro process of obtaining multiple copies of the same organism using molecular biological and genetic engineering techniques. (wisdomanswer.com)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
Reproductive cloning is performed with the express intent of creating another organism. (echeat.com)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
The new organism thus produced is genetically distinct from all other human beings and has embarked upon its own distinctive development. (actionlife.org)
This is cloning, a process in which the body cell that donated the replacement nucleus supplies the chromosomes of the new human organism. (actionlife.org)
Whether the new organism is produced by fertilization or by cloning, each new human organism is a distinct entity. (actionlife.org)

To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)
The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)

Cloning, the process of producing a genetically identical individual using the DNA of another individual, has been used over the past decade to revive extinct species. (umass.edu)

A senolytic (from the words senescence and -lytic, "destroying") is among a class of small molecules under basic research to determine if they can selectively induce death of senescent cells and improve health in humans. (wikipedia.org)
In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)
Critics of reproductive cloning point out that it inevitably will be used to create a "master race" of humans. (wnd.com)
Those two factors make attempts to clone humans for reproductive purposes ethically troubling. (reasons.org)
Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in today's society than it was twenty years ago. (benjaminbarber.org)
It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. (benjaminbarber.org)
There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. (benjaminbarber.org)
Common answers to the puzzling questions about humans and cloning are still trying to be answered today, and scientists and the public are eager to learn all they can about cloning. (benjaminbarber.org)

The experiment resulted in the birth of a Bucardo that was genetically identical to the donor cell. (umass.edu)
Snuppy is genetically identical to the donor Afghan hound. (nature.com)

Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (cyprus-mail.com)
Dolly, named after country singer Dolly Parton, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (cyprus-mail.com)
What happens when a clone is taken from an adult? (wisdomanswer.com)
As a consequence, clones created from a cell taken from an adult might have chromosomes that are already shorter than normal, which may condemn the clones' cells to a shorter life span. (wisdomanswer.com)
of these embryonic stem cells left and the adult stem cells are just not as promising. (echeat.com)
3.5.U8 Methods have been developed for cloning adult animals using differentiated cells. (biologyforlife.com)
Contrary to popular belief, stem cells are present in the human body throughout life and are found in many adult organs. (jcpa.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)

What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)
Some in the biomedical community hope to develop techniques to generate replacement tissues from these embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
Even though they can't be seen without a microscope, embryonic stem cells are in full view of the public's eye. (reasons.org)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
Cellular differentiation begins with the fertilized egg which serves as the identifying characteristic of an embryonic stem cell. (jcpa.org)
In addition, specific proteins or biological substances can be added to these stem cell cultures to transform them in the laboratory into a large variety of specialized cell types, such as nerve, liver, muscle, bone, and blood cells. (jcpa.org)
In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)
This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)
While it's entirely morally unproblematic to grow an organ in a vat (or at least, no more problematic than harvesting the stem cells in the first place), the easiest and most technologically feasible way to get parts is to grow an entire human being. (blogspot.com)

On e of the wardens protecting these animals in Chillingham Cattle Park, Denene Crossley, states how "being isolated, they've managed to essentially purify their gene pool, to the point where they're natural clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)
3] An international research team genetically engineered pig cells that lacked a functional form of the gene that codes for a key enzyme involved in the production of the cell surface sugars that cause HAR. (reasons.org)
To explore novel mechanisms and gene targets for HTN, the gene expression profiles of renal biopsy samples obtained from 2 healthy living donor controls and 5 HTN patients were determined by single-cell RNA sequencing. (bvsalud.org)
Together, our data identify a distinct cell-specific gene expression profile, pathogenic inflammatory signaling and potential cell-cell communications between endothelial cells or mesangial cells with other renal resident cells in HTN. (bvsalud.org)

After the birth of Dolly in 1996, the first successfully cloned mammal, excitement filled the scientific community and led to further investigation and development in the field of genetic engineering (Kolata, 1997). (umass.edu)

Reproductive cloning is defended as a means of providing children for infertile couples or for homosexual pairs. (wnd.com)

It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Describe the process of reproductive cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Outline the production of Dolly the sheep using somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
Another similar attempt was performed in 2011 when scientists from the Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine cloned the near-extinct Esfahan Mouflon. (umass.edu)
Dolly's creation triggered fears of human reproductive cloning, or producing genetic copies of living or dead people, but mainstream scientists have ruled this out as far too dangerous. (cyprus-mail.com)
Scientists cloned another Jersey calf using the same "standard cell-culturing techniques as compared to the method most commonly u. (echeat.com)
3.5.NOS Assessing risks associated with scientific research- scientists attempt to assess the risks associated with genetically modified crops or livestock. (biologyforlife.com)
A number of scientists are trying to create life in the lab, specifically artificial cells. (reasons.org)
These scientists experimented eagerly in aims of learning how to clone human. (benjaminbarber.org)

Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
Cellular cloning refers to a process in which "copies of a cell ar. (echeat.com)
To understand how the clones can create millions of copies of themselves and yet remain functional, Oldroyd and his team compared the genomes of Cape honeybee workers with those of their queen and her offspring. (timesofresearch.com)

Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
Many sources state that cloning is just simply an extension of in vitro fertilization, but the root of cloning goes further than that. (benjaminbarber.org)

Should Human Cloning Be Pursued? (bartleby.com)
WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
The subject of human cloning has been around for much of the 20th century and beyond. (archstl.org)
For performing human cloning: Punishment by confinement from 2 (two) to 5 (five) years and fine. (hinxtongroup.org)
from nationalreview.com Let's call it "stealth human-cloning legalization. (cbc-network.org)
It's easy to do: First, write a proposed law that you claim outlaws human cloning. (cbc-network.org)
your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)
1. Arguments supporting human cloning should not ordinarily be required. (ethicalrights.com)
2. There are many arguments for human cloning, reproductive and non-reproductive. (ethicalrights.com)
Gregory Pence's book, 'Who's afraid of human cloning? (ethicalrights.com)
Comment: If by "waffling" Kettle means that one knowingly supports a fake ban on human cloning (see conclusion of article), then there is a whole lot of waffling going on - on both sides of the aisles. (lifeissues.net)
article: Now, he's done it again by signing up as a co-sponsor (along with Senators Orin Hatch and Dianne Feinstein) of what could be called the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimization Act of 2003 (S. 303) . (lifeissues.net)
The cloning "bans" being supported in his article could likewise be called "the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimazation Acts of 2003" (e.g. (lifeissues.net)
article: But, S. 303 does not outlaw the act of human cloning at all . (lifeissues.net)
The first day of debate provoked strong arguments both in favor of freedom of research and in favor of a ban on human cloning. (wnd.com)
The United States Senate Judiciary Committee also is reviewing the human cloning issue. (wnd.com)
The Senate will consider three bills on human cloning in the spring. (wnd.com)
The House has already passed a strong total ban on human cloning, H.R. 2505. (wnd.com)
Knowledge The practice of human cloning i. (echeat.com)
In an article that talks about technological advances in general, human cloning is discussed. (echeat.com)
In ten pages this paper discusses human cloning and how it can be misused in a consideration that includes past Nazi abuse and con. (echeat.com)
In other words, the author relates legislation that allows for human cloning to take place in a research realm, as long as no clon. (echeat.com)
Clonaid's claim to have produced the first human clones propelled the ethical debate about human cloning to the headlines last December. (reasons.org)
This book was written in the late seventies and even then, societies reaction to the issues of human cloning was generally a negative one. (benjaminbarber.org)

3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
He led efforts to develop cloning, or nuclear transfer, techniques that could be used to make genetically modified sheep. (cyprus-mail.com)
The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nationalacademies.org)

British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday. (cyprus-mail.com)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)

The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)

In order to accomplish this, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service and private organizations should provide funds for cloning-based conservation programs to repopulate endangered species that cannot be saved through traditional conservation methods. (umass.edu)

Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
The plant can also be genetically altered so that it becomes immune to certain diseases and viruses. (wisdomanswer.com)

WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
Cloning allows one to propagate one's genes, and Richard Dawkins would argue that we create a greater bond to those genetically related to us-in this way cloning may be preferred by some couples over adoption. (ethicalrights.com)

Describe different ways in which natural clones can arise. (biologyforlife.com)

This reshuffling guarantees that, even with just one parent, future offspring will be genetically distinct. (timesofresearch.com)

Detailed descriptions of methods used in animal cloning and biotechnology are provided in the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (NRC, 2002). (nationalacademies.org)

This Iranian wild sheep was cloned using the same method as Folch et al. (umass.edu)
This involved taking a sheep egg, removing its DNA and replacing it with DNA from a frozen udder cell of a sheep that died years before. (cyprus-mail.com)

Given this fanfare, the debate has tended to focus on reproductive cloning-the use of cloning to generate a human being-and its bizarre societal and familial side effects. (reasons.org)
As the fertilized egg divides from one cell into two, physicians can separate these two cells and implant each one of them into a woman's uterus to generate two genetically identical children. (jcpa.org)

When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)
We can use this process to clone the last male White rhino to create a male that would successfully mate with the remaining females, and thus resolve the captive breeding issue. (umass.edu)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Schematic diagram of the somatic cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
By using the plant tissue culture process, these clones can be produced in quick succession and with uniformity - making it simpler for producers to supply consistent quality products on-demand. (wisdomanswer.com)
Cloning is an important process in Recombinant DNA technology. (wisdomanswer.com)
This is part of the natural aging process that seems to happen in all cell types. (wisdomanswer.com)
Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)
it will naturally not be long before we actively clone people as complete entities. (echeat.com)

Biologists have developed techniques for artificial manipulation of DNA, cells and organisms. (biologyforlife.com)
3.5.U5 Clones are groups of genetically identical organisms, derived from a single original parent cell. (biologyforlife.com)
It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual (Grolier 220). (benjaminbarber.org)

Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
Perfect Copy: Unravelling the Cloning Debate (Ikon, 2002) is an exploration of the ethics of cloning by Nick Agar , who lectured me in Bioethics and the ethics of genetic technologies when I was at Vic . (blogspot.com)

A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)

The genetically modified egg now has 46 chromosomes, the full human compliment. (cbc-network.org)
In sexual reproduction the new individual gets half of its chromosomes from the nucleus of the sperm cell and half from the nucleus of the egg cell. (actionlife.org)

It is, however, important to distinguish the use of bST from other biotechnologies, such as transgenic or cloned animals. (nationalacademies.org)

The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
Instead, an egg has its nucleus removed and replaced by a nucleus from another type of cell-a body cell. (actionlife.org)
35 It is true that I am excluding here as elsewhere red blood cells which have no nucleus once released into the blood, and sperm or eggs with only 1,500,000,000 bases in them. (globalchange.com)

One such approach, called "xenotransplantation" (the transplantation of living cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another species), turns to pigs as a source of organs for human transplants. (reasons.org)

Every human being begins as a single-cell zygote, grows through the embryonic stage, then the fetal stage, is born and develops through infancy, through childhood, and through adulthood, until death. (actionlife.org)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
The reality of genetic defects passed on to the cloned child ought to be discussed, according to Fernando Zegers-Hochschild, director of the Unit of Reproductive Medicine at Clinica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile. (wnd.com)

Science and technology has advanced to the point that we can now clone animals. (umass.edu)
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
As part of its charge, the committee was asked to prepare a subreport evaluating methods for detecting potential unintended compositional changes across the spectrum of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, metabolites and nutrients that may occur in food derived from cloned animals that have not been genetically modified via genetic engineering methods. (nationalacademies.org)
In addition, the committee was charged with evaluating methods to detect potential, unintended, adverse health effects of foods derived from cloned animals. (nationalacademies.org)
Reproductive cloning in animals has a 3-8 percent success rate. (wnd.com)

However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)

Reproductive cloning provides options for people with mitochondrial disease and for couples where the male has no viable sperm to create a child genetically related to himself. (ethicalrights.com)

3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)

Couples would not make a frivolous decision to clone a child, just as they do not make such decisions about undergoing IVF treatment. (ethicalrights.com)

What is the advantage of cloning plants using tissue culture? (wisdomanswer.com)
The technique of plant tissue culture involves micropropagation and plant cell culture. (wisdomanswer.com)
Plant tissue culture Totipotency is the ability of plant cells, where a cell can change to a meristematic state and can be differentiated into a whole plant. (wisdomanswer.com)
This property of plant cells has an advantage over Animal cell tissue culture. (wisdomanswer.com)
How are clones produced in plant tissue culture? (wisdomanswer.com)

The twins share common genes with their parents, but are genetically identical to each other. (geminigenetics.com)

Another argument in favor of animal cloning is that which relates to products. (echeat.com)
Common myths about immoral clones and a world full of exact duplicates are refuted in this paper, which argues in favor of continu. (echeat.com)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)

Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
and altering cell and tissue characteristics for biomedical research and manufacturing. (nationalacademies.org)

Anatomy1

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes4

Humanities5

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care1

Therapeutic22

Embryos18

Embryo21

Asexual reproduction9

Organism15

Blastocyst7

Producing a genetically identical1

Humans13

Identical to the donor2

Adult15

SCNT5

Stem20

Gene6

Successfully cloned1

Infertile couples1

Somatic cell6

Scientists7

Copies4

Vitro2

Human Cloning26

Nuclear6

Dolly the S2

Gestation1

Endangered species1

Diseases2

Ethically unacceptable1

Researchers2

Propagate2

Natural clones1

Distinct1

Biotechnology1

Sheep2

Generate2

Process11

Naturally4

Organisms3

Debate2

Donor cell1

Chromosomes2

Biotechnologies1

Nucleus4

Tissues1

Fetal1

Genetic defects2

Animals5

Inefficient2

Sperm1

Implications1

Couples1

Tissue culture5

Genes1

Favor2

Attempts fail1

Research2