Reproductive cloning by scnt genetically identical clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
Most embryos…formed one or two pronuclei at the time of removal from TSA, whereas a slightly higher portion of embryos cleaved…suggesting that some SCNT embryos did not exhibit visible pronuclei at the time of examination… Most cleaved embryos developed to the eight-cell stage…but few progressed to compact morula…and blastocyst. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

In 1996, Dolly the sheep achieved notoriety for being the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
CNN)For the first time, scientists say they created cloned primates using the same complicated cloning technique that made Dolly the sheep in 1996. (cmaaa.co.za)
In the case of Hua Hua and Zhong Zhong, researchers used modern technology developed only in the last couple of years to enhance the technique used to clone Dolly, which is called somatic cell transfer, or SCNT. (cmaaa.co.za)
When scientists made Dolly the sheep, years after she was born they used the same cell cluster to make four other sheep clones. (cmaaa.co.za)
is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)

It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
Activation of embryonic genes and transcription from the transplanted somatic cell nucleus are required for development of SCNT embryos beyond the eight-cell stage…Therefore, these results are consistent with the premise that our modified SCNT protocol supports reprogramming of human somatic cells to the embryonic state. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)

In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)

It may occur accidentally in the case of identical twins, which are formed when a fertilized egg splits, creating two or more embryos that carry almost identical DNA. (wikipedia.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
Previously, intra- and interspecific canine embryos have been constructed by canine SCNT into canine and bovine oocytes, respectively, but this did not result in viable offspring 9 . (nature.com)
This transfer of early-stage embryos is a crucial factor in successful assisted reproductive technology for dogs. (nature.com)
Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
These scientists destroyed the embryos and derived stem cell lines. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
A story in News.Com.Au-which runs stories from several Australian newspapers celebrates the cloning breakthrough because it means no embryos are used in the process! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
But it is an important step in research because it doesn't require the use of embryos in creating the type of stem cell capable of transforming into any other type of cell in the body. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The Los Angeles Times has waded in to the junk biology game, assuring us that no embryos are threatened in human cloning-WHEN THE WHOLE POINT OF HUMAN CLONING IS TO CREATE AN EMBRYO! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
In Tetra's case, scientists split the embryos, much like what happens naturally when identical twins develop. (cmaaa.co.za)

7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
The team tweaked the SCNT procedure using new technology that helped with the nucleus transfer and the fusion of cells. (cmaaa.co.za)
Speed while performing the procedure helped, they learned, and scientists discovered clones created out of cells from fetal tissue did better than when they used adult cells. (cmaaa.co.za)
While they succeeded in obtaining cloned macaques, the numbers are too low to make many conclusions, except that it remains a very inefficient and hazardous procedure,' said Robin Lovell-Badge, an embryologist and head of the Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics at the Francis Crick Institute. (cmaaa.co.za)

increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)

Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
Snuppy is genetically identical to the donor Afghan hound. (nature.com)
We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)

It may also be part of asexual reproduction, which is a process where a single parent organism produces genetically identical offspring by itself. (wikipedia.org)
If artificial cloning and natural cloning both lead to the same result, which is the formation of a clone, that is, an organism with identical or nearly identical genes to another organism, then the plight of This creation is very different between the two creatures. (wikipedia.org)
A cloned embryo-like a natural embryo-is an individual organism, a member of its (in this case, human) species. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)

Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. (wikipedia.org)
In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes known as reproductive cloning, is often accomplished via somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
Natural cloning occurs through a variety of natural mechanisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

The main difference between the two is that natural cloning does not involve any human intervention, whereas artificial cloning is a genetic engineering technique. (wikipedia.org)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
The subject of human cloning has been around for much of the 20th century and beyond. (archstl.org)
Ramsey's statement could thus not apply to the issue of human cloning to begin with. (lifeissues.net)
b) But there is a more fundamental reason why Ramsey's statement might not apply to the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Imagine a world in which human beings can be replicated using cloning. (visit-now.net)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
Comment: If by "waffling" Kettle means that one knowingly supports a fake ban on human cloning (see conclusion of article), then there is a whole lot of waffling going on - on both sides of the aisles. (lifeissues.net)
article: Now, he's done it again by signing up as a co-sponsor (along with Senators Orin Hatch and Dianne Feinstein) of what could be called the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimization Act of 2003 (S. 303) . (lifeissues.net)
The cloning "bans" being supported in his article could likewise be called "the Human Cloning Legalization and Legitimazation Acts of 2003" (e.g. (lifeissues.net)
It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
article: But, S. 303 does not outlaw the act of human cloning at all . (lifeissues.net)
The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
The junk biology is flying in the media's descriptions of the now accomplished human cloning. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Scientists have used cloning technology to transform human skin cells into embryonic stem cells, an experiment that may revive the controversy over human cloning. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The researchers stopped well short of creating a human clone. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
I now see that the old dishonest game is well afoot: Biotech types and media pretending that human cloning isn't really human cloning unless a baby is born. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
US researchers have reported a breakthrough in stem cell research, describing how they have turned human skin cells into embryonic stem cells for the first time. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The method described on Wednesday by Oregon State University scientists in the journal Cell, would not likely be able to create human clones, said Shoukhrat Mitalipov, senior scientist at the Oregon National Primate Research Center. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
Repeat after me: Human SCNT creates a human embryo through asexual means. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The team at OHSU [Oregon Health and Science University], which disclosed its work in a paper published online by Cell, created embryonic stem cells by replacing the nucleus in an unfertilized human egg with the nucleus from a skin cell, then harvesting the resulting stem cells. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
The SCNT technique has worked to create about 20 different animals including frogs, mice, rabbits, pigs, cows and even dogs, but there have been 'numerous attempts to clone non-human primate species, but they all failed,' said Mumming Poo, an author on the paper. (cmaaa.co.za)
He noted, critics will evoke, 'the slippery slope argument of this being one step closer to human cloning. (cmaaa.co.za)
Should Human Cloning Be Pursued? (bartleby.com)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

Scientists in 1999 created Tetra, a rhesus monkey, but used what researchers consider a simpler cloning method that produces a more limited number of off spring. (cmaaa.co.za)
In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
However, a number of other features are needed, and a variety of specialised cloning vectors (small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted) exist that allow protein production, affinity tagging, single-stranded RNA or DNA production and a host of other molecular biology tools. (wikipedia.org)

After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
The researchers remove the egg's nucleus -- the part of the cell that contains most of its genetic information-- and replace it with the nucleus from another cell. (cmaaa.co.za)

Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. (wikipedia.org)

The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)

depictions commonly involve themes related to identity, the recreation of historical figures or extinct species, or cloning for exploitation (i.e. cloning soldiers for warfare). (wikipedia.org)
When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)

The use of embryonic stem cells, which can be produced through SCNT, in some stem cell research has attracted controversy. (wikipedia.org)

In bioethics, there are a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning. (wikipedia.org)

Natural cloning is the production of clones without the involvement of genetic engineering techniques. (wikipedia.org)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)

Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. (wikipedia.org)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
So it is unlikely that the cells would be viable. (wikiquote.org)
Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

The birth of these clones also brings up ethical issues. (cmaaa.co.za)

This long-sought technique may eventually let doctors create replacement cells for a wide variety of tissues from bits of a patient's own skin. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)

Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)

Coined by Herbert J. Webber, the term clone derives from the Ancient Greek word κλών (klōn), twig, which is the process whereby a new plant is created from a twig. (wikipedia.org)
After that, the question becomes not whether to clone, but what to do with the embryo that was created through the cloning process. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)

If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)

Cloning has been proposed as a means of reviving extinct species. (wikipedia.org)

Shanghai scientists created two genetically identical and adorable long-tailed macaques. (cmaaa.co.za)

Cloning is a natural form of reproduction that has allowed life forms to spread for hundreds of millions of years. (wikipedia.org)
Although cloning is not an important issue presently, it could potentially replace sexual reproduction as our method of producing children. (bartleby.com)

Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context, the spelling clone has been used exclusively. (wikipedia.org)
Occasionally, the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest, such as in positional cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)

In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
That same cell cluster can make more genetically matched animals. (cmaaa.co.za)

The authors of the paper say they have no intention of trying and they believe their results should spark a wider discussion about the laws and regulations the world needs to regulate cloning. (cmaaa.co.za)

This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
A recent UNESCO draft document, although rather vague and deficient in itself, probably does the best job of at least initially identifying and describing some of these new reproductive technologies in relatively simple form, with a few generalized helpful sketches online. (lifeissues.net)

What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
Stem cell technology is the latest development in this controversial branch of science. (edu.au)
Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
The ethical and legal controversies that were aroused in the ART debates during the 1980s have been re-ignited with the development of stem cell technology. (edu.au)

The authors of this experiment say they will continue working to improve the SCNT approach. (cmaaa.co.za)

Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

The research was published in the journal Cell on Wednesday. (cmaaa.co.za)
She is not affiliated with the new study, but is working on reproductive technology research involving buffalo. (cmaaa.co.za)
In 1966, his final year at Nottingham, he received a scholarship to conduct research for a summer under English biologist Ernest John Christopher Polge in the Unit of Reproductive Physiology and Biochemistry, then a division of the Agricultural Research Council at the University of Cambridge. (mathisfunforum.com)

A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)

Unlike some movies, cloning in real life doesn't produce a full grown exact replica of someone. (bartleby.com)

a , Snuppy, the first cloned dog, at 67 days after birth (right), with the three-year-old male Afghan hound (left) whose somatic skin cells were used to clone him. (nature.com)

Anatomy2

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes5

Humanities1

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