• These include: Corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxR, a diphtheria toxin repressor, which regulates the expression of the high-affinity iron uptake system, other iron-sensitive genes, and the bacteriophage tox gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characterization and mapping of human genes encoding zinc finger proteins. (nih.gov)
  • that is, they inhibit the transcription of messenger RNA from their target genes. (proteopedia.org)
  • Each repressor targets a specific co-regulated group of genes by recognizing a specific sequence of DNA, called the operator in bacteria . (proteopedia.org)
  • Repressor proteins are coded for by regulatory genes. (proteopedia.org)
  • The lac repressor, and the group of genes it controls, which is called an operon , were the first such gene regulatory system to be discovered. (proteopedia.org)
  • These proteins work as activators or repressors of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
  • When a repressor is present, it stops the formation of growth-stimulating genes, in parallel activators start the transcription of growth-stimulating genes. (hightimes.com)
  • Subunit of the Set3 complex, which is a meiotic-specific repressor of sporulation specific genes tha. (yeastrc.org)
  • This protein is a transcription factor, which means it helps regulate the activity of other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specifically, the forkhead box G1 protein acts as a transcriptional repressor, turning off (repressing) the activity of certain genes when they are not needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the following paragraphs, we will write genes in italics and their associated proteins in Roman. (wikidoc.org)
  • At high concentration of cI, transcriptions of both genes are repressed. (wikidoc.org)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • Dispersed between the chromosomes are over 20,000 genes, sometimes separated by vast stretches of non-coding DNA, or that which does not encode proteins. (jove.com)
  • Genes themselves consist of protein-coding exons and non-coding introns. (jove.com)
  • In eukaryotic genomes, genes are separated by large stretches of DNA that do not code for proteins. (jove.com)
  • In Rosetta(DE3)pLacI, the rare tRNA genes are present on the same plasmid that carries the lac repressor gene. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Such strains are suitable for production of protein from target genes cloned in pET vectors by induction with IPTG. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The protein diversity of mammalian cells is determined by arrays of isoforms from genes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The bacterial cell is able to control many protein-coding genes (green lines at bottom) with relatively few controls (yellow and purple lines). (creation.com)
  • 1 It turns out that the bacterial genome has a few high-level instructions that control a few middle-level processes, that in turn control a massive number of protein-coding genes. (creation.com)
  • In wild-type embryos and embryos with elevated Hh signaling, Rest knockdown augments transcription of Hh target genes. (zfin.org)
  • the cell may regulate the transcription of individual genes through regulatory molecules (ex. (powershow.com)
  • Furthermore, the loss of DNA-binding activity correlates with increased expression of MMTV and other mammary-specific genes, including β-casein, whey acidic protein and α-lactalbumin, indicating that CDP150 is a developmentally controlled, naturally occurring dominant-negative protein. (utexas.edu)
  • Setting aside sporadic mutations, every somatic cell in the body contains an identical genome with an identical complement of genes, each of which encodes a specific protein. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • AcrR is a one-component allosteric repressor of the genes associated with lipid transport and antibiotic resistance. (rcsb.org)
  • Transcription factor Nrf2 is a key regulator of genes encoding phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant proteins in response to environmental chemical insults. (cdc.gov)
  • Among all JA downstream transcription factors, MYC2 is considered as the fatal point of the entire JA signaling pathway ( Kazan and Manners, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)
  • CUX1 isoforms are transcription factors, whereas CASP are Golgi proteins that share with CUX1 the N-terminal region but not the DNA binding motifs [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, we conclude that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) toxin production does not solely rely on the proteins previously identified but requires additional factors, as well. (usda.gov)
  • Major factors that may contribute to the proliferation of the leiomyoma are the decrease in the protein CCN5 and the expression of the gene HBP1--both of which are components of the Wnt signaling pathway, a fundamental pathway in normal development and in disease. (tufts.edu)
  • Advances in molecular biology and genome analysis now also allow for detailed descriptions of DNA-binding transcription factors and transcriptional regulatory networks. (medscape.com)
  • It is assumed that the Id helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins act by associating with ubiquitously expressed basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factors, such as E47 and E2-2, which prevents these factors from forming functional hetero- or homodimeric DNA binding complexes. (lu.se)
  • p200 CUX1 acts as a transcriptional repressor, whereas short CUX1 isoforms can activate or suppress transcription [ 1 , 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • Bacillus subtilis mntR, a manganese transport regulator, binds Mn2+ as an effector and is a transcriptional repressor of transporters for the import of manganese. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the lac repressor binds lactose, it changes to an inactive conformation that cannot repress the production of these enzymes. (proteopedia.org)
  • Cro binds to OR3 preventing access to the RM promoter preventing transcription and production of cI. (wikidoc.org)
  • Virgin mammary glands have high levels of full-length CDP that binds to negative regulatory elements (NRE) to repress MMTV transcription. (utexas.edu)
  • Binding of ferrous iron to the DtxR molecule forms a complex that binds to the tox gene operator and inhibits transcription. (medscape.com)
  • The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a candidate vaccine antigen that binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), leading to virus entry. (cdc.gov)
  • The dtxR protein regulates the expression of diphtheria toxin in response to environmental iron concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Archaeoglobus fulgidus MDR1 (troR), a metal-dependent transcriptional repressor, which negatively regulates its own transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2O regulates cellular clock function by promoting the degradation of the transcription factor BMAL1. (nih.gov)
  • It regulates the transcription of the cI protein and the Cro protein. (wikidoc.org)
  • The heterodimeric TSC complex negatively regulates mTORC1 activity via the GTPase activity of TSC2, towards the small G-protein RHEB (Ras homologue enriched in brain) [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
  • In addition, this protein regulates alternate splicing of the CFTR gene. (delveinsight.com)
  • 42329 iron %28metal%29 dependent repressor%2C DtxR family CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0049 complement(42326. (go.jp)
  • Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in naive T cells induces expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, a 'master' regulator of regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells). (nih.gov)
  • The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch associated with and promoted conjugation of ubiquitin to the transcription factor TIEG1. (nih.gov)
  • The transcription factor TATA-box binding protein (TBP) modulates gene expression in nuclei. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • Lnc408 can recruit transcript factor SP3 to CBY1 promoter to serve as an inhibitor in CBY1 transcription in BCSCs. (nature.com)
  • TCF1 is the first identified member of the T-cell-specific transcription factor family. (biolegend.com)
  • TCF1 is a transcription factor, involved in the canonical Wingless/Integration 1 (Wnt) signaling pathway. (biolegend.com)
  • 40535) Transcription factor TFIIB cyclin-related protein CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0047 complement(40887. (go.jp)
  • Studies of the transcriptional repressor REST/NRSF (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor or Neural Restrictive Silencing Factor) have provided important insight into the role that epigenetic modifications play in differential gene expression. (zfin.org)
  • Reduced SMO-dependent expression of Gli1 was demonstrated in both Tsc1 −/− and Tsc2 −/− cells, and we found that Tsc1 is required for TGF-β induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and subsequent expression of the HH signaling effector and transcription factor GLI2. (springer.com)
  • Active mTORC1 phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) to promote protein synthesis [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family, and can function as a cellular transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)
  • HBP1, an HMG Box transcription factor, is a cell cycle inhibitor and a transcriptional repressor of the Wnt signaling pathway. (tufts.edu)
  • The cellular factor, CCAAT displacement protein (CDP), is a transcriptional repressor of MMTV. (utexas.edu)
  • A model is proposed where the relative levels of active antagonist (RsbV1) and switch-protein anti-sigma factor (RsbW) control the availability of σ 66 and subsequently act as a molecular 'throttle' for Chlamydia growth and development. (plos.org)
  • Translocation of EWSR1 (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) with an ETS (E26 transformation-specific) transcription factor gene occurs in more than 95% of Ewing sarcomas. (medscape.com)
  • The domain is named after Corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxR, an iron-specific diphtheria toxin repressor, and Bacillus subtilis mntR, a manganese transport regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) indirectly increases ltxA expression but the intermediary regulator is unknown. (usda.gov)
  • In vitro analysis revealed that a putative switch-protein kinase regulator, RsbW, is capable of interacting directly with σ 66 , as well as phosphorylating its own antagonist, RsbV1, rendering it inactive. (plos.org)
  • Transcriptional regulator proteins are closely involved in essential survival strategies in bacteria. (rcsb.org)
  • The crystal structures of iron-regulated and manganese-regulated repressors show that the DNA binding domain contains three alpha-helices and a pair of antiparallel beta-strands. (wikipedia.org)
  • The team led by Dr. Kuo-Chiang Hsia (Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica) and Dr. Wei-Yi Chen (Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University) presents a cryo-EM structure of Kap114p, one of the Kap-βs, in complex with TATA box binding protein and reveals a non-canonical function beyond nuclear transport that modulates TBP-dependent transcription. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • 47904) TATA-box binding family protein CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0059 47991. (go.jp)
  • Previous work identified two proteins in the bacterial cell (IHF, CRP) that directly affect toxin level by either directly or indirectly binding to the cellular DNA code responsible for toxin production. (usda.gov)
  • As a result, we identified a third protein (Mlc) that is required for toxin synthesis by binding to the toxin's DNA. (usda.gov)
  • In addition to demonstrating different interactions between CRP and Mlc and their effects on periodontal toxin production, we also discovered how the IHF protein decreases toxin production by blocking Mlc binding to the toxin DNA. (usda.gov)
  • TDP-43 is a transcriptional repressor DNA binding protein and represses HIV-1 transcription. (delveinsight.com)
  • CDP is proteolytically processed within the homeodomain by a cysteine protease to generate a dominantnegative CDP150 protein that interferes with the DNA-binding and repressor activities of CDP. (utexas.edu)
  • The tox gene is regulated by a corynebacterial iron-binding repressor (DtxR). (medscape.com)
  • However, the Id proteins did complex with HES-1, and increased levels of Id2 reduced the DNA binding activity of HES-1. (lu.se)
  • Several tissue-specific bHLH proteins, including HASH-1, dHAND, and HES-1, are important for development of the nervous system. (lu.se)
  • Novagen Rosetta strains are BL21 derivatives designed to enhance the expression of eukaryotic proteins that contain codons rarely used in E. coli. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Proteins called repressors bind to these regions, preventing polymerase-promoter association, inhibiting transcription. (jove.com)
  • Among them a promoter, exons, introns, and regulatory elements, which together help to determine protein expression in a cell. (jove.com)
  • However, these intergenic regions carry important elements that regulate gene activity, for instance, the promoter where transcription starts, and enhancers and silencers that fine-tune gene expression. (jove.com)
  • The pLacI plasmid confers chloramphenicol resistance and provides enough lac repressor to inhibit transcription from the T7 lac promoter in the absence of inducer. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • First, analyses of ltxA RNA expression from defined leukotoxin promoter mutations in the chromosome identify -69 to -35 as the key control region and indicate that an activator protein modulates leukotoxin transcription. (usda.gov)
  • In differentiating neuroblastoma cells, HASH-1 is down-regulated, and there is coincident up-regulation of the transcriptional repressor HES-1, which is known to bind the HASH-1 promoter. (lu.se)
  • Studies with mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking endogenous nuclear CDP confirmed that CDP150 lacks transcriptional repressor or activator function for the MMTV LTR and β-casein. (utexas.edu)
  • Previous studies showed that Kap114p, a Kap-b that mediates nuclear import of yeast TBP (yTBP), modulates yTBP-dependent transcription. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • 32303) chromosome segregation and condensation protein%2C ScpB CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0039 complement(32287. (go.jp)
  • 32898) chromosome segregation and condensation protein ScpA CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0040 complement(32907. (go.jp)
  • 36314) chromosome segregation protein SMC CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0041 complement(36316. (go.jp)
  • Several proteins are known to contain a dtxR-type HTH domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the presence of ferrous iron, the DtxR-iron complex attaches to the tox gene operon, inhibiting transcription. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)
  • CUX1 is a conserved mammalian homolog of Drosophila melanogaster Cut that encodes for two types of proteins through alternative splicing: cut-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) and cut alternately spliced protein (CASP) [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • Expression of CUX1 proteins was reduced, although in early postnatal animals significantly more than in adults. (nature.com)
  • The repressor found in the phage lambda is a notable example of the level of control possible over gene expression by a very simple system. (wikidoc.org)
  • Expression host strains for pETBlue and pTriEx vectors are lDE3 lysogens that also carry the compatible pLacI plasmid, encoding the lac repressor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • While protein expression is dictated by the level of gene expression, the structure and function of the protein is largely determined by the isoforms of the mRNA of a given gene and are impacted by mutations or other structural alterations to the amino acids ( Faustino and Cooper, 2003 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Protein expression and function of organic anion transporters in short-term and long-term cultures of Huh7 human hepatoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Virus expression is low during early stages of mammary development, but high levels of MMTV transcription occur during lactation to ensure optimal viral transmission through maternal milk to the offspring. (utexas.edu)
  • Representative σ 66 -dependent gene transcription was repressed in the absence of rsbV1 or upon increased expression of RsbW, and increased upon elevated expression of RsbV1. (plos.org)
  • The Gel Beads were dissolved, and any respectively associated cells were lysed prior to reverse transcription, template switching and transcript extension. (elifesciences.org)
  • After transcription, the pre-mRNA transcript is spliced, joining coding exons together while excising introns and generating messenger RNA (mRNA), which is exported from the nucleus and read by ribosomes to produce polypeptides that fold into the final 3-dimensional structure of proteins ( Figure 1.1) . (ernolaszlo.com)
  • To accomplish this, the transcriptional unit is preceded by regulatory elements, such as promoters and enhancers, that modulate production of its protein encoding transcript ( Figure 1.2 ). (ernolaszlo.com)
  • We demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment suppressed transcript levels, protein levels, and activity of NHE1 in LLC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • CCN5 is a matricelluar protein, which has a role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and progression of certain cancers. (tufts.edu)
  • Both Int and IHF bind to attP and form an intasome , a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA. (wikidoc.org)
  • This study provides evidence that a switch-protein kinase regulatory network controls availability of σ 66 , the main sigma subunit for transcription in Chlamydia . (plos.org)
  • Here, we show that ATF7IP is essential for SETDB1 stability: nuclear SETDB1 protein is degraded by the proteasome upon ablation of ATF7IP. (nih.gov)
  • A nuclear protein, HDAC-9 belongs to the histone deacetylase family with several isoforms and is inhibited by Trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. (novusbio.com)
  • What percentage of time this DNA sequence spends in a kinked state, in the absence of bound lac repressor protein, is not known, but it may be a significant percentage (see next section below). (proteopedia.org)
  • Listed below are up to the top 10 sequence alignment matches, by species, for the PSI-BLAST search against the protein sequence for HOS4 . (yeastrc.org)
  • The polymerase then traverses the genetic material, and continues to yield RNA until it identifies a gene's transcription termination sequence, stopping the process. (jove.com)
  • Introns are excised once the sequence is transcribed to mRNA, leaving only exons to code for proteins. (jove.com)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • When a signal is sent to express a specific gene, the DNA sequence encoding that gene is used as a template to produce single-stranded RNA in a process called transcription. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Moreover, speci®c hy- found in narrow minor groove regions in a variety dration patterns seem to play a role in nucleotide sequence recognition by proteins (Otwinowski of oligonucleotide duplexes (Prive et al. (lu.se)
  • Our results were surprising and significant since in another bacteria associated with human health, E. coli, the protein Mlc has the opposite function. (usda.gov)
  • In molecular biology, the iron dependent repressors are a family of bacterial and archaeal transcriptional repressors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. (nih.gov)
  • who also correctly proposed the general mechanism of regulation by the lac repressor. (proteopedia.org)
  • Transcription regulation of taxol biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ability of Id proteins to affect HES-1 activity is of particular interest in neuronal cells, where regulation of HES-1 is essential for the timing of neuronal differentiation. (lu.se)
  • In the presence of nutrients, mTORC1 is activated and promotes cell growth, including protein synthesis and energy storage. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, in low-oxygenated conditions, the previously identified CRP protein works through this newly identified Mlc protein to increase toxin synthesis. (usda.gov)
  • Thus, we have undertaken studies to identify other regulators of leukotoxin transcription and to demonstrate how these proteins work together to modulate leukotoxin synthesis. (usda.gov)
  • A comparison of the control of transcription in E. Coli (left) with the Linux call graph (right). (creation.com)
  • Modulation of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Complex Formation by Id Proteins during Neuronal Differentiation. (lu.se)
  • In MEF cells with wild type Nrf2 and mouse hepa 1c1c7 cells, Cd increased the Nrf2 protein level but not the Nrf2 mRNA level dose-dependently. (cdc.gov)
  • We found that the three Id proteins expressed in neuroblastoma cells (Id1, Id2, and Id3) were down-regulated during induced differentiation, indicating that Id proteins help keep the tumor cells in an undifferentiated state. (lu.se)
  • Cd stabilized the Nrf2 protein by inhibiting the Keap1/CuI3dependent ubiquitination and 26S proteasomal turnover of Nrf2. (cdc.gov)
  • Cd did not affect the protein levels of Keap1, which is a repressor of the cytoplasmic Nrf2, or Cul-3, an E3 ligase involved in the proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. (cdc.gov)
  • Fe(II)-regulated proteins contain an SH3-like domain as a C-terminal extension, which is absent in Mn(II)-regulated mntR. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the sub-cellular scale, maps document the spatial organization of proteins, RNA, DNA, and metabolites with nanometer precision and temporal acuity on the order of seconds. (stanford.edu)
  • The phosphorylated form of 40S ribosome protein S6 is thus a marker for mTORC1 activity. (springer.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that exhibits stage-specific gene transcription throughout a biphasic developmental cycle. (plos.org)
  • 20759) Protein of unknown function DUF54 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0024 20798. (go.jp)
  • 43228) protein of unknown function UPF0153 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0051 complement(43225. (go.jp)
  • 44065 protein of unknown function UPF0047 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0053 complement(44048. (go.jp)
  • 45260 protein of unknown function DUF121 CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0055 complement(45235. (go.jp)
  • The mechanisms that control modulation in transcription and associated phenotypic changes are poorly understood. (plos.org)
  • When this enzyme recognizes a nearby transcription initiation site, it begins to generate a strand of RNA, using DNA as a template. (jove.com)
  • Since this RNA will be used to generate proteins, exons are denoted as coding regions, whereas introns are another example of non-coding material. (jove.com)
  • To demonstrate the flexibility and modular nature of the liposome system, 10 recombinant surface antigens representing distinct influenza virus strains were bound simultaneously to generate a highly multivalent protein particle that with 5 ng individual antigen dosing induced antibodies in mice that specifically recognized the constituent immunogens and conferred protection against heterologous H5N1 influenza virus challenge. (cdc.gov)
  • 19702 hypothetical protein CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0022 complement(19723. (go.jp)
  • 55699) Ribosomal protein L15e CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0066 complement(55738. (go.jp)
  • Accurate Long-read transcriptome sequencing at single-cell level is required to decipher the spectrum of protein expressions in mammalian organisms. (elifesciences.org)