Replicative senescence induces cell senescence. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cellular processes like genome duplication and cell division stop. (wikipedia.org)
In short because cellular senescence is a contributing cause of aging. (fightaging.org)
This telomeric uncapping triggers a continuous DNA Damage Response (DDR) that induces a stable state of cellular senescence accompanied by a complete suspension of cell division. (genengnews.com)
A team of cancer scientists led by Francis Rodier, PhD, a professor at the University of Montréal, has updated the current model of cellular senescence by providing evidence that the aging-related arrest of DNA replication is caused by irreversible damage to the genome rather than simply by an erosion of telomeres. (genengnews.com)
Francis Rodier, PhD, and Marc-Alexandre Olivier [Source: CRCHUM] These findings improve upon the widely accepted scientific model of cellular aging that holds, telomeric ends erode with each cell division and trigger an arrest of cell division once they get too short, preventing further damage of the DNA code. (genengnews.com)
The arrest of cell division related to cellular aging prevents cells with unstable genomes from multiplying and is a key mechanism in suppressing cancer. (genengnews.com)
Aged, nondividing cells however continue to play an array of biological roles and their accumulation in tissues over time compromises tissue functions, linking cellular aging to organismal aging and cancer. (genengnews.com)
The traditional model of cellular aging is unable to reconcile all observations in the aging cell. (genengnews.com)
It cannot help in determining the cellular threshold for the number of dysfunctional telomeres that causes cells to stop dividing due to persistent DNA damage response signaling. (genengnews.com)
Genetically, we were able to reproduce the phenomenon of cellular aging in the laboratory and ensured that all the telomeres of a population of cells became dysfunctional," said PhD student Marc-Alexandre Olivier, co-first author of the study with former colleague Sabrina Ghadaouia, PhD, currently pursuing postdoctoral studies in England. (genengnews.com)
Researchers began to wonder whether cellular aging was a barrier to iPS cell conversion. (biologists.com)
Several hallmarks of cellular senescence, such as cell cycle arrest, expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, DNA damages, and senescence-associated secretory profile were evaluated. (aging-us.com)
Etoposide-induced senescence model may help investigate the initiation of cellular senescence in chondrocytes, and provide a useful model to develop therapeutic approaches to target senescence in OA. (aging-us.com)
Cellular senescence has been described as one of the major drivers of aging [ 6 ] and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases [ 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
Recently, cellular senescence has emerged as a new target to treat OA [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
Because a specific marker for cellular senescence has yet to be identified, a combination of markers should be used to identify SnCs [ 14 ]. (aging-us.com)
Considering the role of cellular senescence in age-related diseases including OA, the therapeutic potential of senolytic (drugs that induced SnCs death) and senomorphic (drugs that modulate the SASP) compounds have been contemplated with growing interest [ 15 ]. (aging-us.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Cellular senescence is a stable growth arrest that is implicated in tissue ageing and cancer. (nature.com)
In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
Cellular senescence is a stress response of mammalian cells leading to a durable arrest of cell proliferation that has been implicated in tumor suppression, wound healing, and aging. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammaging is driven by several factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter regions of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, chronic stimulation of immune cells with pathogens, changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and cellular senescence [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular senescence, which recently has gained broad attention, is thought to be an important player in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. (hindawi.com)
In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy and provide important clues for clinical strategies. (hindawi.com)
Recently, the emerging role of cellular senescence in DN has attracted a broad attention. (hindawi.com)
In the present review, we will focus on the role of cellular senescence and its related mechanisms in DN. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we will explore the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence and provide important clues for clinical strategies in the management of DN. (hindawi.com)
Cellular aging or cellular senescence is the critical factor for the process of aging. (hindawi.com)
Environmental stresses induce cellular senescence in a variety of eukaryotes. (microbialcell.com)
This is the first demonstration that moderation of splicing factor levels is associated with reversal of cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts. (beds.ac.uk)
Our recent results indicate that both cellular senescence in lung cells and pulmonary emphysema occurring in aged mice are suppressed in these mice. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms according to which T2D induces cellular senescence and the role of type 2 diabetes-induced cellular senescence in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. (frontiersin.org)
More recently, cellular senescence has been considered as an additional cause of age-related tumorigenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Senescence is a stress-response cellular state characterised by proliferative arrest but active metabolism ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, cellular senescence is not exclusive to ageing. (frontiersin.org)
Age-related and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent a source of cellular stress due to their disruptive effect on normal physiological processes and, therefore, can induce premature senescence ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cancer, aging and cellular senescence - Normal cells do not divide indefinitely due to a process termed cellular or replicative senescence. (chewdigest.com)
Despite the protection from cancer conveyed by cellular senescence and other mechanisms that suppress tumorigenesis, the development of cancer is almost inevitable as mammalian organisms age. (chewdigest.com)
Although the idea remains controversial, cellular senescence has also been proposed to contribute to organismal aging. (chewdigest.com)
Finally, we discuss how certain hallmarks of ageing (epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication) predispose the ageing population to severe COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Lipofuscins are oxidized lipid and protein complexes that accumulate during cellular senescence and tissue aging, regarded as markers for cellular oxidative damage, tissue aging, and certain aging-associated diseases. (molcells.org)
The gradual shift toward increased damaged adduct generation and decreased removal leads to their accumulation, which impairs body function and effectuates cellular senescence. (molcells.org)
Those groups are not specifically targeting cellular senescence, but can hardly avoid having senescent cells taking up their therapeutic mitochondria. (fightaging.org)
Exogenous mitochondrial transplantation improved mitochondrial dysfunction and alleviated cellular senescence hallmarks, such as increased cell size, increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, augmented NF-κB activity, increased inflammatory cytokines , and upregulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 . (fightaging.org)
Further, cellular senescence properties were improved by exogenous mitochondrial transplantation in oxidative stress -induced senescent ARPE-19 cells. (fightaging.org)
These results indicate that exogenous mitochondrial transplantation modulates cellular senescence and may be considered a novel therapeutic strategy for AMD. (fightaging.org)
We conclude that the epigenetic inactivation of the IFN pathway plays a critical role in cellular immortalization, and the reactivation of IFN-regulated genes by transcription factors IRF5 and/or IRF7 is sufficient to induce cellular senescence. (figshare.com)
However, this hypothesis requires more evidence before it can be accepted as a mechanism of cellular senescence. (bvsalud.org)
A transcriptome analysis revealed that, among various types of cellular senescence, NBIS exhibited a gene expression pattern most similar to that of RS. (bvsalud.org)
Senescence can be induced by DNA DAMAGE or other cellular stresses, such as OXIDATIVE STRESS. (bvsalud.org)
Cellular senescence during AGING or due to extended passages of normal cells in culture and that is triggered by the DNA damage-response to TELOMERE SHORTENING or by repeated exposure to stress signals. (bvsalud.org)

The use of serum deprivation - partially or completely removing the serum and its nutrients - has been shown to arrest and synchronize cell cycle progression in G0 phase, for example in neonatal mammalian astrocytes and human foreskin fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. (frontiersin.org)
In 2007, a group let by Takahashi and Yamanaka from Kyoto University successfully generated pluripotent cells from human adult fibroblasts. (biologists.com)
What's more, the converted cells showed no signs of premature aging and appeared "rejuvenated" - iPS cells converted from nearly senescent donor cells regained their replicative potential and, when re-differentiated to fibroblasts, by all accounts resembled young proliferative cells. (biologists.com)
Initially, they took fibroblasts from a 74-year-old man and induced them into replicative senescence by serial passaging. (biologists.com)
Oncogenic Ras induces p19ARF and growth arrest in mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 without activating cyclin D-dependent kinases. (ku.dk)
lt;div class="textblock">Oncogenic Ras induces two products of the INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor locus (p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF)) in primary human and rodent fibroblasts, ultimately leading to a permanent state of cell cycle arrest resembling replicative senescence. (ku.dk)
Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking Cip1 and Kip1 genes encoding inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 were used to further explore the effects of oncogenic Ras on arrest of the cell division cycle. (ku.dk)
In this work, we show that repeated stresses with UVB (290-320nm) induce stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of skin human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). (unamur.be)
To create iPSCs, mature cells, like skin fibroblasts, are taken from a patient and put into culture. (jove.com)
To create iPSCs, mature cells such as skin fibroblasts or blood cells from a person are grown in culture. (jove.com)
Senescence was induced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts through multiple different methods. (lifespan.io)
Fibroblasts were cultured under high-oxygen conditions to induce oxidative stress. (lifespan.io)
Additional fibroblasts were repetitively passaged under normoxic conditions to induce replicative stress. (lifespan.io)
In fact, several studies have shown that T2D induces senescence in multiple types of cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Our ongoing studies indicate that Smurf2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit delayed senescence entry and enhanced potential to become immortalized in culture. (umassmed.edu)
Replicative senescent BJ fibroblasts at population doubling 80 were utilised to condition replicative senescence medium. (fxragonists.com)
Because new fibroblasts are made (from stem cells) to replace them long before they reach their limit. (barefacedtruth.com)
Microinjection of a p38-encoding plasmid into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts led to down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression and cell cycle arrest at G1 (40). (molecularcircuit.com)
Ectopic expression of MEKK3 a MAPKKK that activates p38 induced G1 arrest and reversed induces premature senescence through sequential activation of the MEK-ERK pathway and the MKK3/6-p38 pathway in primary human fibroblasts. (molecularcircuit.com)
Skin fibroblasts in WS patients demonstrate characteristics of cells in conditions of stress with slow growth rates, an elongated cell cycle, and an altered morphology that suggests stress-induced premature senescence transduced in part by the p38α MAP kinase signaling pathway. (medscape.com)

Here we report that β-HB promotes vascular cell quiescence, which significantly inhibits both stress-induced premature senescence and replicative senescence through p53-independent mechanisms. (crsociety.org)

Therapies for senescent cell clearance as a treatment for aging are going to be an ongoing concern within the next few years. (fightaging.org)
Multiple different methods have been demonstrated to selectively kill senescent cells in mice, including the genetic engineering approach used a few years ago and the various senolytic drug candidates discovered more recently. (fightaging.org)
These have variable effectiveness in different tissues, with some tissue types retaining all of their senescent cells, suggesting that no initial clinical treatment is going to be perfect. (fightaging.org)
Even these prototypes are, however, clearing as much as a quarter of senescent cells in some tissues. (fightaging.org)
Why is the destruction of senescent cells an important goal? (fightaging.org)
When damaged or faced with a toxic, stressed environment, cells tend to become senescent. (fightaging.org)
A senescent cell stops replicating and secretes signals that both adjust the behavior of surrounding cells, making them more likely to become senescent, and make the senescent cell itself a target for destruction by the immune system . (fightaging.org)
Evolution likes reuse, and senescent cells are also transiently involved in wound healing and structural control over embryonic development . (fightaging.org)
Nonetheless, having too many senescent cells is a bad thing, and that is exactly what happens with advancing age: senescent cells that evade destruction linger indefinitely, and their numbers grow over time, especially once the immune system starts to decline in old age . (fightaging.org)
In large numbers senescent cells cause chronic inflammation and their collective signaling actively harms tissue structure and function. (fightaging.org)
Periodic removal of senescent cells would solve all of these problems. (fightaging.org)
Senescent cell clearance treatments could be made much more efficient than the prototypes demonstrated so far in mice. (fightaging.org)
It is, however, quite possible for a therapy to be too good at killing senescent cells. (fightaging.org)
Thus, naively, a hypothetical highly efficient senescent cell clearance therapy might work just fine in a 40-something adult, with tissues containing comparatively few senescent cells, while having a strong chance of killing patients in their 70s, with tissues containing many more senescent cells and also possessed of less resilient organs. (fightaging.org)
Approaches that could be this efficient in theory will be diluted or otherwise limited and delivered over a number of spaced treatments, producing a steady or stepped destruction of senescent cells at a safe pace. (fightaging.org)
Contrary to what was believed, senescent cells have an abnormal genome. (genengnews.com)
The new multistep model for entry into telomere-mediated senescence presented in the current study reconciles observations of senescence-associated genomic instability with observations that telomere breaks are largely irreparable and that cells can tolerate telomere-induced DNA damage foci (TIF) during an unstable "pre-senescent" state. (genengnews.com)
The model also suggests that strategies targeted at repairing telomeres in pre-senescent cells could eradicate telomere-induced DNA damage foci and low-level DNA damage response while preventing further irreversible damage to the genome. (genengnews.com)
Senescent cell rejuvenation - you(r cells) are never too old for pluripotency! (biologists.com)
As people age the number of cells that are senescent increases. (biologists.com)
Conversion of somatic cells to iPS cells occurs at very low frequency in any given cell population, but because older individuals have a higher number of senescent cells it has proved to be difficult to convert cells from older-aged donors. (biologists.com)
In a recent paper published the November issue of Genes in Development, entitled "Rejuvenating senescent and centenarian human cells by reprogramming through the pluripotent state," Lapasset and colleagues from the Institute of Functional Genomics in France report that they have overcome this barrier and generated iPS cells from human donors as old as 101 years. (biologists.com)
Senescent cells (SnCs) have been described to accumulate in osteoarthritis (OA) joint tissues in response to injury, thereby participating in OA development and progression. (aging-us.com)
Indeed, senescent cells (SnCs) are described to accumulate in joint tissues in response to injury and during aging, thereby participating in its development and progression [ 8 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
Senescent cells are characterized by an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, which is termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (nature.com)
Treatment of senescent cells with trichostatin A, a class I/II histone deacetylase inhibitor, also induced rapid and reversible decondensation of SAHFs. (biomedcentral.com)
Senescent cells are surprisingly hard to identify, but a recent publication in Tissue and Cell makes the case for using cytoplasmic DNA as a marker of senescence. (lifespan.io)
What makes a cell senescent? (lifespan.io)
In order to study the behavior of senescent cells, or to treat them with senolytics or senomorphics, researchers need to know what cells are senescent in the first place. (lifespan.io)
Unfortunately, biology is complex, and identifying senescent cells is a practice riddled with exceptions and inconsistencies, often dependent on things like the cell type or mode of senescence induction. (lifespan.io)
Senescent cells don't divide, so a lack of replication can be an indicator of senescence. (lifespan.io)
Senescent cells often show enlarged morphologies and disrupted nuclei as well. (lifespan.io)
Some senescent cells resist apoptosis through SCAPs, the pathways targeted by the well-known senolytics dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q). Many senescent cells also exhibit the SASP, releasing inflammatory cytokines. (lifespan.io)
Among all of these, only absence of proliferation is accepted as a universal requirement of senescent cells. (lifespan.io)
Further complicating matters, all of these factors may be exhibited by non-senescent cells. (lifespan.io)
Since double-strand DNA breaks and a compromised nuclear membrane are both common characteristics of senescent cells, researchers at the Kunming University of Science and Technology investigated whether double-stranded DNA found outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm (c-dsDNA) could be a useful marker of senescence [2]. (lifespan.io)
We propose that cytosolic dsDNA might be a highly sensitive biomarker for different types of MEF senescence, particularly for cases in which SA-ß-Gal activity fails to properly discriminate pre-senescent cells. (lifespan.io)
Senescence-related cytosolic dsDNA may induce significant pyroptosis activation in oxidative-induced pre-senescent MEFs, providing experimental evidence for inflammageing. (lifespan.io)
There are multiple issues with SA-ß-gal staining that make it a less-than-ideal marker as the "gold standard" identifier of senescent cells. (lifespan.io)
c-dsDNA as a marker may help bring clarity to what cells are truly senescent and may also be useful as an aging marker beyond simple senescence. (lifespan.io)
Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
introduced a new concept of CKD-associated secretory phenotype (CASP), which indicates that senescent renal cells could secrete SASP components of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- α [ 19 , 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
The accumulation of senescent cells also occurs in vivo with advancing age and causes much degenerative age-related pathology. (beds.ac.uk)
Splicing factor expression is known to be dysregulated in senescent cells of multiple lineages [ 2 ] and it is now well established that the accumulation of senescent cells is a direct cause of multiple aspects of both ageing and age-related disease in mammals [ 18 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Senescent cells accumulate progressively through life in a variety of mammalian species [ 15 ], and premature senescence is a hallmark of many human progeroid syndromes. (beds.ac.uk)
This was due to a reduction in senescent cells in the white adipose tissue of obese mice. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Over lifetime, due to the action of several stressors such as DNA damage and telomere shortening, senescent cells accumulate in the organism and release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
The mechanism by which a short telomere induces the senescent phenotype is unknown. (chewdigest.com)
Recent findings suggest that certain types of DNA damage and inappropriate mitogenic signals can also cause cells to adopt a senescent phenotype. (chewdigest.com)
Thus, cells respond to a number of potentially oncogenic stimuli by adopting a senescent phenotype. (chewdigest.com)
Senescent cells have recently been shown to accumulate with age in human tissues. (chewdigest.com)
One possibility is that the tissue microenvironment is disrupted by the accumulation of dysfunctional senescent cells. (chewdigest.com)
Thus, mutation accumulation may synergize with the accumulation of senescent cells, leading to increasing risk for developing cancer that is a hallmark of mammalian aging. (chewdigest.com)
However, lipofuscin granule formation and accumulation in senescent cells are poorly understood. (molcells.org)
Researchers here report on in vitro experiments to show that introducing functional mitochondria into a cell culture containing senescent cells reduces markers of senescence. (fightaging.org)
It is an interesting question as to how this would work in living tissue, where the numbers of senescent cells are low, and mitochondria will be introduced into all cells. (fightaging.org)
For all strategies that might leave senescent cells intact but modulate their harmful signaling , the question is whether or not this is a good idea. (fightaging.org)
This particularly the case for strategies that might allow senescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle and replicate again. (fightaging.org)
Some fraction of senescent cells become senescent for good reasons, such as potentially cancerous mutations or other forms of damage that produce dysfunction. (fightaging.org)
Senolytics that destroy senescent cells seem a safer proposal, and efficient senolytics may turn out to be required in advance of some of the other rejuvenation therapies on the horizon, such as partial reprogramming and mitochondrial transfer. (fightaging.org)
Once again, replicative senescent cells had been cultivated for 24 hours in fresh medium to prepare RSM as was described above. (fxragonists.com)
Oncogene induced senescent BJ cells stably transfected with tetracycline induced constitutively active form of RAS had been utilised for preparation of oncogene induced senescent medium. (fxragonists.com)
Cells transformed by Hsp70 are tagged as senescent and targeted for destruction by our indwelling immune system assassins, killer T cells. (barefacedtruth.com)
Senescent cells exhibit a reduced response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. (bvsalud.org)
A proteomic analysis of the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions obtained from young and senescent cells revealed disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (NCT) as an essential feature of replicative senescence (RS) at the global level. (bvsalud.org)
These morphological modifications are in keeping with reported morphological adjustments for senescent SRT 1720 cells. (bioerc-iend.org)

SnCs exhibit irreversible growth arrest accompanied by increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) such as p16 INK4a , and p21 Cip1 , accumulation of DNA damages, and secretion of diverse bioactive molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (aging-us.com)
Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be induced by telomere dysfunction. (oaepublish.com)
PHENOTYPE: Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele are viable, fertile and developmentally normal, and exhibit a normal lifespan and no predisposition to spontaneous or chemically-induced tumors. (utsouthwestern.edu)
In addition, they serve to inhibit the proliferation rate and induce a senescence-related phenotype in immortal LFS cells. (figshare.com)
Blocking NCT either chemically or genetically induced the acquisition of an RS-like senescence phenotype, named nuclear barrier-induced senescence (NBIS). (bvsalud.org)

This model could be used to test whether HDFs in UVB-induced premature senescence are able to promote epithelial cell growth and tumorigenesis in skin, as shown recently with HDFs in H 2 O 2 -induced premature senescence. (unamur.be)
Numerous studies have revealed the critical role of premature senescence induced by various cancer treatment modalities in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases. (oaepublish.com)
Telomeric DNA damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production are hallmarks of premature senescence. (oaepublish.com)
Growing evidence demonstrates that various cancer treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, and surgery [ 3 - 5 ] , cause premature senescence, as reviewed elsewhere [ 6 - 8 ] . (oaepublish.com)
In primary mammalian cells oncogenic induces premature senescence depending on an active MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (molecularcircuit.com)
Therefore oncogenic provokes premature senescence by activating the MEK-ERK and MKK3/6-p38 pathways in normal primary cells sequentially. (molecularcircuit.com)
These studies have got described the molecular occasions inside the signaling cascade that result in premature senescence and therefore have provided brand-new insights into how confers oncogenic change in major cells. (molecularcircuit.com)
Oddly enough the AP24534 power of oncogenic to induce premature senescence depends upon the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway that mediates cell proliferation (36). (molecularcircuit.com)
It continues to be unclear how activation from the mitogenic Raf-MEK-ERK pathway by can stimulate premature senescence and exactly how this harmful growth influence of is certainly bypassed in tumors. (molecularcircuit.com)

Senescence is defined as an irreversible cell proliferation arrest and occurs in response to various stresses, including activation of oncogenes, shortened telomeres, DNA damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. (biologists.com)
In particular, SA-ß-gal could not detect differences in senescence in the oxidative stress condition, and MMP12 was not increased by replicative stress. (lifespan.io)
Senescence, a process by which cells enter an irreversible growth arrest state, is activated by many stimuli, including telomere attrition, aberrant oncogenic signaling, DNA damage or oxidative stress. (umassmed.edu)
Furthermore, senescence activated by aberrant oncogenic activation, DNA damage or oxidative stress provides a failsafe mechanism that prevents proliferation of cells at risk of neoplastic transformation. (umassmed.edu)
Our results substantiate that in glucose-starved or replicative senescence cells, where elevated oxidative stress levels activate autophagy, lipofuscins predominately appear as granules that co-localize with autolysosomes due to lysosomal acidity or impairment. (molcells.org)
Meanwhile, autophagosome formation is attenuated in cells experiencing oxidative stress induced by a doxorubicin pulse and chase, and lipofuscin fluorescence granules seldom manifest in the cytoplasm. (molcells.org)
A previous study has reported that MSC-derived mitochondrial transplantation protects the cornea against oxidative stress -induced mitochondrial damage. (fightaging.org)
Various kinds of cells react to H2O2-induced oxidative stress differently. (bioerc-iend.org)

Induced cell cycle arrest is the use of a chemical or genetic manipulation to artificially halt progression through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
In an academic research context, cell cycle arrest is typically performed in model organisms and cell extracts, such as Saccharomyces cervisiae (yeast) or Xenopus oocytes (frog eggs). (wikipedia.org)
The cells can be induced to arrest as they arrive (at different time points) at a certain phase, so that when the arrest is lifted (for instance, rescuing cell cycle progression by introducing another chemical) all the cells resume cell cycle progression at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
Given that some of the mechanisms below of inducing cell cycle arrest involve damaging the DNA, this allows investigation into how the cell responds to damage of its genetic material. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic engineering of cells with specific gene knockouts can also result in cells that arrest at different phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
This natural process can be mimicked in a lab through the overexpression of p27Kip1, which results in induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
We previously reported that XPA mislocalized to the progerin-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites, blocking DSB repair, which led to DSB accumulation, DNA damage responses, and early replication arrest in HGPS. (nih.gov)
Senescence was confirmed by FACS analysis showing cell cycle arrest, increase in molecular markers characteristic of senescence, and formation of SAHF. (biologists.com)
Under these conditions, Ras did not induce G(1) phase arrest but instead triggered DNA synthesis, abnormal nuclear divisions, failure of cytokinesis, and emergence of polyploid cells. (ku.dk)
Persistent DDR induces a permanent proliferation arrest known as replicative senescence, which is thought to function as a tumor suppressor [ 6 - 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Here, we show that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD + salvage pathway, governs the proinflammatory SASP independent of senescence-associated growth arrest. (nature.com)
The proliferative arrest is mediated by transcriptional repression of genes essential for cell division by the retinoblastoma protein family. (biomedcentral.com)
While exploring the molecular changes associated with strong ST efficacy in breast cancer cells, we observed that ST induced cell cycle arrest as well as cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
ST caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest which was accompanied by a decrease in CDK4 and cyclin D1, and an increase in p21/Cip1and p27/Kip1 protein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Constitutive activation of the Ras pathway triggers an irreversible proliferation arrest reminiscent of replicative senescence. (utsouthwestern.edu)
This senescence-like development arrest induced by is certainly associated with deposition of development inhibitors such as for example p53 and p16INK4A (51). (molecularcircuit.com)
The cells could actually undergo 3-4 passages post-treatment to accomplish development arrest previous. (bioerc-iend.org)
Process by which cells irreversibly stop dividing and enter a state of permanent growth arrest without undergoing CELL DEATH. (bvsalud.org)

Decreased H4-K16Ac was observed in both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Control medium for oncogene induced senescence was obtained from BJ cells transfected with empty vector. (fxragonists.com)

Although the current model accepts that telomeric uncapping triggers a telomeric DNA damage response that leads to senescence, the authors showed entry into senescence involves DNA repair mechanisms and a multistep relationship between irreversible telomeric and non-telomeric DNA damage, which control a transient unstable state and a stable state where cell division is arrested. (genengnews.com)
This pitfall may be due to the lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying chondrocyte senescence. (aging-us.com)
We are interested in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of senescence regulation by these genes. (umassmed.edu)
It is therefore of critical importance to unveil the underlying mechanisms of MSC senescence and to define shared methods to assess MSC aging status. (encyclopedia.pub)

Although the mechanism of how these factors induced pluripotency in somatic cells is not completely understood, it is clear that the endogenous pluripotency genes OCT4 , SOX2 and NANOG were activated and, in turn, re-activated the autoregulatory loop that could maintain the pluripotent state independent of the transgenes. (biologists.com)
Therefore, in the absence of p16(INK4a), p21(Cip1), and p27(Kip1), oncogenic Ras affects the functions of genes required for completion of the cell cycle. (ku.dk)
Third, the steady-state level of the mRNA of three senescence-associated genes, i.e. fibronectin, osteonectin and SM22, was increased in HDFs at 72h after three and five exposures to UVB. (unamur.be)
Then, typically, genes for transcription factors, are delivered by viral vectors into the cell nuclei, where they are incorporated into the genome. (jove.com)
The transcription factors then turn on genes that are expressed by embryonic stem cells. (jove.com)
Then, genes for multiple transcription factors are delivered into the cells using a viral vector, and the transcription factor proteins are expressed using the cell's machinery. (jove.com)
The transcription factors then turn on many other genes that are expressed by embryonic stem cells, returning the cells to an undifferentiated, proliferative, and pluripotent state. (jove.com)
Inversely, disruption of the proline biosynthetic genes PRO1 , PRO2 , and CAR2 decreased stationary proline level and shortened the lifespan of yeast cells. (microbialcell.com)
Quadruple disruption of the proline transporter genes unexpectedly did not change intracellular proline levels and replicative lifespan. (microbialcell.com)
Towards this goal, we have identified a number of genes that control senescence activation and will continue to search for additional senescence regulators. (umassmed.edu)
IFN signaling pathway genes were down-regulated by epigenetic silencing during immortalization, and some of these same IFN-regulated genes were activated during replicative senescence. (figshare.com)
Furthermore, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid treatment of the IRF-overexpressing cells showed a more rapid induction of several IFN-regulated genes. (figshare.com)

Its proposed mechanism of action is an iron/zinc chelator that depletes iron within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Our results propose a mechanism for progerin-induced genome instability and accelerated replicative senescence in HGPS. (nih.gov)
We demonstrate that replicative senescence, a tumor suppressor mechanism and guardian of genome stability, sometimes requires genomic instability to initiate its own action," the authors said. (genengnews.com)
As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
In contrast, this mechanism was inoperative in a fibroblast cell line that did not assemble extensive heterochromatin during senescence. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that the senescence response is a fail-safe mechanism that protects cells from tumorigenic transformation. (chewdigest.com)
Increasing evidence suggests that senescence acts as a tumor suppression mechanism. (umassmed.edu)

They extensively tested whether the iPS cells retained marks of aging similar to cells they originated from. (biologists.com)
Deacetylation of H4-K16Ac during senescence may explain reported decreases in this mark during mammalian aging and in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) can be expanded indefinitely without undergoing replicative senescence or aging due to their high telomerase expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The disposal of these products through the proteasome is significantly decreased by aging, leading to the activation of innate immune cells and consequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Other reports also show that DN is highly associated with accelerated aging in various types of cells such as tubular cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
Telomere biology is closely linked to cell senescence, aging disease, stem cell biology and cancer development. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Certainly, aging predisposes cells to accumulate mutations, several of which are necessary before malignant transformation occurs, particularly in humans. (chewdigest.com)
By limiting cell proliferation and consequently depleting the renewal capacity of stem or progenitor cells, senescence is thought to contribute to the aging process. (umassmed.edu)
Therefore, senescence is regarded as an antagonistic pleiotropy in cancer and aging: benefits organisms for survival and fitness early in life by acting as a tumor suppressor, but has a detrimental effect on the survival and fitness of organisms later in life by contributing to aging. (umassmed.edu)
This view of senescence regulation in aging and cancer provides a plausible explanation for the logic of aging and is consistent with the evolutionary theory of aging. (umassmed.edu)
The mouse models we have generated to modulate senescence response in vivo are also used in our studies of senescence regulation in aging, with an emphasis on adult stem cells. (umassmed.edu)
Studies are designed to investigate whether the function and self-renewal capacity of Smurf2-deficient LT-HSC are enhanced, whether such enhanced function of HSCs provides benefit to mice during aging, and whether senescence plays a role in HSC self-renewal and regulation during aging. (umassmed.edu)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. (encyclopedia.pub)
Aging of MSCs (both in vivo and in vitro) can affect not only their replicative potential, but also their properties, like immunomodulation and secretory profile, thus possibly compromising their therapeutic effect. (encyclopedia.pub)
During aging of the organism, MSCs also age, and this implies an impairment of stem cell functions contributing to the progressive decrease in tissue maintenance and repair, a characteristic of the aging process. (encyclopedia.pub)
Actually, stem cell exhaustion is considered one of the promoters of aging. (encyclopedia.pub)
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-09-molecule-anti-aging-effects-vascular.html β-Hydroxybutyrate Prevents Vascular Senescence through hnRNP A1-Mediated Upregulation of Oct4. (crsociety.org)
Abstract β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) elevation during fasting or caloric restriction is believed to induce anti-aging effects and alleviate aging-related neurodegeneration. (crsociety.org)
We conclude that β-HB exerts anti-aging effects in vascular cells by upregulating an hnRNP A1-induced Oct4-mediated Lamin B1 pathway. (crsociety.org)
He also has professional interests in stem cell research, the biology of aging, cancer as well as telomere and telomerase biology. (stanford.edu)

Common features of senescence include activation of the p53/p21 and p16 / pRb pathways and formation of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF). (biologists.com)
A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
Using forward genetic screen as well as reverse genetics, we are interested in elucidating the genetic pathways that govern senescence. (umassmed.edu)

On the other hand, etoposide treatment reliably induces DNA damage-related senescence in human articular chondrocytes evidenced by loss of proliferative capacity, DNA damage accumulation, and expression of some SASP components. (aging-us.com)
Fig. 5: AMPK signalling mediates the proinflammatory SASP induced by NAD + metabolism. (nature.com)
These senescence inducers resulted in enlarged morphology, slowed proliferation, increased SA-ß-gal staining, an increase in the SASP gene MMP12, and an increase in the cell cycle inhibitor p16. (lifespan.io)
This rescue was independent of cell cycle traverse and also independent of SIRT1, SASP modulation or senolysis. (beds.ac.uk)

In contrast to adipogenic differentiation, high glucose suppressed osteogenic differentiation and downregulated the expression levels of osteogenic gene runt-related transcription factor 2 ( RUNX2 ), collagen type I ( COL1A1 ), osteonectin ( ON ), and osteocalcin ( OCN ) of mouse BM-MSCs and MG63 cells [ 7 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
They were able to induce a pluripotent state in differentiated cells by introducing four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4 by retroviral infection, hence the name "induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (biologists.com)
They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
Overexpression of the stress-responsive transcription activator gene MSN2 reduced intracellular proline levels by inducing the expression of PUT1 , resulting in a short lifespan. (microbialcell.com)
Transcription of this gene is upregulated in response to activation of the Ras pathway, but not under other conditions that induce senescence. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Bisulfite sequencing of the promoter regions of two IFN regulatory transcription factors (IRF5 and IRF7) revealed that IRF7, but not IRF5, was epigenetically silenced by methylation of CpG islands in immortal LFS cells. (figshare.com)

Mitochondrial transplantation into damaged cells or injured tissues is considered a novel cell-based therapeutic strategy. (fightaging.org)
Here, we investigated the effects of extrinsic mitochondrial transplantation on senescence-induced ARPE-19 cells, an RPE cell line. (fightaging.org)
We demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in replicative senescence -induced ARPE-19 cells after repeated passage . (fightaging.org)

By limiting cell proliferation, senescence impedes the accumulation of multiple mutations that are necessary for tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
To investigate the function of senescence in tumorigenesis, we are generating novel mouse models, in which senescence response is modulated. (umassmed.edu)
Using these 'senescence' mouse models, combined with different tumorigenesis models (for instance, p53 knockout, B cell lymphoma, skin cancer, colon cancer and liver cancer models), we hope to gain a better understanding of the regulation and contribution of senescence in tumor development. (umassmed.edu)
The proto-oncogene family members encodes little GTP binding proteins that transduce development indicators from cell surface area receptors in response to extracellular stimuli (1 6 37 Prior studies have recommended that aberrant activation of is certainly a crucial stage during tumorigenesis. (molecularcircuit.com)

In human somatic cells, the cell cycle lasts about 18 hours, and the G1 phase makes up about 1/3 of that time. (wikipedia.org)
We found that plasma telomeric cfDNA levels decreased with age in healthy individuals ( n = 42, R 2 = 0.094, P = 0.048), suggesting that cfDNA is likely derived from somatic cells in which telomere length shortens with increasing age. (oncotarget.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) can be generated from various somatic cells and can subsequently be differentiated to multiple cell types of the body. (biomedcentral.com)
To gain pluripotency, the reprogramming process typically involves transfecting adult somatic cells with certain pluripotency markers. (biomedcentral.com)
MSCs represent a lifelong reservoir for the generation of somatic cells and for cell replacement. (encyclopedia.pub)

However, whether it also marks senescence in other cell types, in other species, in other modes of inducing senescence, and in vivo is not yet known. (lifespan.io)
Our strategy of modulating senescence response in vivo is to manipulate the expression of key senescence regulators identified in our genetic screen studies. (umassmed.edu)
Due to the low abundance of MSCs in human adult tissues (about 1/10 6 cells in adult bone marrow and 1/10 3-4 cells in adipose tissue and umbilical cord) [ 16 ] , frequently ex-vivo expansion precedes therapeutic administration, to obtain a clinically relevant number of cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
Finally, fasting and intraperitoneal injection of β-HB upregulate Oct4 and Lamin B1 in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in mice in vivo. (crsociety.org)
All of this means nothing in terms of life span of cells in in your body (in vivo). (barefacedtruth.com)

It appears therefore of critical importance to evaluate the impact of senescence on MSC biological properties and to monitor senescence of MSC preparations before application [ 35 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Furthermore, we demonstrated that progerin-induced apoptosis could be rescued by XPA, suggesting that XPA-replication fork binding may prevent apoptosis in HGPS cells. (nih.gov)
Further, cell death effect of ST was associated with induction of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Cada célula está programada para realizar determinado número de divisiones celulares y, al finalizar dicho tiempo, la proliferación se interrumpe y la célula entra en un estado de inactividad tras el cual se produce la MUERTE CELULAR a través del proceso de APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)

Treatment with resveralogues was associated with altered splicing factor expression and rescue of multiple features of senescence. (beds.ac.uk)

iPS cells showed many characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) such as expression of pluripotency markers, reactivation of telomerase and the ability to form teratomas, demonstrating a potential to redifferentiate into descendants of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs, are mature, differentiated cells, such as skin cells, that are reprogrammed in the laboratory to be similar to undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. (jove.com)
These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells-able to produce all cell types-and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (jove.com)
It is still being studied whether iPSCs are truly equivalent to embryonic stem cells, but they appear to be similar and can produce cells from all three germ layers of the body. (jove.com)

Chronic exposure to IL-1β induces only partial expression of senescence markers and does not allow us to conclude on its ability to induce senescence in chondrocytes. (aging-us.com)
Although early passage primary fibroblast strains that lack both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) fail to assemble cyclin D-dependent kinases, oncogenic Ras retained its ability to induce p19(ARF), but not p16(INK4a), protecting Cip/Kip-null cells from proliferating and undergoing transformation. (ku.dk)

Mathematical connection between short telomere induced senescence calculation and mortality rate data for Int. J. Mol. (ibm.com)
In this paper, we extend this idea to make an actual calculation of the predicted mortality rate caused by short telomere length induced senescence (STLIS). (ibm.com)
Replicative senescence occurs because, owing to the biochemistry of DNA replication, cells acquire one or more critically short telomere. (chewdigest.com)

In fact, the cell division caused by telomere dysfunction is so unstable that it ends up creating genetic defects. (genengnews.com)

The study is reported in an article in the journal Nucleic Acids Research, titled, " Homologous recombination-mediated irreversible genome damage underlies telomere-induced senescence . (genengnews.com)
This updated model offers a new basis for stress- or age-associated genome damage and indicates, cells that escape telomere-mediated senescence harbor irreparable genome damage. (genengnews.com)

The team also showed that this stable stage is preceded by an unstable transient stage when the cell continues to divide despite uncapped telomeres. (genengnews.com)
Some epigenetic imprinting remained, the telomeres length was not fully restored, and the descendants of these cells entered senescence prematurely. (biologists.com)
Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
Depending on the cause of senescence, markers such as DNA damage, shortened telomeres, reactive oxidative species (ROS), and/or cell cycle inhibitors, such as p16 or p19, may also be present. (lifespan.io)
These defects include 1) reduced class switch recombination, responsible for the generation of a secondary response of class switched antibodies, 2) reduced de novo somatic hypermutation of the antibody variable region, 3) reduced binding and neutralization capacity, as well as binding specificity, of the secreted antibodies, 4) increased epigenetic modifications that are associated with lower antibody responses, 5) increased frequencies of inflammatory B cell subsets, and 6) shorter telomeres. (biomedcentral.com)
Our work focuses in particular on the relocation of eroded telomeres to the Nuclear Pore during replicative senescence and the functional consequences of this relocation. (crcm-marseille.fr)
These syndromes associated with shortened telomeres give rise to the bone marrow failure syndrome Dyskeratosis Congenita (DC), aplastic anemia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which may be caused by telomere exhaustion and a reduced replicative potential of stem cells. (crcm-marseille.fr)
the company that sells teprenone as an active for skin care wants you to think it does good things for DNA and telomeres (the ends of DNA strands that have to do with programmed cell death). (barefacedtruth.com)

Immortalized rodent fibroblast cell lines that lack INK4a/ARF function, ARF alone, or p53 are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of oncogenic Ras and instead continue to proliferate and undergo morphological transformation. (ku.dk)

The exosome vesicles are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV), which are defined as lipid-bilayer spheroid structures, without replicating capacity, that are released from cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (frontiersin.org)
Several lines of evidence suggest that replicative senescence evolved to protect higher eukaryotes, particularly mammals, from developing cancer. (chewdigest.com)

However, dysregulation of the DDR pathway allows cells to proliferate beyond senescence limits. (oncotarget.com)
The encoded protein is similar to a rat cell surface receptor proposed to function in a neuronal survival pathway. (utsouthwestern.edu)
However, whether β-HB alters the senescence pathway in vascular cells remains unknown. (crsociety.org)
It is thought that activation from the MAPK pathway provides cells with constitutive mitogenic indicators indie of extracellular stimuli (7). (molecularcircuit.com)
Constitutive activation of the pathway induces p53 p21 and p16 and leads to early senescence. (molecularcircuit.com)
In addition does not induce senescence when the activation from the MEK-ERK pathway is certainly particularly inhibited. (molecularcircuit.com)
The MEK-ERK pathway when activated by transforms cells. (molecularcircuit.com)

It is known that significant percentages of visceral adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and high glucose enhances adipogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). (hindawi.com)
It is known that adipocytes are derived, at least in part, from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (hindawi.com)
Despite initial therapeutic outcomes, conventional stem cells face key limitations. (biomedcentral.com)
The novel Cymerus™ manufacturing facilitates production of a virtually limitless supply of consistent human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which could play a key role in selective immunosuppression and graft repair during rejection. (biomedcentral.com)
however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. (jove.com)
As with other types of stem cells, scientists are learning how to promote the differentiation of specific cell types from iPSCs efficiently, so that the needed cell types can be produced in adequate quantities. (jove.com)
For example, quiescent stem cells can be healthy but not actively dividing, and activated immune cells promote inflammation as part of their normal functions [1]. (lifespan.io)
In aged mice, the self-renewal capacity of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) diminishes. (umassmed.edu)
further, stem cells have low immunogenicity because of lower levels of surface antigens . (fightaging.org)

We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)
In 2002, he joined Stanford University where he initially utilized his experience from Geron Corporation to research cardiovascular and endothelial progenitor cell function. (stanford.edu)

Recent advances in technology have made possible a broad approach to better understand the age-associated changes in immune cells, needed to design tailored vaccines and effective therapeutic strategies that will be able to improve the immune response of vulnerable individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, we will explore the current therapeutic approaches and challenges in targeting senescence. (frontiersin.org)
In 2012, he became a member of the Canary Center at Stanford University where he has leveraged his experience in cell and preclinical studies to develop imaging modalities to track therapeutic responses against cancer as well as detecting early stage cancers. (stanford.edu)

The main property that sets ESC apart from other cells is their pluripotent nature, meaning they can give rise/differentiate to cells of the three primary germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm) [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
That is, they divide and are pluripotent, able to produce any cell type in the body. (jove.com)

Telomere maintenance is normally controlled by telomerase activity as well as telomerase-associated factors throughout the cell cycle in tissue- and cell type-specific manners [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
For example, retinal cells that could be used to replace damaged retinal tissue. (jove.com)
However, cell proliferation is critical for renewal, repair and regeneration to maintain normal tissue homeostasis and functions. (umassmed.edu)
These cells possess both differentiation plasticity (stemness) and tissue supportive functions (stromalness) that can coexist and overlap, with differences depending on tissue source, donor characteristics, culture conditions and delivery strategies, leading to alternative best fittings for the term "stem" or "stromal" [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties and a high regenerative capacity. (frontiersin.org)

In cell culture, serum is the growth medium in which the cells are grown and contains vital nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
Under growth permissive conditions, cells demonstrating restored splicing factor expression also demonstrated increased telomere length, re-entered cell cycle and resumed proliferation. (beds.ac.uk)
Cell growth assay, cell cycle analysis, FACS, JC-1 staining, annexin V staining and immunoblotting were used to study the efficacy of ST on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
ST (30-90 μM) treatments for 48 h and 72 h did not show any significant effect on cell growth and death in A431 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Whereas similar ST treatments moderately inhibited the growth of A549 cells by up to 13% (p ≤ 0.05) in 48 h and 14% (p ≤ 0.05-0.0001) in 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
In MDA-MB-231 cells, ST caused a significant dose-dependent cell growth inhibition by 31- 63% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 48 h and 40-50% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been reported that under certain biological conditions p38 AP24534 can negatively AP24534 regulate cell growth. (molecularcircuit.com)

While in G1 the cell synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps of interphase leading to mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
NAMPT expression is regulated by high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins during senescence. (nature.com)
Phosphorylation of Stat1, Stat2 and Stat3 proteins have been induced by IFN a treatment method only in S 5/15, but not in R 17/3 Huh 7 cells. (fxragonists.com)
Steady expression of IFNAR1 within the resistant R 17/3 cell clone restored the phosphorylation of Stat1, Stat2 and Stat3 proteins. (fxragonists.com)
Final results of those experiments suggest that Stat1 GFP, Stat2 GFP and Stat3 GFP proteins effectively localized to your nucleus of S 5/15 cells right after IFN a therapy. (fxragonists.com)
Having said that, Stat1 GFP, Stat2 GFP and Stat3 GFP proteins have been localized supplier TKI258 while in the cytoplasm and their nuclear trans spot after IFN a treatment was blocked in the R 17/ three cells. (fxragonists.com)
Renovage induces heat shock proteins, not telomerase. (barefacedtruth.com)
Geranylgeranylacetone is a very potent chemical that induces naturally made molecules inside cells (from bacteria to human) called heat shock proteins (HSP's). (barefacedtruth.com)
Heat shock proteins are of great interest to cell biologists, and clearly can have a protective effect against cell damage (e.g. gastric epithelial cells). (barefacedtruth.com)
What Teprenone actually does is induce heat shock proteins. (barefacedtruth.com)

Unlike bacterial and plant cells, yeast cells do not elevate proline levels in response to various stresses [10] . (microbialcell.com)

SIRT2, an NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase, contributes to H4-K16Ac deacetylation and DNA compaction in human fibroblast cell lines that assemble striking senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHFs). (biomedcentral.com)
53BP1 DNA harm foci had been counted on pictures obtained utilizing a fluorescence microscope, 400 500 cell nuclei were counted per sample. (fxragonists.com)

Frog egg cell extracts have been used extensively in cell cycle research because they are relatively large, reaching a diameter of 1mm, and so contain large amounts of protein, making protein levels more easily measurable. (wikipedia.org)
p27Kip1 protein levels are elevated in arresting cells. (wikipedia.org)
The secure expression of IFNAR1 from the resistant cells corrected the impaired nuclear translocation of Stat1 GFP, Stat2 GFP and Stat3 GFP protein. (fxragonists.com)

This study used etoposide, to induce DNA damage-related senescence or chronic exposure to IL-1β to entail inflammation-related senescence in human OA chondrocytes. (aging-us.com)
The new cells could then be transplanted back into the patient to treat damage or disease with minimal risk of rejection, because they originated from the patient's own cells. (jove.com)
Telomeric DNA damage response induced by some cancer treatments can persist for months, possibly accounting for long-term sequelae of cancer treatments. (oaepublish.com)
Oxidative damage accumulation occurs in tissues of older adults and cells undergoing extended division in vitro . (molcells.org)
Oct4 increases Lamin B1, a key factor against DNA damage-induced senescence. (crsociety.org)

For example, centrophenoxine is a cholinergic nootropic used for treating senile dementia that notably decreased or reversed lipofuscin accumulation in post-mitotic cells over two weeks ( Terman and Welander, 1999 ). (molcells.org)
Similarly, remofuscin reversed lipofuscin accumulation in older human retinal pigment epithelium cells and restored retinal degeneration in a pathologic Stargardt disease mouse model. (molcells.org)

examined individual clones and found that endogenous pluripotency gene expression was activated and the promoters of OCT4 and NANOG , which are usually heavily methylated in differentiated cells, were demethylated in the newly converted iPS cells. (biologists.com)
Deletion of the proline oxidase gene PUT1 and expression of the γ-glutamate kinase mutant gene PRO1-I150T that is less sensitive to feedback inhibition accumulated proline and extended the replicative lifespan of yeast cells. (microbialcell.com)
The induction of IRF7 gene by IFNα in immortal LFS cells was potentiated by pretreatment with the demethylation agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. (figshare.com)
To help expand validate senescence real-time RT-PCR evaluation of expression from the senescence-related gene markers specifically p53 p21 p16 and GLB1 was performed in three different H2O2-treated WJ-MSC lines (Fig. (bioerc-iend.org)

Individual clones were able to differentiate into cells expressing markers of all three germ layers as well as form teratomas with organ-like structures typical of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
The authors suggest the c-dsDNA signals were more sensitive then more traditional markers of senescence. (lifespan.io)
In accordance with the respective neglected parental cells the four markers had been generally upregulated albeit to different extents using the feasible exclusion of p53. (bioerc-iend.org)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced lung injury and develop effective therapeutics. (ersjournals.com)
In this review we connect the current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host response to the clinical presentation of COVID-19, borrowing concepts from influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathogenesis and discussing how these ideas inform our evolving understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS. (ersjournals.com)
Our review explores influenza A virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a paradigm for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced ARDS pathogenesis and ageing as a risk factor for severe disease. (ersjournals.com)

Mimosine is a plant amino acid that has been shown to reversibly inhibit progression beyond G1 phase in some human cells, including lymphoblastoid cells. (wikipedia.org)

Hayflick, L. & Moorhead, P. S. The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. (nature.com)

SA-ß-gal staining is perhaps the most well-known marker of senescence, but it is a notoriously technical stain to conduct appropriately and is questionably effective for certain cell types, such as epithelial cells and neurons. (lifespan.io)

Anatomy18

Organisms6

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Cellular54

Fibroblasts21

Stress-induced premature senescence1

Senescent67

Phenotype5

Premature9

Oxidative stress8

Arrest18

Oncogene-induced senescence2

Mechanisms4

Genes12

Mechanism7

Aging20

Pathways3

SASP4

Transcription6

Mitochondrial3

Tumorigenesis4

Somatic cells8

Vivo5

Impact of senescence1

Apoptosis3

Features of senescence1

Embryonic stem4

Ability to induce2

Short telomere3

Dysfunction1

Genome2

Telomeres8

Oncogenic1

Eukaryotes2

Pathway7

Stem cells13

Endothelial3

Therapeutic3

Pluripotent2

Tissue4

Mesenchymal1

Growth7

Proteins10

Stresses1

Foci2

Protein3

Damage5

Accumulation2

Gene4

Markers3

Pathogenesis3

Progression1

Human diploid1

Epithelial cells1