Replication protein replication defective viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

This leads to the production of defective virus that is unable to replicate. (infohep.org)
Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
That is, the virus can get into a cell or be introduced into cells and replicate but is unable to produce infectious virus would offer a pathway to expand research capacity without the use of special laboratory facilities. (promegaconnections.com)
Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms. (difference.wiki)
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
One of the most convincing methods to verify a putative virus receptor is to transfer the receptor gene into a cell line that cannot bind virus and later demonstrate that the receptor-negative cell acquires the ability to bind virus and permit virus to replicate within it after the receptor gene is regained [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These medications prevent HIV entry into its target cells or inhibit the three enzymes (reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease) that the virus uses to replicate. (msdmanuals.com)
For the virus to replicate, its RNA must be converted to DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV), discovered in 1977, is a defective virus requiring the presence of HBV in order to replicate. (cdc.gov)

Modulating agents include human E3 ubiquitin ligases, antibodies thereto and variants thereof, as well as related proteins. (justia.com)
Sendai virus M protein is found in two distinct isoforms defined by monoclonal antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These animals showed no clinical signs of FMD, no viremia, and did not develop antibodies against viral nonstructural (NS) proteins, suggesting that complete protection from infection was achieved. (usda.gov)
Lipid cell signaling and critical metabolic enzymes: Antibodies and lipid recognition proteins, assays & enzymes, intracellular lipid delivery systems, isoprenoids, lipid-protein interaction tools, lysophospolipid products, MEP pathway intermediates, phosphoinositides & derivatives, phospholipase substrates and sphingolipid products. (openpr.com)
Products include DNA vectors for cloning and expression, cell transfection reagents and cell culture tools, immobilized and soluble enzymes, products for genomics and proteomics research, numerous antibodies and recombinant proteins, superior fluorescence reagents and kits, affinity chromatography products, as well as general laboratory equipment. (openpr.com)
Hence, we conclude that it is possible to use pseudovirus inhibition assay to screen sera samples, as well as evaluate vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against H7N9 virus. (preprints.org)
Interestingly, these mice developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses that are protective upon lethal challenge with the rMR virus. (unl.edu)
Under the terms of the agreement, Sino Biological will provide key bioreagents such as recombinant proteins, antibodies and detection kits for use in COVID-19 vaccine development underway at GeoVax. (gabio.org)
The company's ever-growing portfolio of products includes recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, ELISA assay kits, expression clones, cell culture media, and other molecular biology tools. (gabio.org)

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging pathogen, can infect the female reproductive tract (FRT) and cause devastating diseases, particularly in pregnant women. (bvsalud.org)
Released virus is then able to infect neighboring cells until all susceptible cells are eliminated. (hindawi.com)
Remove the coding sequences for structural proteins responsible for generating a virus that can infect more cells. (promegaconnections.com)
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a nonenveloped, single stranded DNA virus from the Paroviridae family notable for its lack of pathogenicity, low immunogenicity and ability to infect both dividing and quiescent cells. (openpr.com)
Research in my lab focuses on the chlorella viruses that infect chlorella-like algae. (uml.edu)
Sequence and Annotation of the 314-Kb MT325 and the 321-kb FR483 Viruses That Infect Chlorella Pbi. (uml.edu)
Sequence and annotation of the 369-kb NY-2A and the 345-kb AR158 viruses that infect Chlorella NC64A. (uml.edu)
Any of various submicroscopic agents that infect living organisms, often causing disease, and that consist of a single or double strand of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat. (difference.wiki)
To send or infect an electronic device with a computer virus. (difference.wiki)
Carstens points out that the greatest limitation of viral vector systems is their tropism, that is, the type of cells that a virus will naturally infect. (biopharminternational.com)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
The result is immature, defective HIV that does not infect new cells. (msdmanuals.com)
To be able to infect other cells, the budded virus must mature. (msdmanuals.com)

Additionally, because the NOD2 protein is regulated by a gene implicated in the inflammatory intestinal condition Crohn's disease, the findings offer a new explanation for the severe CMV infections that sometimes occur in patients with Crohn's. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The Hansenula polymorpha PER9 gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein essential for peroxisome assembly and integrity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Analysis of the Sendai virus M gene and protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
DsRNAs accumulate in the host cells in viral infections as a result of viral gene expression and/or viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)
The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
E1-deleted (including E1a-deleted) adenoviruses are replication defective and are commonly used as viral vectors to carry therapeutic genes for gene therapy. (hindawi.com)
Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Swine inoculated with 109 pfu of a control Ad5 virus lacking the IFN gene and challenged 24 hours later with FMDV developed typical signs of FMD including fever, vesicular lesions, and viremia. (usda.gov)
Analysis of two highly expressed genes from Chlorella virus PBCV-1: Protein characterization and the DNA sequences of the major capsid protein gene and the early/late 33-kDa protein gene. (uml.edu)
Putative Gene Promoter Sequences in the Chlorella Viruses. (uml.edu)
CAN-2409, Candel's most advanced viral immunotherapy candidate, is a replication-defective adenovirus that delivers the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene to cancer cells. (candeltx.com)
The production of lentiviral pseudovirus was analysed by HA gene specific real-time reverse-transcription PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western Blot assay to prove the nucleic acid replication, the morphology of virus, and the expression of HA protein in pseudovirus. (preprints.org)
From Texas A&M University, Blanca Lupiani reported that she and her colleagues recently showed that insertion of LTR (long term repeat) sequences into the CVI988 resulted in the generation of CVRM, a virus with similar protective efficacy.The CVRM virus was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome, by insertion of mini-F sequences into the US2 gene by homologous recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
For this purpose, the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was cloned into CVRM genome by recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)
Viral vectors show promise as a delivery mechanism for gene therapy, but which virus types are commercially viable? (biopharminternational.com)
Several virus types have been studied for use as viral vectors in gene therapy, including adenovirus, lentivirus, retrovirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV). (biopharminternational.com)
The commercial viability of other virus types also continues to be explored, particularly for treatments that require a larger payload, transient expression, or insertion of a gene of interest in the genome. (biopharminternational.com)
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Fully elucidating the early steps of retrovirus replication is therefore crucial not only for identifying new antiretroviral drugs, but also for improving the design of retroviral vectors for gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, in order to discover those membrane proteins that may be involved in JEV attachment to or entry into virus permissive BHK-21 cells, a chemically mutated cell line (designated 3A10-3F) that became less susceptible to JEV infection was preliminarily established and selected by repeated low moi JEV challenges and RT-PCR detection for viral RNA E gene fragment. (biomedcentral.com)

I think when you have no commercial experience with a vaccine strategy and you're using that as a way to try to stop a new virus, there will be something of a learning curve. (medscape.com)
So you have this difficult-to-characterize, elusive virus that you are now about to meet with a handful of vaccine strategies for which you have no commercial experience. (medscape.com)
Killed and live influenza virus vaccines are effective in preventing and curbing the spread of disease, but new technologies such as reverse genetics could be used to improve them and to shorten the lengthy process of preparing vaccine seed viruses. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, the 2005-2006 vaccine formulation is made up of the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/California/7/2004 (H3N2), and B/Shanghai/361/2002 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Changes in the HA of circulating viruses (antigenic drift) require periodic replacement of the vaccine strains during interpandemic periods. (cdc.gov)
Because of this bureaucratic roadblock, the H3N2 component of the 2003-2004 influenza virus vaccine was antigenically "off" and showed suboptimal efficacy. (cdc.gov)
Also, because the cumbersome classical reassortment technique used for preparing the appropriate seed strains makes the yearly process of manufacturing influenza virus vaccines unnecessarily lengthy, new variants first appearing early in the season are rarely considered for the vaccine formulation of the following winter. (cdc.gov)
In the United States, Dryvax became the first approved vaccinia virus vaccine in 1931. (medscape.com)
Vaccinia virus is the species now characterized as the constituent of smallpox vaccine. (medscape.com)
Havrix vaccine is a sterile suspension of inactivated virus strain HM175 which is propagated in MRC-5 human diploid cells. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) vaccine development has been an ongoing challenge for decades. (precisionvaccinations.com)
HIL-214 norovirus bivalent vaccine candidate uses virus-like particle antigens. (precisionvaccinations.com)
HIPRA COVID-19 Vaccine is a heterologous recombinant protein vaccine. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine candidates prevent infections that attack the human immune system. (precisionvaccinations.com)
The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccine candidate (GSK4108771A) utilizes self-amplifying messenger RNA, "SAM" technology. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Sanofi Pasteur HSV529 is a herpes vaccine candidate classified as a replication-defective virus, where the virus possesses all the components of the wild-type HSV virus with the exception of two proteins UL5 and UL29 that are involved in viral DNA replication. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity evaluation of a multiclade HIV-1 candidate vaccine delivered by a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus vector. (emmes.com)
The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is a high global priority. (emmes.com)
Here, we report the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vector HIV-1 candidate vaccine. (emmes.com)
AADvac1 is a therapeutic vaccine candidate for Alzheimer's disease that targets misfolded tau protein. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Pfizer ABRYSVO RSVpreF PF-06928316 RSV bivalent vaccine based on the prefusion form of the RSV fusion protein. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Ad26.ZIKV.001 is an Ad26-Vectored Anti-Zika Virus Vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)
CanSinoBio Ad5-EBOV is an adenovirus type 5 recombinant vector-based Ebola virus disease vaccine that protects against Ebola virus disease. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Adacel vaccine contains noninfectious tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis proteins. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Altimmune Inc.'s AdCOVID COVID-19 vaccine candidate was based on an adenovirus-based intranasal vaccine platform and expresses the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (precisionvaccinations.com)
AG0301 COVID-19 Vaccine candidate is a plasmid DNA vaccine that disables the connection between the protein spikes of the coronavirus and receptors in human cells. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Ambirix vaccine contains inactivated (killed) hepatitis A virus and 'surface antigen' (proteins from the surface) parts of the hepatitis B virus as active substances. (precisionvaccinations.com)
The CVI988 strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly effective vaccine to protect chicken against very virulent strains of MDV. (thepoultrysite.com)
Our results suggest that glycosylation of both E and NS1 proteins plays an important role in virus pathogenicity, and m5MR virus could be developed as a live attenuated viral vaccine for ZIKV. (unl.edu)
Sino Biological was the first to market with mammalian cell-made COVID-19 viral recombinant proteins and offers a full range of these and other bioreagents to complement and aid in COVID-19 vaccine development and has the world's largest selection of coronavirus research-grade products. (gabio.org)
GeoVax is at the forefront of development for a COVID-19 vaccine and its use of recombinant viruses to generate virus-like particles (VLPs) in vivo has demonstrated considerable immune response for other viruses in a number of human clinical trials. (gabio.org)
On this platform, MVA, a large virus capable of carrying several vaccine antigens, expresses proteins that assemble into VLP immunogens within the person receiving the vaccine ( in vivo ). (gabio.org)

Sorting and function of peroxisomal membrane proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
PEX3 functions as a PEX19 docking factor in the import of class I peroxisomal membrane proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
For the 30kb DNA version of SARS-CoV-2, these structural elements are the envelope and membrane proteins. (promegaconnections.com)
The noted discrepancy of membrane proteins included calcium binding proteins (annexin A1, annexin A2), and voltage-dependent anion channels proteins (VDAC 1, VDAC 2), suggesting that these molecules may affect JEV attachment to and/or entry into BHK-21 cells and worthy of further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)

Avian leukemia virus E26 is a replication defective retrovirus that induces a mixed erythroid/myeloid leukemia in chickens. (expasy.org)
However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)

A variety of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, cytokines, antigens, stress inducing agents, UV light and viral proteins initiate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to NF-κB release and activation. (justia.com)
CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). (lookformedical.com)

Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is a zinc-binding and proline-rich hydrophilic phosphoprotein that plays a key role in Hepatitis C virus RNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus NS5A nonstructural protein: A new paradigm for phosphorylation-dependent viral RNA replication? (wikipedia.org)
During the past decade, two additional viruses have been discovered: hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). (cdc.gov)

Here, we demonstrated the interferon (IFN)-independent protection conferred by the influenza DI virus against homologous virus infection in mice deficient in type I and III IFN signaling. (flu.org.cn)
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have identified a protein that regulates the body's immune response to infection with cytomegalovirus, a common pathogen. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Inoculation with vaccina virus produces a localized skin infection. (medscape.com)
Whether your research is focused on slowing the infection via targeting viral replication or combat the virus by gaining insights on potential repurposed treatments-we have all the tools needed for your cutting edge COVID-19 research. (chromnet.net)
Several ND10 components are rapidly recruited to sites that are closely associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes during the earliest stages of infection, and this property correlates with the efficiency of ND10 mediated restriction of HSV-1 replication. (mdpi.com)
Similar but distinct recruitment of certain DNA damage response proteins also occurs during infection. (mdpi.com)
These recruitment events are inhibited in a normal wild type HSV-1 infection by the viral regulatory protein ICP0. (mdpi.com)
We show here that the interactions between DV E protein, the sole mannosylated glycoprotein present on DV particles, and the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) are essential for DV infection of DCs. (unboundmedicine.com)
In infection with the morbillivirus prototype measles virus (MeV), cellular and humoral immunity contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
The production of VLPs in the person being vaccinated mimics virus production in a natural infection, stimulating both the humoral and cellular arms of the immune system to recognize, prevent, and control the target infection. (gabio.org)
The pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is not definitely elucidated as the initial interaction between virus and host cell receptors required for JEV infection is not clearly defined yet. (biomedcentral.com)
The first step of virus infection requires the interaction between virus attachment proteins (VAPs) and cellular receptors, which is known to contribute to host range, tissue tropism and viral pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The differential diagnosis includes other forms of viral hepatitis including mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, autoimmune disease, and widespread systemic infection with liver failure. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is the second most common form of viral hepatitis in the United States. (medscape.com)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a viral infection that progressively destroys certain white blood cells and is treated with antiretroviral medications. (msdmanuals.com)
When diagnostic tests for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were developed, HAV was found to be the major cause of infectious hepatitis and HBV was found to be the major cause of serum hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
Because HDV infection is dependent on HBV for replication, immunization to prevent HBV infection, through either pre- or postexposure prophylaxis, can also prevent HDV infection. (cdc.gov)

Donor cells expressing replication-defective viruses, carrying mutated reverse transcriptase, integrase or nucleocapsid proteins induced IFN production by target cells as potently as wild-type virus. (hal.science)

Therefore, strategies to use conditional oncolytic virus, or the so-called attenuated replication-competent viruses, to specifically target prostate tissue have been developed [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
The replication of cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus defective interfering-satellite RNA hybrid molecules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
However, we observed that endocytosis-defective DC-SIGN molecules allow efficient DV replication, indicating that DC-SIGN endocytosis is dispensable for the internalization step in DV entry. (unboundmedicine.com)
Eye proteins are the biological molecules that make up the various structures of the eye and are essential for its proper function. (lookformedical.com)
The simplest viruses have no lipid envelope and may be considered as complex aggregates of molecules, sometimes only a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a coat protein. (difference.wiki)

Cell 75:495, 1993), and a series of unique E6-AP homologous proteins have been identified (Huibregtse et al. (justia.com)
Although it is highly homologous to G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE 2, it is not considered to play an essential role in regulating myocardial contractile response. (lookformedical.com)

NS5A is derived from a large polyprotein that is translated from the HCV genome, and undergoes post-translation processing by nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) viral protease. (wikipedia.org)
We use a combination of cell-based and in vitro assays to show that the interface of the FluPol A dimer is required for vRNA synthesis during replication of the viral genome. (nature.com)
Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)
This replication-defective SARS-CoV-2 could be created to encode as much or as little of the genome needed to examine its lifecycle without becoming a fully infectious virus. (promegaconnections.com)
Replace the structural proteins in the DNA version of the viral genome with reporter genes. (promegaconnections.com)
By synthesizing the viral genome, there is no need to work with an infectious virus at any point when creating this version of SARS-CoV-2. (promegaconnections.com)
Thus, it takes time and effort to create a full-length synthetic DNA version of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome that correctly codes for the elements desired, not the wild-type virus. (promegaconnections.com)
It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
One isolate, PBCV-1, for example, (genome size = 330744 bp dsDNA) codes for ~375 proteins, nearly half of which resemble proteins of known function. (uml.edu)
These assays designate proviral DNA as intact or defective based on hybridization of PCR-amplified proviral DNA to probes in two to five relatively conserved locations on the HIV-1 genome. (nature.com)
To address the changes in the viral genome that may have led to increased virulence of the virus, I constructed an infectious cDNA clone for the historical ZIKV isolate MR766. (unl.edu)

These are found in natural infections as part of the virus population within the infected host. (flu.org.cn)
The new research provides first-of-its-kind evidence that this receptor also helps fight DNA viruses, known to cause lifelong infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The NOD2 protein is a known susceptibility marker for Crohn's disease, so the findings may offer a new explanation for the severe CMV infections seen in some patients with Crohn's. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Infectious disease specialists at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center have identified a protein that regulates the body's immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV), a common pathogen that causes lifelong infections and can lead to devastating illness in newborns and those with weakened immune systems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
DNA viruses are known for their ability to cause chronic infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Infections caused by several positive-stranded RNA viruses allow the characterization of DCLs involved in the RNA-silencing-based antiviral immune responses of plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular Analysis of Soybean Dwarf Virus Isolates in the Eastern United States Confirms the Presence of Both D and Y Strains and Provides Evidence of Mixed Infections and Recombination. (uml.edu)
For external use: infections of the skin caused by Herpes Simplex virus and Varicella Zoster like Herpes Simplex of the skin and mucous membranes, genital herpes (primary and recurrent) localized zoster (support therapy). (catalog.md)
GeoVax's current development programs are focused on preventive vaccines against COVID-19, HIV, Zika, hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola, Sudan, Marburg, and Lassa), and malaria, as well as therapeutic vaccines against chronic Hepatitis B infections and multiple cancers. (gabio.org)
More detailed information regarding the epidemiologic features and prevention measures for hepatitis B are presented in two previously published slide sets: 1) "Elimination of hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States: routine childhood vaccination," and 2) "Prevention of perinatal and early childhood hepatitis B virus infections in the United States," both of which are available from the National Technical Information Service (800-CDC-1824). (cdc.gov)

The Sendai virus nucleocapsid exists in at least four different helical states. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) interfere with the HBV core protein, which plays a role in packaging viral genetic material into a nucleocapsid shell. (infohep.org)
These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell. (lookformedical.com)

Immunization strategies against this morbillivirus using recombinant adenoviruses expressing PPRV-F or -H proteins can protect PPRV-challenged animals and permit differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Some vectors, such as adenoviruses, have a fairly broad tropism, and the target range is often modified by engineering part of the envelope proteins. (biopharminternational.com)

Fig. 2: Mutations at the interface of the FluPol A dimer inhibit cRNA to vRNA replication. (nature.com)
CAMs also inhibit formation of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), probably by interfering with capsid disassembly, an early step in viral replication. (infohep.org)
Since G1P2/ISG15 is an early antiviral protein, NS1 may inhibit the host antiviral response. (cusabio.com)

The genomes of other chlorella virus isolates are probably co-linear with PBCV-1 and appear to share many, but not all, genes. (uml.edu)
Analyses of full-length genomes of over 300 ZIKV isolates revealed that one sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. (unl.edu)

On the bases of pairwise complementation tests between different NS5A mutant alleles, they identified three complementation groups that were considered to define three distinct and genetically separable functions of NS5A in RNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
IMPORTANCE During replication, the influenza virus generates genetically defective viruses. (flu.org.cn)

This mediciine acyclovir is active against Herpes Simplex virus types 1 and 2, Varicella Zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. (catalog.md)
For topical use in ophthalmology: keratitis and other eye damage caused by Herpes Simplex virus. (catalog.md)

A recombinant HCMV bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid (BACmid) expressing the nonshuttling UL84 mutant (NS84 BAC) was defective for production of infectious virus. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)

The novel RNA-binding site of NS1B is required for optimal influenza B virus replication and is absent from influenza A viruses. (cusabio.com)

TransIT-VirusGEN® Transfection Reagent by Mirus, USA, is designed to enhance delivery of packaging and transfer vectors to adherent and suspension HEK 293 cell types to increase recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus production. (openpr.com)

The nucleic acid of the virus can be DNA or RNA. (difference.wiki)

Quantitative viral outgrowth assays (QVOAs) are the gold standard for identification of rebound-competent sequences, because they measure the number of cells that can be reactivated in vitro to produce infectious virus 4 , 16 . (nature.com)

This increased multiciliogenesis could also be detected at the protein level via the immunofluorescence staining of lung tissue from DI-treated mice. (flu.org.cn)
Double-labelled immunofluorescence showed that both p33 and p92 replicase proteins localized to peroxisomes, independently of one another and of the presence of the replication template. (microbiologyresearch.org)
VP2 protein was expressed at high levels as determined by immunofluorescence of CVRM-VP2 infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. (thepoultrysite.com)
VP2 protein was expressed at similar levels regardless of the cloning location, as determined by immunofluorescence of HVT-VP2 infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. (thepoultrysite.com)
The susceptibility to JEV of 3A10-3F cells was significantly weakened compared with parental BHK-21 cells, verified by indirect immunofluorescence assay, virus plague formation assay, and flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

With a protein coat and lipid bilayer, these mammalian virus-based reference materials resemble the complexity of virus targets found in clinical samples. (seracare.com)
Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. (lookformedical.com)

At the same time, the adenoviral serotype 5 capsid protein elicits a strong pro-inflammatory signal in the tumor microenvironment. (candeltx.com)

We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
Human being cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL84 is a multifunctional protein that is the proposed initiator for lytic viral DNA synthesis. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
The manifestations of disease caused by multiplication of viruses in cells may be due to destruction of the cells caused by subversion of the cellular metabolic processes by the virus, or by synthesis of a virus-specific toxin. (difference.wiki)

Compatible with multiplexed RT-PCR and NGS-based assays, AccuPlex custom recombinant virus materials are constructed with a replication-defective mammalian virus, producing a safe, non-infectious material (Figure 1). (seracare.com)

ii) an attenuated, replication-defective orthopoxvirus (Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara), encoding for the same neoantigens. (biosafety.be)
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)

Amubarvimab / Romlusevimab (BRII-196/BRII-198) is a SARS-CoV-2 virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody combination therapy. (precisionvaccinations.com)

Despite no inherent enzymatic activity being attributed to NS5A, its function is mediated through interaction with other nonstructural (NS) viral and cellular proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Intrinsic antiviral resistance is a branch of antiviral defence that involves constitutively expressed cellular proteins that act within individual infected cells. (mdpi.com)
Much has been learned regarding nuclear entry, but the cellular proteins involved are still unknown and the exact role of each viral component remains controversial [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Neither assay suggested defective proviruses decay over 10 years. (nature.com)

Certain defective viruses, such as hepatitis D, a human pathogen. (difference.wiki)

Substitution of Val 113 in Sendai virus (SeV) M protein generates non-functional polypeptides, characterized by their exclusion from virus particles and by their ability to interfere with virus particle production. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Without the membrane and envelope proteins that make up most of the viral particle outer layer, the virus is incapable of infecting other cells. (promegaconnections.com)
Virus is a particle of nucleoprotein. (difference.wiki)
An infectious particle, similar to but smaller than a virus, that consists solely of a strand of RNA and is capable of causing disease in plants. (difference.wiki)
The objective here is to prevent formation of a replication-competent viral particle," Carstens emphasizes. (biopharminternational.com)

Genetic manipulation of non- segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In fact, this replication-defective version of SARS-CoV-2 could include additional genetic elements that could be used to control its expression, track the virus in cells and measure the level of its replication. (promegaconnections.com)
Create a synthetic DNA version of the RNA virus containing only the desired genetic elements. (promegaconnections.com)
The virus has a protein covering around genetic material which is called capsid. (difference.wiki)
Viral vector systems are gutted viruses where the packaging signals (e.g., the genetic signals that target the wrapping into the viral particles) are fused to the genes of interest (the payload), and the remaining necessary elements are placed on separate genetic elements, often three or more, says Carsten Carstens, senior scientist, R&D, Agilent Technologies. (biopharminternational.com)
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
2. HIV releases RNA, the genetic code of the virus, into the cell. (msdmanuals.com)

Because NS5A exerts functionally essential effects in regulation of viral replication, assembly and egress, it has been considered a potential drug target for antiviral therapeutic intervention. (wikipedia.org)

To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
This review integrates most experimental studies and clinical trials of various oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the diagnosis and treatment of GC. (frontiersin.org)

The main structural coat protein of COATED VESICLES which play a key role in the intracellular transport between membranous organelles. (lookformedical.com)
The virus is an obligate intracellular parasite which can reproduce only by attacking and taking over host cells as they lack the cellular machinery for reproduction. (difference.wiki)

Influenza defective interfering (DI) viruses have long been considered promising antiviral candidates because of their ability to interfere with replication-competent viruses and induce antiviral immunity. (flu.org.cn)
Some versions of these defective viruses are thought to have protective effects through their interference with replication-competent viruses and induction of antiviral immunity. (flu.org.cn)
Experimental drugs that interfere with hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly continue to show promise as a new approach to antiviral treatment, according to research presented at the AASLD Liver Meeting last month in San Francisco. (infohep.org)
Avigan (favipiravir) (Reeqonus) is an antiviral agent that selectively and potently inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Here using a recombinant virus encoding a NS1B protein defective in ISG15 binding, the authors show that NS1B counteracts ISGylation-mediated antiviral activity by binding and sequestering ISGylated viral proteins, primarily ISGylated viral nucleoprotein, in infected cells. (cusabio.com)

Create separate constructs for the membrane and envelope structural proteins that can be added to cultured cells for packaging the replication-defective virus. (promegaconnections.com)
Infectivity, he explains, is usually dictated by the envelope proteins present in a virus and the cellular surface components to which those proteins bind. (biopharminternational.com)

Vaccination with vaccinia virus has been directly responsible for the successful eradication of smallpox (variola). (medscape.com)
Although the exact origins of vaccinia virus are uncertain, vaccinia may represent a hybrid of the variola and cowpox viruses. (medscape.com)
During 2003, because of the concern for biological warfare, the United States government recommended that all first responders be vaccinated with the vaccinia virus. (medscape.com)
The history of the vaccinia virus is that of smallpox, a serious illness characterized by the eruption of small pocklike lesions throughout the skin and internal organs. (medscape.com)
While attempting to identify the responsible agent, Dr. Jenner ultimately isolated the vaccinia virus. (medscape.com)
Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS . (lookformedical.com)

Regulatory proteins that down-regulate phosphorylated G-protein membrane receptors, including rod and cone photoreceptors and adrenergic receptors. (lookformedical.com)
A family of serine-threonine kinases that are specific for G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
A ubiquitously expressed G-protein-coupled receptor kinase subtype that has specificity for the agonist-occupied form of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and a variety of other G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. (lookformedical.com)

QVOAs performed on longitudinal samples from that time frame produced a consensus half-life of 4-5 years for the replication-competent latent reservoir 31 , 32 . (nature.com)

Current vaccines are based on live attenuated viruses that control the disease but cannot differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (the so-called DIVA approach) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The GV-MVA-VLP TM derived vaccines can elicit durable immune responses in the host similar to a live-attenuated virus, while typically providing the safety characteristics of a replication-defective vector. (gabio.org)

Since the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is also glycosylated and known to play a role in transmission and pathogenicity, I mutated the glycosylation sites in NS1 (N130 and N207) individually or in combination in the background of m2MR virus. (unl.edu)

4] This virus is transmitted by the fecal-oral route,[3, 4, 1] and there is 1 worldwide serotype. (medscape.com)

However constitutive expression of the core replication proteins along with the nonshuttling UL84 mutant resulted in efficient oriLyt amplification suggesting that shuttling may contribute to the activity of one of the auxiliary replication proteins. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
N-glycosylation profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G mutant and its ancestral protein characterized by advanced mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
The mutant viruses replicated poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicated well following intracranial inoculation, suggesting that the N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion. (unl.edu)
All mutant viruses grew to titers similar to the rMR virus in cell culture except the m5MR virus (triple glycosylation defective), which grew to lower titers. (unl.edu)

DCL marks) were indeed examined in DCL defective A. thaliana dcl mutants. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, Env-deleted or fusion defective HIV-1 mutants were less efficient, suggesting that in addition to TLR7, cytoplasmic cellular sensors may also mediate sensing of infected cells. (hal.science)

Many of these genes encode proteins (e.g., enzymes involved in protein glycosylation) rarely associated with viruses. (uml.edu)

For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

Mammalian ELK-1, ELK-3 (also known as Net or SAP-2) and ELK-4 (also known as SRF accessory protein 1 (SAP-1)), which all form a ternary complex with the serum response factor (SRF). (expasy.org)
Another advantage to building the SARS-CoV-2 from the ground up is that the codons used for synthesizing the needed viral proteins can be optimized for mammalian cells. (promegaconnections.com)

The primary objective of these viral vector systems is to achieve the highest possible titers without forming replication-competent variants. (biopharminternational.com)

Most of these sequences qualify as junk but they are littered with defective transposable elements that are already included in the calculation of junk DNA. (blogspot.com)

I think the most surprising aspect of this virus is that it causes vasculitis , but not because it reproduces itself in the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. (medscape.com)
The protein - a cell receptor called NOD2 found in several types of immune cells - has long been known for its role in fighting off bacterial invaders by sensing their presence and alerting immune cells to release chemicals that weaken or destroy the harmful bacteria. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Use of MDCK cells for virus isolation is not allowed by FDA's rules, which do not yet encompass advanced technologies or scientifically sound purification procedures based on limiting dilutions or cloning with DNA. (cdc.gov)
We found that IFNÉ was expressed not only by epithelial cells in the FRT but also by immune and stromal cells at baseline or after exposure to viruses or specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. (bvsalud.org)
The replicase proteins p33 and p92 of Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) were found to support the replication of defective interfering (DI) RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Two yeast strains were used, differing in the biogenesis of peroxisomes, the organelles supplying the membranous vesicular environment in which CymRSV RNA replication takes place in infected plant cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
DI RNA replication occurred in yeast cells, as demonstrated by the presence of monomers and dimers of positive and negative polarities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
DI RNA replication also took place in yeast cells devoid of peroxisomes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It is suggested that replication in these cells was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We demonstrated that cells infected with these viruses express high levels of biologically active IFN. (usda.gov)
Thymidine kinase of virus-infected cells actively converts acyclovir through a series of sequential reactions in the mono-, di- and triphosphate of acyclovir. (catalog.md)
The virus infects all types of cells. (difference.wiki)
Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
Glycine substitutions of the SH3-BM (aa 122-127) within NS1 protein lead to enhanced viral replication in human cells. (cusabio.com)
Finally, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with LC-MS/MS was utilized to recognize the most differentially expressed proteins from membrane protein extracts of 3A10-3F and BHK-21 cells respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Such broad tropism of JEV rationally suggests that most possibly there exists more than one cellular receptor responsible for virus binding and entry into susceptible cells above mentioned. (biomedcentral.com)
Much earlier, a report stated that a 74 kDa protein on Vero cells was found to be capable of binding JEV and might be involved in virus uptake process [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A recent paper also indicated that several proteins on the surface of C6/36 cells with masses ranging from 35-80 kDa and 150-200 kDa may bind to JEV, but failed to identify specific proteins by mass spectroscopic fingerprint analysis [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However examination of cytoplasmic RNA and subcellular localization of IRS1 revealed a decrease in IRS1 mRNA accumulation Acetazolamide and displaced protein localization strongly suggesting that UL84 facilitated the localization of IRS1 mRNA to the cytoplasm. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)

The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)

In this study, We construct and produce pseudovirus bearing the full-length hemagglutinin (HA) of H7N9 virus in the Env-defective, luciferase-expressing HIV-1 backbone. (preprints.org)

In addition, these animals did not develop an antibody response against viral nonstructural proteins indicating sterile protection. (usda.gov)

Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)
In March 2013, a novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus was emerged in China, which cause rapidly progressive pneumonia and with a high fatality rate. (preprints.org)

This genus of single-stranded negative sense enveloped RNA viruses causes relevant diseases (like measles or canine distemper) in human and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
HAV is a small, nonenveloped, positive, single-stranded RNA virus that was first identified by electron microscopy in 1973 and classified within the genus Hepatovirus of the picornavirus family. (medscape.com)

A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
Its newly launched ProVir TM collection is the world's largest viral antigen bank, carrying over 800 products from 350 strains of viruses. (gabio.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms33

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes40

Information Science3

Health Care1

Replicate9

Antibodies9

Infect13

Gene22

Vaccine32

Membrane proteins4

Retrovirus2

Antigens2

Hepatitis C vir3

Infection19

Reverse transcriptase1

Attenuated replication-competent1

Molecules5

Homologous2

Genome11

Infections10

Nucleocapsid3

Adenoviruses2

Inhibit3

Genomes2

Genetically2

Herpes simpl2

Bacterial artificial1

Influenza A viruses1

Vectors1

Nucleic acid1

Infectious virus1

Immunofluorescence5

Lipid2

Elicits1

Synthesis3

Assays1

Orthopoxvirus2

Monoclonal1

Cellular proteins3

Assay1

Pathogen1

Particle5

Genetic8

Egress1

Oncolytic viruses2

Intracellular2

Antiviral5

Envelope2

Vaccinia virus6

Receptors4

Latent1

Live attenuated2

Nonstructural protein1

Serotype1

Mutant4

Mutants2

Enzymes1

Induces1

Mammalian2

Titers1

Sequences1

Cells18

Cytoplasm1

Particles1

Hemagglutinin1

Sterile1

Avian2

Single stranded2

Antigen2