Replication of dna viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Most ssDNA viruses contain circular genomes that are replicated via rolling circle replication (RCR). (wikipedia.org)
The Medusavirus is a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus, which belongs to a group of recently discovered eukaryotic viruses with large and complex double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. (eurekalert.org)
The RNA genomes of these viruses are copied via an RNA intermediate, entirely in the cytoplasm of the cell. (virology.ws)
Because their genomes are composed of RNA rather than DNA, these viruses must use their own RNA polymerase to copy their genetic information. (the-scientist.com)
In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)

Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
Genome replication, which takes place largely autonomously in the cytosol of the infected cell, is still not really understood. (biorxiv.org)
Sir,I guess there might be retrotransposon - independent integration in other dsRNA viruses,but after integration we fail to find out the virus RNA genome,as during host genome replication virus RNA genome will be replaced by the DNA from DNA polymerases.Retrotransoson mediated RNA virome integration may not be universal. (virology.ws)
CpGV encodes six genes required for genome replication, which includes DNA polymerase and helicase. (kenyon.edu)

Our main virus model is EBV, a lymphotropic herpes virus that is associated with lymphoid and epithelial cell malignancies including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), immunoblastic lymphoma (IL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD). (ki.se)
Herpes virus deneddylases interrupt the cullin-RING ligase neddylation cycle by inhibiting the binding of CAND1. (ki.se)

Jan. 4, 2023 All of the previously known CRISPR immune systems protect bacteria by deactivating genes from an invading virus. (sciencedaily.com)

Low-resolution structure of vaccinia virus DNA replication machinery. (ibs.fr)
The year 2022 was marked by the mpox outbreak caused by human monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is about 98 % identical to vaccinia virus (VACV) at the sequence level regarding the proteins involved in DNA replication. (biorxiv.org)
Author Summary The 2022 outbreak of mpox is caused by monkeypox virus closely related to the best studied model, vaccinia virus. (biorxiv.org)
Here we present the first structure of the vaccinia virus polymerase holoenzyme E9-A20-D4 at 3.8 Å obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. (biorxiv.org)
The three genes encoding these proteins were inserted individually into vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 genome under the control of an identical promoter. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

This report is the first of a two-part statement from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) that updates the strategy to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a bloodborne and sexually transmitted virus. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its consequences, including cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. (cdc.gov)
In settings in which a high proportion of adults have risks for HBV infection (e.g., sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus testing and treatment facilities, drug-abuse treatment and prevention settings, health-care settings targeting services to IDUs, health-care settings targeting services to MSM, and correctional facilities), ACIP recommends universal hepatitis B vaccination for all unvaccinated adults. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through percutaneous (i.e., puncture through the skin) or mucosal (i.e., direct contact with mucous membranes) exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. (cdc.gov)
Papilloma viruses (HPV), hepatitis B- (HBV) and C-viruses (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma virus (KSHV), human T-cell-leukemia virus (HTLV) may contribute to the pathogenesis of as much as 15-20% of all human cancers. (ki.se)
Patients with HIV infection are at a greater risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, due to the common route of transmission. (medscape.com)
Prior to the initiation of ART, all patients who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using a quantitative assay to determine the level of HBV replication. (medscape.com)
All patients with HBV/HIV coinfection must be assessed for hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunity and vaccinated if negative. (medscape.com)
For instance, the hepatitis C protein NS3/4a, initially thought to be responsible only for processing of the viral polyprotein during replication, is in fact a crucial interferon antagonist ( PNAS , 102:17717-22, 2005). (the-scientist.com)
Hepatitis viruses of man / Arie J. Zuckerman and Colin R. Howard. (who.int)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing plays an important role in detection, classification, and management of HBV disease . (medscape.com)
HA410 trade name] is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with: · compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. (who.int)
evidence of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. (who.int)
HBV) DNA loss with d detection of antibodies against HBeAg) or - until Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion or - until loss of efficacy (see section 4.4). (who.int)
The ADAR1 protein is also thought to inhibit the replication and spread of certain viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C, by modifying their RNA. (medlineplus.gov)

Rep, replication initiation protein. (cdc.gov)
In the Mississippi child, very early initiation of ART suppressed the virus before HIV-specific immunity developed, whereas in the Boston patients the maintenance of ART during their stem cell transplants (given as treatment for cancer) meant that the new immune system that developed from the donated stem cells did not encounter HIV antigens, so no virus-specific immunity was generated. (treatmentactiongroup.org)
A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork which helps in terms of the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. (wn.com)
We demonstrated that DNA synthesis occurs discontinuously only on one arm of replication forks (the arm where the direction of synthesis is opposite to the direction of fork movement) through the repeated initiation, synthesis and joining of Okazaki fragments (transient nascent DNA chains of 40 to 300 nucleotides). (nih.gov)

It is interesting because, unlike most viruses, it contains genes that encode for proteins involved in DNA packaging. (eurekalert.org)
Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)

The Baltimore classification system is used to group viruses together based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis and is often used alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary history. (wikipedia.org)
Protein synthesis in cells infected by Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Ac-NPV): the effect of cytosine arabinoside. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Baculovirus replication: protein synthesis in Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus phosphoproteins and synthesis of intracellular proteins after virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Viral DNA synthesis involves a DNA repair enzyme, the uracil-DNA glycosylase D4 linked to the structural protein A20 forming the processivity factor, which in turn binds to E9 forming the complex required for processive DNA synthesis. (biorxiv.org)
Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands results in replication forks growing bidirectional from the origin. (wn.com)
DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. (wn.com)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common laboratory technique, cyclically applies such artificial synthesis to amplify a specific target DNA fragment from a pool of DNA. (wn.com)
It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active replication, causing bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms. (medscape.com)
The increase in adherence of S. pneumoniae could be inhibited by the DNA synthesis inhibitor cytosine arabinofuranoside, which is known to block the late phase of the adenovirus infection. (lu.se)

When a virus invades an organism, it uses some of the host genes in order to replicate itself. (eurekalert.org)
this could mean that during the coevolution, the virus might have acquired the genes that encode these histones. (eurekalert.org)
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that hypomethylation of IFN-related genes is a common feature of GD/RA/SLE/SSc patients in CD4+ T cells, and the DNA methylation profile of IFN-related genes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of GD, RA, SLE, and SSc. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
In terms of diagnosis, the study carried out by Vincent Prévot's team in Lille shows the interest of analysing DNA segments from which microRNAs are transcribed, as well as the genome segments that encode their binding sites on the target genes. (sciencedaily.com)
Because retrotransposons transpose most efficiently in the thymus and testicles, the recombination events described could lead to transmission of RNA virus genes in the germline. (virology.ws)
Double-stranded RNA, a common intermediate in viral replication, triggers the release of a range of cytokines, primarily interferons, which in turn causes upregulated expression of hundreds of antiviral genes and enhanced antibody production. (the-scientist.com)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)

Based on the crystal structure in this research, we propose that a rotary mechanism drives the transformation to initiate DNA replication," said Eric Enemark, Ph.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Structural Biology. (sciencedaily.com)
Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)

While Baltimore classification is chiefly based on transcription of mRNA, viruses in each Baltimore group also typically share their manner of replication. (wikipedia.org)
First, a transcription preinitiation complex binds to the DNA upstream of the site where transcription begins, allowing for the recruitment of a host RNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
dsDNA viruses can be subdivided between those that replicate in the cell nucleus, and as such are relatively dependent on host cell machinery for transcription and replication, and those that replicate in the cytoplasm, in which case they have evolved or acquired their own means of executing transcription and replication. (wikipedia.org)
ssDNA viruses have the same manner of transcription as dsDNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The new ssDNA may be packaged into virions or replicated by a DNA polymerase to form a double-stranded form for transcription or continuation of the replication cycle. (wikipedia.org)
2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
Non-structural proteins are involved in the transcription and replication of the virus. (medsci.org)
It has been demonstrated that E1 and E2 are involved in viral transcription and replication. (genome.jp)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)

Based on the newly determined structure of the replication machinery, the researchers proposed that the MCM complexes begin to move in different directions, leading to separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands. (sciencedaily.com)
A virus does not have the necessary "machinery" to replicate. (eurekalert.org)
In order to reproduce, a virus must invade a host cell and hijack its DNA-replication machinery. (newscientist.com)

As a post-doctoral fellow with Paul Berg, I developed a subcellular system that allowed simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA to continue replication in vitro. (nih.gov)
Noteworthy, was our demonstration that although termination of DNA replication did not require specific DNA sequences, some DNA sequences did promote pausing of DNA replication forks in vivo (and DNA polymerase in vitro), and some sequences, such as thosewithin the termination region for SV40 DNA replication, did promote formation of catenated intertwines during separation of sibling chromosomes. (nih.gov)

They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. (wikipedia.org)
dsDNA viruses primarily belong to two realms: Duplodnaviria and Varidnaviria, and ssDNA viruses are almost exclusively assigned to the realm Monodnaviria, which also includes some dsDNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
All dsDNA viruses have their mRNA synthesized in a three-step process. (wikipedia.org)
dsDNA viruses make use of several mechanisms to replicate their genome. (wikipedia.org)
Some dsDNA viruses use a strand displacement method whereby one strand is synthesized from a template strand, and a complementary strand is then synthesized from the prior synthesized strand, forming a dsDNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
Lastly, some dsDNA viruses are replicated as part of a process called replicative transposition whereby a viral genome in a host cell's DNA is replicated to another part of a host genome. (wikipedia.org)
dsDNA viruses are also commonly divided between tailed dsDNA viruses, referring to members of the realm Duplodnaviria, usually the tailed bacteriophages of the order Caudovirales, and tailless or non-tailed dsDNA viruses of the realm Varidnaviria. (wikipedia.org)

Viruses in a Baltimore group do not necessarily share genetic relation or morphology. (wikipedia.org)
With the Medusavirus, scientists discovered that DNA replication occurred in the nucleus of the host amoeba and observed evidence of exchange of genetic information between the host and the virus as they coevolved. (eurekalert.org)
Viruses are classified based on their genetic characteristics, that is, by how they generate mRNA to produce proteins and genetic material. (eurekalert.org)
This insight derives from Aristotle, and was confirmed with astonishing accuracy by Watson and Crick's discovery of the genetic code in DNA in the early 1950s. (evolutionnews.org)
This genetic plasticity is key if the virus is to overcome a host immune attack. (the-scientist.com)
As influenza A viruses lack a "proof-reading" mechanism for DNA repair and fail to correct small errors that occur in viral replication, constant genetic mutation is a characteristic feature of all influenza A viruses, including H5N1. (who.int)
In terms of implications for human health, one of the most significant evolutions has been the divergence of viruses into distinct genetic groups, sometimes called clades. (who.int)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

Helper virus-dependent replication-competent AAV (rcAAV), also referred to as "wild-type" or "pseudo-wild-type" AAV, is an AAV capsid particle containing AAV rep and cap flanked by ITR. (nxtbook.com)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Herpesviruses consist of a double-stranded DNA genome contained within a protein shell, termed the capsid, that is surrounded by an unstructured protein layer and a lipid-envelope. (lu.se)

The SV40 T-antigen, the first protein the virus makes inside a host cell, is needed for the very first step of replication of the virus DNA. (cshl.edu)
T-antigen hijacks other proteins from the infected cell to replicate the virus genome. (cshl.edu)
The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 promotes telomere dysfunction via induction of oxidative stress. (ki.se)
an electron-dense core (nucleocapsid): ds circular DNA and polymerase surrounded by the core antigen (HBcAg). (slideserve.com)

They then used polymerase chain reaction to isolate LCMV DNA from the cloned cells, including the cellular sequence flanking the viral genome. (virology.ws)

With helpful illustrations, photos, figures, models that explain viral mechanisms, and easy-to-understand reference tables, Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens will stimulate your thinking on this fascinating area of plant science! (routledge.com)
Researchers have visualized the structure of this complex, dissected its mechanisms in starting DNA replication, and discovered other roles the ORC plays. (cshl.edu)
Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication. (wn.com)
DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms, and it plays an important role in determining gene function ( Hedrich and Tsokos, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prototypical model system to study the general infection mechanisms of herpesviruses. (lu.se)
Viruses are thought to facilitate bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. (lu.se)

The double-stranded form of ssDNA viruses may be produced either directly after entry into a cell or as a consequence of replication of the viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
Although we've taken out most of the viral genome, little bits at the very end which stabilise the DNA and allow it to sit in the cell dormantly for years and years, and years, all that is still there. (thenakedscientists.com)
Viral capsids are protein coats found inside viruses that contain and protect the viral genome. (lu.se)

The RNA genome of retroviruses is converted to a DNA form during viral replication by the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. (virology.ws)

In addition to direct viral sensing, cells have also evolved ways to detect the indirect effects of virus infection, such as nuclear or mitochondrial damage caused by the heavy cellular burden imposed by virus replication. (nature.com)
Plus-strand RNA viruses have evolved numerous ways to limit or block these cellular immune pathways. (nature.com)
The co-evolution of viruses with their hosts has led to the selection of a broad repertoire of viral strategies for manipulation of the cellular environment. (ki.se)
The Autonomous Parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice Localizes to Cellular Sites of DNA Damage Using ATR Signaling. (ebsco.com)
DNA replication is the primary event that regulates cellular and viral proliferation. (nih.gov)
We were among the first to develop and exploit sub-cellular systems that allowed SV40 and polyomavirus to complete DNA replication in vitro. (nih.gov)
They facilitate many cellular functions, from DNA replication to molecular motion, energy production, and even the production of other proteins. (lu.se)

Therefore the contribution of non-retroviral RNA viruses to evolution of the mammalian genome might be greater than previously believed. (virology.ws)
All known mammalian viruses express at least one interferon antagonist. (the-scientist.com)

A number of polypeptides synthesized specifically in Trichoplusia ni multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus ( T. ni MNPV)-infected Spodoptera frugiperda cells are phosphorylated both early and late in infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Though wild-type AAV is unable to replicate autonomously and requires co-infection with helper viruses, such as adenovirus, the expression of AAV rep or cap from rcAAV present in an AAV vector increases the risk of immunotoxicity in vector-transduced tissues. (nxtbook.com)
During virus infection, the specific immune signals produced from infected cells are important for dictating the recruitment and activation of innate or adaptive immune cells that are required to fight virus infection. (nature.com)
For SARS-CoV-2, lung epithelial cells are the primary site of infection and therefore are responsible for initiating immune responses to virus infection. (nature.com)
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can result in immunosuppression, allowing opportunistic pathogens to cause disease. (medscape.com)
patients with chronic HBV infection already receiving ART active against HBV should undergo quantitative HBV DNA testing every 6-12 months. (medscape.com)
HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
The following is also discussed: the basic principles of the development, structure and replication cycle of viruses in relation to infection and immune response. (lu.se)
The virus-infected cells were harvested at various times after infection and analyzed for the ability to bind strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. (lu.se)
The increased attachment may be one mechanism by which viruses precondition the respiratory mucosa for bacterial infection. (lu.se)
HA410 trade name] is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral medicinal products for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in patients weighing 30 kg or more. (who.int)

Eukaryotic ssDNA viruses are replicated in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The Medusavirus has a full set of histones, which are proteins that have evolved to keep the DNA folded inside the nucleus and regulate gene expression. (eurekalert.org)
We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
3. Completion of ds DNA by DNA polymerase and entering the nucleus. (slideserve.com)

Bidirectional replication, in which two replication forks are established at a replication origin site and move in opposite directions of each other, is widely used. (wikipedia.org)
the region where replication forks terminate directs the mode of separation for the two sibling molecules. (nih.gov)
Of particular importance were our studies on DNA replication forks. (nih.gov)

Life depends on double-stranded DNA unwinding and separating into single strands that can be copied for cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
The process may also help to solve what the study's senior researcher called one of the greatest mysteries of biology: How double-stranded DNA separates into single strands to start the replication process. (sciencedaily.com)
During DNA replication, the MCM complex is positioned at the fork where double-stranded DNA separates into single strands. (sciencedaily.com)
Those strands are copied to produce a new DNA molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
DNA is made up of two strands and each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the production of the complementary strand, a process referred to as semiconservative replication . (wn.com)
Tiny machines made from strands of DNA can build copies of themselves, leading to exponential replication. (wn.com)
Biogenesis, the development of entire organisms from strands of DNA containing the "plans" for all possible protein molecules needed to create and to continuously sustain the life of a given species, is a dramatic case of emergence. (evolutionnews.org)

Only, rather than carrying the viral gene, the virus contains the choroideremia gene which we've artificially put into it. (thenakedscientists.com)
Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene function without alterations in DNA sequence ( Bird, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
In addition, it is possible that RNA virus vectors used for gene therapy could integrate into the human genome via the mechanism described in this study. (virology.ws)

How could a DNA copy of this virus be produced and be inserted into the host genome? (virology.ws)
This hybrid DNA - retrotransposon linked to LCVM sequences - then integrated into the host genome. (virology.ws)

Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens is the only book to bring you all of this information--22 chapters--in a single volume, compiled by specialists around the globe! (routledge.com)
Molecular (real-time PCR) and serologic (IgM) evidence indicated orthopoxvirus infections, but presence of mon- keypox virus was not confirmed. (researchgate.net)
Using a little molecular chicanery, they believe they can lure viruses into decoy "restaurants" and entrap them for good. (newscientist.com)
Viruses infecting many organisms will be covered in the context of their global impact on disease and history, beneficial uses of viruses, and their role in advances of molecular theory. (uoguelph.ca)
Life cannot be reduced to the molecular properties of DNA alone. (evolutionnews.org)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
The majority of the molecular typing studies that have been reported involve adaptation of viruses in clinical samples to cell culture prior to typing. (cdc.gov)

In 2016, 2018, and 2020, we organized international virology conferences, held in Basel, Switzerland (2016) and Barcelona, Spain (2018 and 2020), and we are currently planning the Viruses 2022 conference, to be held virtually. (mdpi.com)
A fundamental virology background will be achieved by understanding the diversity of viruses, their replication strategies and their interactions with the host in disease. (uoguelph.ca)
Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Jason Rodriguez On episode #50 of the podcast "This Week in Virology", Vincent and Jason review influenza 2009 H1N1 vaccine trials and protection against the virus conferred by the 1976 swine flu vaccine, then move on to a virus called XMRV and its possible role in prostate cancer. (virology.ws)
On episode #28 of the podcast "This Week in Virology", Vincent, Dick, Alan, and Eric F. Donaldson discuss a new test for influenza H5N1, poliovirus in Minnesota, Koala retrovirus, batteries made from viruses, and SARS. (virology.ws)
Understanding what happens at the host-pathogen interface and why certain viruses are capable of jumping to new species is a top research question in virology. (the-scientist.com)
The nucleocapsid of the virus contains a double-stranded circular-shaped strand of DNA (Fields Virology, 2013). (kenyon.edu)
Occlusion bodies (Occluded virus, or OV) of granuloviruses contain one or two virions that are wrapped in a protein called granulin (a protein that distinguishes granuloviruses from nuclear polyhedrosis viruses) (Fields Virology, 2013). (kenyon.edu)

Before cells divide, their DNA must be precisely copied in a process called replication. (sciencedaily.com)
4-6 days later, a primary viremia spreads the virus to reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen, liver, and elsewhere. (medscape.com)
Please note the cell in the center, where two sets of identical DNA are being pulled apart, preparing to divide into two resulting "daughter" cells. (cshl.edu)
However, the probability was not zero, and it is thought that eventually one or more of the latently infected CD4+ T cells became activated, allowing it to generate new viruses that went on to infect new cells and cause the viral load to rebound. (treatmentactiongroup.org)
Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)
The type I/III IFN pathways are directly involved in protecting neighboring cells from virus spread and are vital for the immediate cell-intrinsic antiviral response. (nature.com)
Progression to malignancy is associated with the expression of viral proteins whose primary function is to drive virus replication by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and the recognition of infected cells by the immune system. (ki.se)
Parvoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that utilize host proteins to vigorously replicate in the nuclei of host cells, leading to cell cycle arrest. (ebsco.com)
This unusual story began in 1979 with the report that DNA complementary to the RNA genome of LCMV can be detected in about 1 in 10 3 to 10 4 infected cells. (virology.ws)
Eighteen years later, the authors subcloned these cells to produce cell lines containing LCMV DNA. (virology.ws)
The three resulting recombinant viruses were used to infect tumor cells in cultures and human tumor xenografts in nude mice. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
A carrier state of mumps virus in human conjunctiva cells. (wikidata.org)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)
Torque teno virus (TTV), a novel DNA virus resides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and replicates when these cells get activated. (bvsalud.org)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
Adherence was not affected by pretreatment of the cells with virus particles or viral proteins. (lu.se)

Two tissue culture media for production of lepidopteran cell lines and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Granuloviruses are well known for their unique ability to completely liquify their hosts in order to spread to more hosts, a trait they share with the closely related nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. (kenyon.edu)

Prominent disease-causing DNA viruses include herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, and poxviruses. (wikipedia.org)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza, caused by the H5N1 virus, remains primarily a disease of domestic birds. (who.int)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)
Mylan Laboratories Ltd.), HA410 · compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, persistently elevated serum ALT levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. (who.int)

DNA viruses are ubiquitous worldwide, especially in marine environments where they form an important part of marine ecosystems, and infect both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
In all such instances, the virus had multiple opportunities to spread into the general community or to infect unprotected health-care workers, but did not do so. (who.int)

Enemark and his colleagues have produced the first atomic resolution image of the MCM complex bound to single-strand DNA and the molecules that fuel replication. (sciencedaily.com)
CDC6 then binds to ORC1, bringing the other molecules along, allowing replication to begin. (cshl.edu)
Tightly-controlled feedback loops between ORC1, CDC6, and a number of other molecules regulate the timing of replication. (cshl.edu)

Figure 2''': Images of ''Granulosis'' virus (Sciocco-Cap, 2001)]] ==Genome Structure== CpGV is a double stranded DNA virus with a circular genome. (kenyon.edu)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. (genome.jp)

They appear to have multiple origins, as viruses in Monodnaviria appear to have emerged from archaeal and bacterial plasmids on multiple occasions, though the origins of Duplodnaviria and Varidnaviria are less clear. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding the presence of these proteins in the virus' genome may help scientists tackle some of the hardest questions about our origins. (eurekalert.org)
In a cell , DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication , in the genome . (wn.com)

Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)

Using biolayer interferometry we showed that indeed, the E9-D4 interaction is weak and transient although very important as it has not been possible to obtain viable viruses carrying mutations of key residues in the E9-D4 interface. (biorxiv.org)
These mutations abolish drug functions against HIV DNA production and virus replication. (stratech.co.uk)

Our research focuses on human tumor viruses. (ki.se)

Replication progresses in a loop around the genome by means of extending the 3'-end of the positive strand, displacing the prior positive strand, and the endonuclease cleaves the positive strand again to create a standalone genome that is ligated into a circular loop. (wikipedia.org)
Genomic features of gemycircularviruses HV-GcV1 and HV-GcV2 and of a novel circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus, HV-CV1, including hairpin structure and predicted open reading frames. (cdc.gov)
July 31, 2019 A new study examines the evolutionary dynamics of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses. (sciencedaily.com)
[ 5 ] yet they cannot clear the replication template of HBV ie covalently closed circular DNA. (medscape.com)

At CSHL, Stillman worked with a simian tumor virus-SV40-that could cause tumors when introduced into rodents. (cshl.edu)

These polymerases have no proofreading activity and are highly error-prone, leading to as many as one mutation every thousand nucleotides in each round of viral replication. (the-scientist.com)

rcAAV DNA sequence titer is calculated by direct comparison to the fluorescent signal generated from known plasmid dilution bearing the same DNA sequence. (nxtbook.com)

This type of AAV (rcAAV) is able to replicate in the presence of a helper virus. (nxtbook.com)
It does not indicate whether the DNA sequence is infectious or capable of helper-virus assisted replication. (nxtbook.com)

This course will introduce students to the diversity of microorganisms, including, bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and the impact of microbes on everyday life. (uoguelph.ca)
When electron microscopy was used, there was no evidence that virus particles bound directly to bacteria. (lu.se)

A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
It is in the form written in the DNA, rather than in the deoxyribonucleic acids themselves, that the plan for life is encoded and transmitted. (evolutionnews.org)

ssDNA RCR is initiated by an endonuclease that bonds to and cleaves the positive strand, allowing a DNA polymerase to use the negative strand as a template for replication. (wikipedia.org)

Finally, 16 compounds targeting our identified host factors suppress IAV replication, with two targeting CDK2 and FLT3 showing pan-antiviral activity across influenza and coronavirus families. (cdc.gov)

Fecal parvoviruses and the RA1 virus have been reported but not confirmed to be human pathogens (16,17). (cdc.gov)

Stretching out the DNA in all 46 chromosomes packed into one human cell would make a string of DNA two meters long. (cshl.edu)
Tens of thousands of ORCs assemble simultaneously along the chromosomes and after assembly, they are sequentially employed to start replication. (cshl.edu)
In 1973, I continued these studies on the replication and structure of SV40 chromosomes at Harvard Medical School where they culminated in promotion to Full Professor with tenure in 1985. (nih.gov)

When the ORC1 protein binds to DNA, it recruits CDC6, a protein that regulates and recruits other proteins, to a liquid phase and completes the ORC ring. (cshl.edu)

Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)

dual-labeled hybridizable probe for detection and quantification of amplified DNA junction sequence. (nxtbook.com)
The mechanism elucidated by this team might therefore explain the absence of puberty and the occurrence of infertility in some patients for whom no mutation or polymorphism (variation in DNA sequence) has been identified in the coding genome. (sciencedaily.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)

The image captured key structural details, including the orientation of both the MCM complex and single-strand DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
The elements illustrated how the process works like a pulley system to "pull" a single strand of DNA through the MCM complex and unwind the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
Single-strand RNA viruses are further divided into those with (+) sense and (-) sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

Three Epstein-Barr virus latency proteins independently promote genomic instability by inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA repair and inactivating cell cycle checkpoints. (ki.se)
Epstein-Barr virus promotes genomic instability in Burkitt's lymphoma. (ki.se)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

Moreover, several association-incompetent mutants failed to complement the replication of a pol null mutant in a transient transfection assay, confirming that the Pol-UL42 interaction is necessary for virus replication in vivo and therefore a valid target for directed drug design. (ed.ac.uk)

Serological relationships of an iridescent virus (type 25) recently isolated from Tipula sp. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A common feature of these oncogenic viruses is their capacity to establish persistent infections that are either asymptomatic or are accompanied by benign cell proliferations. (ki.se)

Anatomy13

Organisms101

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Genomes5

Genome replication5

Herpes Virus2

20231

Vaccinia virus5

Hepatitis16

Initiation4

Proteins involved2

Synthesis10

Genes8

Initiate DNA replication2

Transcription11

Replicate in the cytoplasm1

Machinery3

SV40 DNA2

DsDNA viruses7

Genetic9

Capsid3

Antigen4

Polymerase chain re1

Mechanisms6

Viral genome3

Enzyme reverse transcriptase1

Cellular7

Mammalian2

Infection14

Nucleus4

Forks3

Strands7

Gene3

Host genome2

Molecular7

Virology7

Cells18

Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses2

Disease4

Infect2

Molecules3

Double stranded DNA virus2

Origins3

Classification1

Mutations2

Tumor viruses1

Circular4

Simian1

Polymerases1

Plasmid1

Helper-virus2

Bacteria2

Deoxyribonucleic2

SsDNA1

Suppress1

Pathogens1

Chromosomes3

Binds1

Retroviruses3

Sequence3

Single strand3

Genomic3

Vivo1

Iridescent Virus1

Oncogenic1