Replication found cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition, origin activity can be regulated from sequences such as "locus control regions" that are many kilobases distal to the OBR but affect the accessibility of initiation sites to replication proteins. (nih.gov)
The structural and functional characteristics of different types of cells are determined by the nature of the proteins present. (cancer.gov)
Evaluation of the sensitivity scores for the proteome shifts observed and principal component analysis of the hypoxia-responsive proteins indicated that both cell types acquire a proteome that supports a Warburg phenotype with enhanced cell migration and proliferation characteristics. (nature.com)
Cell migration and glucose uptake assays combined with protein function inhibitor studies provided further support that hypoxia-driven adaption of pathways associated with glycolytic metabolism, collagen biosynthesis and remodeling, redox regulation and immunomodulatory proteins typify a proteotype associated with an aggressive cancer cell phenotype. (nature.com)
Since new DNA must be packaged into nucleosomes to function properly, synthesis of canonical (non-variant) histone proteins occurs alongside DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
The movie to the right is an optical section through live fission yeast cells that are expressing three fluorescent proteins: one to label the membranes ( blue), one to label the spindle (red) and one to label the centromeres (green). (usc.edu)
By building on previous research, Biffi was able to generate antibody proteins that detect and bind to areas in a human genome rich in quadruplex-structured DNA, proving their existence in living human cells. (cam.ac.uk)
Professor Kristian Helin's team studies the role of chromatin-associated proteins (epigenetics) in the regulation of transcription, cell fate decisions and in cancer. (icr.ac.uk)
The product of this gene undergoes proteolytic processing, which is found to yield two functional proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)
Nathans continued to elucidate the structure and functions of SV40 during the early 1980s, and became particularly interested in the effect of proteins such as large T-antigen on the sequence of DNA replication and gene expression in the virus. (nih.gov)
In this thesis we found that mammalian small heat shock proteins are targeted to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. (uantwerpen.be)
The nucleotide sequences of DNA guide the synthesis of cellular RNAs and proteins, making DNA a marvelous control device necessary to maintain a number of vital functions of living cells. (techscience.com)
Found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. (embl.de)
The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain [ ( PUBMED:7482699 ) ] is a phosphopeptide recognition domain found in many regulatory proteins. (embl.de)
FHA domains are conserved sequences of 65-100 amino acid residues found principally within eukaryotic nuclear proteins, but which also exist in certain prokaryotes. (embl.de)
Significant changes were also observed in cell cycle p21 and DNA replication minichromosome maintenance 2 proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
Genetic alterations to cellular genes may be inherited or arise spontaneously because of DNA damage from an environmental carcinogen or mutation from replication errors.1 Many common genetic lesions in cancer involve signaling proteins. (technologynetworks.com)
Or to transport spike proteins into a cell host? (abovetopsecret.com)
Recent studies show that eIF3s, classic scaffold proteins during the translation initiation process, can directly promote or inhibit the translation of mRNA, therefore participating in the regulation of cell function. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to the classic role as scaffold proteins during the translation initiation process, recent studies show that some eIF3 subunits directly promote or inhibit the translation of mRNA by binding to the 5′-end stem-loop structure of certain mRNAs during transcription, therefore participating in the regulation of cell functions such as proliferation and apoptosis [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

[ 41 ] Suppression of acid exposure induces increased cell differentiation and decreased cell proliferation in vivo . (medscape.com)
TPX2-p53-GLIPR1 regulatory circuitry in cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth of bladder cancer. (cancerindex.org)
This study aims to explore the interplay between TPX2, p53, and GLIPR1 and its correlation with cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth in bladder cancer. (cancerindex.org)
This study identified a novel TPX2-p53-GLIPR1 regulatory circuitry which modulated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer. (cancerindex.org)
By targeting quadruplexes with synthetic molecules that trap and contain these DNA structures - preventing cells from replicating their DNA and consequently blocking cell division - scientists believe it may be possible to halt the runaway cell proliferation at the root of cancer. (cam.ac.uk)
Cancers are usually driven by genes called oncogenes that have mutated to increase DNA replication - causing cell proliferation to spiral out of control, and leading to tumour growth. (cam.ac.uk)
The quadruple helix DNA structure may well be the key to new ways of selectively inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells," he concluded. (scienceagogo.com)
The E2F1:DP complex appears to mediate both cell proliferation and apoptosis. (creativebiomart.net)
T cells, MDSCs, and macrophages in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry, and the proliferation and immune cell infiltration of lung metastases were observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. (bvsalud.org)
Circ_0119872 knockdown suppressed the cell proliferation and metastasis In addition, miR-582-3p was identified as a downstream target of circ_0119872. (bvsalud.org)
Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression of miR144-3p in bladder cancer tissues and cells and its effect on the proliferation and invasion of T24 cells. (bvsalud.org)
The proliferation, cell cycle distribution and invasion abilities were detected by MTT, Flow cytometry and Transwell chamber methods, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
upregulation of E2F3 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-144-3p overexpression on proliferation and invasion of T24 cells. (bvsalud.org)
It inhibits proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells by downregulating E2F3. (bvsalud.org)
Studies reported that the interaction between signalling pathways can promote drug resistance through the induction of proliferation, cell cycle progression and prevention of apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
We therefore compared the expression levels of markers involved in cell death and survival signalling pathways, by means of western blotting and fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry.ResultsDoxorubicin failed to induce cell death, by means of apoptosis or autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, indicating the occurrence of drug resistance and uncontrolled proliferation. (ox.ac.uk)
Tumor microenvironment (TME) Oncology research solutions TABLE OF CONTENTS Molecular drivers of cancer pathogenesis Cancer progression is associated with the interplay between tumor cells and the surrounding environment, which requires signal transduction pathways to relay messages throughout the cell.1,2 Cell signaling pathways regulate everything from cell growth to proliferation to survival. (technologynetworks.com)
Many of the genes commonly mutated encode Purpose and scope INTRODUCTION components or targets of the PI3K/AKT and Ras/ERK pathways, causing dysregulation of cellular signaling.1 This dysregulation drives cancer progression by influencing the behavior of tumor cells through cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, metabolism, polarity, angiogenesis, and the tumor microenvironment. (technologynetworks.com)
CD8+ T cell proliferation, IFN-r secretion and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on in vitro analyses, reduced eIF3d expression led to decreased proliferation and IFN-γ secretion and increased apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. (biomedcentral.com)

As a group leader in Copenhagen and in Italy, his lab focused on understanding the role of the E2F transcription factors in cell cycle control, DNA replication and apoptosis. (icr.ac.uk)
We previously found that TBK1, a kinase that is normally involved in immune cell signaling, prevents apoptosis in cancer cells driven by oncogenic KRAS. (dana-farber.org)

In previous research, he and his collaborators found that E. coli (bacteria) and budding yeast (eukaryote) use the same cellular mechanisms to ensure uniform cell sizes within a population. (scitechdaily.com)
They found that like bacteria and budding yeast, H. salinarum controls its size by adding a constant volume between two events in the cell cycle. (scitechdaily.com)

The knowledge of certain genes and the networks and pathways by which they promote progression to malignancy provides basic information to assess the risk for the development of EA from BE, or to find new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. (medscape.com)
Moreover, Fft3 also precludes nucleosome turnover at several euchromatic loci to prevent R-loop formation, ensuring proper replication progression. (nih.gov)
The encoded protein binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase2 or -cyclin-dependent kinase4 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1. (nih.gov)
Regulation of DNA-replication origins during cell-cycle progression. (bioseek.eu)
We study the effects of a DNA-damaging agent, methyl methane sulphonate (MMS), and of mutations in checkpoint genes such as rad53 on the activity of origins, measured by two-dimensional gel analysis, and on cell-cycle progression, measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. (bioseek.eu)
We find that when MMS slows down S-phase progression it also selectively blocks initiation from late origins. (bioseek.eu)
H4K20me2 is enriched at replication origins, and abrogating ORC1 recognition of H4K20me2 in cells impairs ORC1 occupancy at replication origins, ORC chromatin loading and cell-cycle progression. (cornell.edu)
Unregulated cell cycle progression may have lethal consequences and therefore bacteria have various mechanisms in place for the precise spatiotemporal control of cell cycle events. (symbnet.eu)

The protein has proapoptotic activities in prostate and bladder cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
The generalized cell functions include movement of substances across the cell membrane , cell division to make new cells, and protein synthesis . (cancer.gov)
Decreased expression of six RNA species was seen at various time points in all cell strains analyzed: plasminogen activator ( PLAT ), centromere protein F ( CPF ), replication factor C ( RFC3 ), thymidylate synthetase ( TYMS ), a putative mitotic checkpoint kinase ( BUB1 ), and a gene of unknown function (GenBank accession no. (nih.gov)
Other projects are looking at highlighting the different protein interactions that occur in yeast cells to identify potential targets for new drugs. (yourgenome.org)
To link metastatic propensity to a hypoxia-induced proteotype, we compared the protein profiles of two isogenic canine OS cell lines, POS (low metastatic) and HMPOS (highly metastatic), under normoxia and hypoxia. (nature.com)
[4] Stable association encourages MCM helicase to unwind a small stretch of parental DNA into two strands of ssDNA, which in turn recruits replication protein A ( RPA ), an ssDNA binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
In Egypt, the incidence matous cases before and after a nutritional of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) was rehabilitation programme, and to correlate found to be 16.5% [3]. (who.int)
The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a chemoattractant, a modulator of T cell activation, and an inhibitor of HIV replication. (antikoerper-online.de)
The T-antigen protein is one of the first synthesized after the virus infects a cell. (nih.gov)
Growth in mammalian cells is regulated by a variety of protein growth factors, which trigger a series of biochemical events inside the cell, leading to the sequential expression of specific genes. (nih.gov)
The expression of this gene is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53, through which this protein mediates the p53-dependent cell cycle G1 phase arrest in response to a variety of stress stimuli. (nih.gov)
This protein can interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a DNA polymerase accessory factor, and plays a regulatory role in S phase DNA replication and DNA damage repair. (nih.gov)
Purified recombinant protein of mouse full-length transcription factor Dp 1 (Tfdp1), with C-terminal MYC/DDK tag, expressed in HEK293T cells. (creativebiomart.net)
We found that the expression level of Ki-67 protein in lung metastatic tumor tissues of mice treated with JFK was significantly reduced, while the infiltration level of CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells was significantly increased. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we show that the two highly divergent FHA domains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad53p, a protein kinase involved in cell cycle checkpoint control, possess phosphopeptide-binding specificity. (embl.de)
The Rad53 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for checkpoints that prevent cell division in cells with damaged or incompletely replicated DNA. (embl.de)
The FHA domain: a putative nuclear signalling domain found in protein kinases and transcription factors. (embl.de)
Mitochondrial pathway stimulation - Flavonoids found in honey have been found effective in activating the mitochondrial pathway, which then leads to a release of cancer killing agents like the protein cytochrome C. (themindunleashed.com)

The cell nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's genome. (wikipedia.org)
[1] Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. (wikipedia.org)
Throughout M phase and G1 phase, cells assemble inactive pre-replication complexes (pre-RC) on replication origins distributed throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
This part of our website tells you about the biology of fission yeast, why we study it, and some aspects of fission yeast biology that we find particular interesting (largely involving cell cycle control, DNA replication and genome integrity questions). (usc.edu)
In the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome, where it is passed on to subsequent generations. (turningtooneanother.net)
Using fluorescence to mark the antibodies, the researchers could then identify 'hot spots' for the occurrence of four-stranded DNA - both where in the genome and, critically, at what stage of cell division. (cam.ac.uk)
While quadruplex DNA is found fairly consistently throughout the genome of human cells and their division cycles, a marked increase was shown when the fluorescent staining grew more intense during the 's-phase' - the point in a cell cycle where DNA replicates before the cell divides. (cam.ac.uk)
The cytochrome superfamily consists of nearly 60 members in humans (Human Genome Project 2013), which may be expressed differently in individual cells when challenged by xenobiotics, leading to cellular heterogeneity that remains concealed in a bulk analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Normal cells have multiple mechanisms to recognize and repair DNA damage before mutations arise (5) , serving to maintain the integrity of the genome. (aacrjournals.org)
This has led to the hypothesis proposed by Loeb (6) that cancer cells exhibit a mutator phenotype and that the loss of genome stability function(s) early during tumor development could produce an increase in mutation rate in the affected cells. (aacrjournals.org)

GSEA analysis found that patients in the high-risk group were associated with the activation of doxorubicin resistance, NF-κB, cell cycle, and DNA replication pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Accordingly, entry into S-phase is controlled by molecular pathways that facilitate a rapid, unidirectional shift in cell state. (wikipedia.org)
Others have found that inhibition of the NF-kB and STAT pathways, in which TBK1 is involved, also results in impaired tumor growth in KRAS-driven mouse lung cancer. (dana-farber.org)
Dysregulated DNA repair pathways support growth advantages to tumor cells. (techscience.com)
Activation of the MAPK/ extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway contributed to the resistance observed in treated mice, while no significant changes were found with the PI3K/Akt pathway and other MAPK pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, downstream nuclear targets of signaling pathways like the transcription factors Myc and NF-κB, chromatin remodelers, and cell cycle effectors are also commonly altered. (technologynetworks.com)

The genes within these chromosomes are structured in such a way to promote cell function. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Further clustering identified three genes with increased expression after treatment in all four cell strains. (nih.gov)
In fact, it has been found that many of the genes that work to regulate cell division in yeast, have equivalents that control cell division in higher organisms, including humans. (yourgenome.org)
This has demonstrated that many human diseases result from the disruption of very basic cellular processes, such as DNA repair, cell division, the control of gene expression and the interaction between genes and the environment. (yourgenome.org)
Thousands of drugs can be tested on yeast cells containing the functional equivalent of mutated human genes to see if the drugs can restore normal function. (yourgenome.org)
Many of the mutations found so far are in genes involved, in some way, with cell division and DNA replication. (yourgenome.org)
In 2001, Leland Hartwell, Paul Nurse and Tim Hunt shared the Nobel Prize for establishing the role of different genes in controlling cell division. (yourgenome.org)
[3] Since upregulation of S-phase genes drive further suppression of Whi5 , this pathway creates a positive feedback loop that fully commits cells to S-phase gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
[3] Several E2F target genes promote further release of E2F, creating a positive feedback loop similar to the one found in yeast. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, the human versions of a number of yeast cell cycle and DNA repair genes have been found to be directly involved in human cell division. (usc.edu)
The normal activity of these genes is most easily studied in the yeast cells, which are readily manipulated in the laboratory. (usc.edu)
The research indicates that quadruplexes are more likely to occur in genes of cells that are rapidly dividing, such as cancer cells. (cam.ac.uk)
With two synchronization methods to evaluate true cell-cycle control, 88% of predicted genes were expressed at some stage, and all but 885 were expressed at the blood stage. (the-scientist.com)
Nathans' studies found that some of the genes activated early in this process regulate the expression of other genes needed to initiate DNA replication, and he went on to isolate and characterize many of these 'immediate- early' genes. (nih.gov)
Previously described virulence-related genes in P. salmonis plasmids were identified by proteomic assays during infection in SHK-1 cells, accompanied by an increase of mobile-related elements. (preprints.org)
The possibility that particular cancer cells harboring genes with these motifs can now be targeted, and appear to be more vulnerable to interference than normal cells, is a thrilling prospect. (scienceagogo.com)
Binds DNA cooperatively with E2F family members through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3', found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. (creativebiomart.net)

[4] During S-phase, the cell converts pre-RCs into active replication forks to initiate DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
FancD2 localize to sites of DNA damage and stalled replication forks, believed to play important role in ICL repair. (nih.gov)
By trapping PARP on DNA, PARP inhibition by PARPi leads to the collision of unrepaired single-stranded breaks within the replication forks, thereby generating one-ended double-highly cytotoxic strand breaks (DSBs), which can be corrected by the HR machinery. (techscience.com)

During the bacterial cell cycle, chromosome replication and cell division must be coordinated with overall cell growth in order to maintain the correct ploidy and cell size. (nature.com)
Here we use microfluidics and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to measure the dynamics of cell growth, division and chromosome replication in single cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis . (nature.com)
Individual cells are restricted to one round of chromosome replication per cell division cycle, although replication usually initiates in the mother cell before cytokinesis and terminates in the daughter cells after cytokinesis. (nature.com)
The bacterial cell cycle comprises interlocking cycles of chromosome replication and segregation as well as cell division and separation. (nature.com)
The mechanisms that link the chromosome replication cycle to the cell division cycle have been the subject of intensive investigation for many years. (nature.com)
For example, E. coli and B. subtilis exhibit multifork chromosome replication during rapid growth under nutrient-rich conditions, whereas C. crescentus does not reinitiate chromosome replication until the previous round of replication as well as cell division have been completed 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
It is not known how events of the chromosome replication and cell division cycles are coordinated in the distantly related and more slowly growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium . (nature.com)
In exponentially growing cell populations, the discontinuous processes of chromosome replication/segregation and cell division/separation must also be coordinated with the continuous increase in cell biomass in order to maintain a constant cell-size distribution. (nature.com)
Characterisation of a human homologue of a yeast cell division cycle gene, MCM6, located adjacent to the 5' end of the lactase gene on chromosome 2q21. (medlineplus.gov)
The MCM6 gene is found on chromosome 2 . (medlineplus.gov)
We have shown previously that chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains nine origins of DNA replication that differ in initiation frequency and replicate sequentially during the S phase of the cell cycle. (bioseek.eu)
We have uncovered a new link between chromosome replication/segregation and splitting of the division septum. (symbnet.eu)
The BFB cycle is initiated when a chromosome loses a telomere. (antiviralbiologic.com)
The segregation of each centromere into daughter cells leads to chromosome breakage and uneven distribution of genetic material. (antiviralbiologic.com)
Specifically, one daughter cell gets a chromosome with inverted repetitive DNA sequences on its terminal, while the other gets a chromosome with a terminal deletion. (antiviralbiologic.com)

A remarkably similar regulatory scheme exists in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
There is about 5 times more Ku than DNA-PK in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
Suspecting that analogous processes occurred in mammalian cells, he began to investigate the operation of cultured mouse cells as they entered the growth cycle. (nih.gov)
Mammalian cells contain 15 different DNA polymerases. (techscience.com)

Comparisons between these organisms make it clear that cell cycle regulation differs between them in some fundamental aspects. (nature.com)
AURKA is a putative low-penetrance tumor susceptibility gene due to its prominent role in cell cycle regulation and centrosomal function. (nih.gov)
To investigate the potential mechanisms of eIF3d in the regulation of CD8+ T cell function, complete transcriptomes of eIF3d-inhibited Jurkat T cells were sequenced by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). (biomedcentral.com)

In eukaryotes the nucleus in many cells typically occupies 10% of the cell volume. (wikipedia.org)
Site-specific DNA replication origins exist in all prokaryotes, their plasmids and their phage, as well as in animal and plant viruses, and all single cell eukaryotes studied to date. (nih.gov)
Viral origins contain a specific core DNA sequence that is required for initiation to proceed efficiently, whereas the requirement for specific DNA sequences is greatly diminished in single cell eukaryotes and virtually absent in multicellular eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
All eukaryotes possess many more replication origins than strictly needed during one cycle of DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)

[4] Loading of these factors completes the active replication fork and initiates synthesis of new DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Nathans' work helped establish that T-antigen then initiates the replication of the SV40 DNA by binding to the replication start point on the DNA. (nih.gov)

A class of cysteine proteases which play an essential role in VIRUS REPLICATION. (nih.gov)
Finally, when eIF3d was inhibited in Jurkat cells, PBMCs and CD4+ T cells, pNL4-3-VSV-G virus replication was enhanced. (biomedcentral.com)

The first phase of the cell cycle, called G1, is normally tightly controlled to ensure replication occurs safely. (sciencedaily.com)
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that occurs in the production of the gametes, or eggs and sperm. (cancer.gov)
The replication cycle of HIV occurs exclusively within infected cells, although HIV may also be found extracellularly when new progeny viruses are released from the cell by budding. (cdc.gov)
Complete replication fork assembly and activation only occurs on a small subset of replication origins. (wikipedia.org)
The difference between lysogenic and lytic cycles is that, in lysogenic cycles, the spread of the viral DNA occurs through the usual prokaryotic reproduction, whereas a lytic cycle is more immediate in that it results in many copies of the virus being created very quickly and the cell is destroyed. (turningtooneanother.net)
At the molecular level, in fact, a gradual weakening of the cellular processes regulating cardiovascular homeostasis occurs in aging cells. (hindawi.com)

Upon DNA damage or impaired DNA replication/segregation, Sle1 levels are reduced, halting premature septum splitting and avoiding exposure of an immature cell surface. (symbnet.eu)

PL: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. (wikipedia.org)
Most, if not all, eukaryotic origins initiate replication in both directions, resulting in a transition from discontinuous to continuous DNA synthesis on each template strand "origin of bi-directional replication" (OBR), Fig. 2B. (nih.gov)
SEAS researchers have found that these pink-hued archaea - called Halobacterium salinarum - use the same mechanisms to maintain size as bacteria and eukaryotic life, indicating that cellular division strategy may be shared across all domains of life. (scitechdaily.com)

Early embryos undergoing rapid cell cleavage (e.g. frogs, flies, sea urchin, and fish) initiate DNA replication with no obvious requirement for any specific DNA sequences, and Drosophila ORC or human ORC can replace Xenopus ORC in frog egg extracts with the same result. (nih.gov)

A novel cell-cycle-regulated interaction of the Bloom syndrome helicase BLM with Mcm6 controls replication-linked processes. (medlineplus.gov)
An important feature of these yeasts that makes them such useful organisms for studying biological processes in humans, is that their cells, like ours, have a nucleus containing DNA packaged into chromosomes. (yourgenome.org)
Cell growth and replication are complicated processes that can easily be challenged by toxins, infections, and nutrient deficiencies. (fibrofix.com)
The unique compounds found in Brussels sprouts are adept at supporting the growth and replication processes and, therefore, promoting good health at a foundational level. (fibrofix.com)
Free radicals a.k.a reactivate oxygen species (ROS) are waste chemical substances produced by cells as the body processes food and reacts to the environment . (mezony.com)

Mechanisms of movement across the cell membrane include simple diffusion , osmosis , filtration, active transport , endocytosis , and exocytosis . (cancer.gov)
This provides important insights into their mechanisms in humans, which helps direct experiments in more complicated cell types. (usc.edu)
Our results will serve as a useful foundation for, ultimately, understanding the molecular mechanisms and evolution of cell cycle control. (scitechdaily.com)
This allows us to quantitatively explore how these mechanisms work, and build a model that explains the variability within the data and the correlations between key properties of the cell cycle. (scitechdaily.com)
Cells do have mechanisms to counteract many of the harmful effects of ROS. (reasons.org)
In addition to providing novel insights into mechanisms regulating transcription, stem cell identity and differentiation, the work in Professor Helin's lab has led to the establishment of biotech company EpiTherapeutics , which in 2015 was sold to Gilead Inc. (icr.ac.uk)
We highlight various cancer-promoting mechanisms exerted by cells with centrosome abnormalities and how these cells possessing oncogenic potential can be monitored. (bmbreports.org)
In healthy cells, robust and diverse DNA repair mechanisms faithfully protect from DNA damages to maintain overall survival. (techscience.com)
The availability of diverse DNA repair systems reflects the complex nature of DNA repair mechanisms in healthy cells. (techscience.com)
To investigate possible mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment might contribute to genetic instability, we asked whether the conditions found in solid tumors could influence cellular repair of DNA damage. (aacrjournals.org)

We and others have mapped replication origins to specific genomic loci in differentiated cells of flies, frogs and mammals (1,2) , but the nature of these loci, however, remains elusive. (nih.gov)
They are potent blocks to replication and transcription, contributes to genomic instability and aging. (nih.gov)

Expression of the c-myc gene, which produces an oncogenic transcription factor, is tightly regulated in normal cells but is frequently deregulated in human cancers. (novusbio.com)
Accurate mathematical models of how cancer cells replicate help us predict how cancers respond to chemotherapy treatment, and how they evolve to become drug resistant. (sciencedaily.com)
Cancers have often lost the safety checks that prevent replication in the presence of errors such as DNA damage. (sciencedaily.com)
Head and neck cancer most commonly is of the squamous cell carcinoma type (HNSCC) and includes cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, sinonasal tract, and nasopharynx. (cdc.gov)
100 HPV types, some found in skin warts and others in mucous tissues, and the association of different HPV types with cervical, some anogenital, and head and neck cancers is well established ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

Researchers have uncovered new insights into how the normal controls on cell growth are lost in cancer cells, leading to rapid tumor expansion. (sciencedaily.com)
The findings could help researchers predict how cancer cells respond to chemotherapy and improve our understanding of how cancer evolves. (sciencedaily.com)
This process, called the cell cycle, is normally tightly controlled to prevent excessive growth, which can lead to cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
In this study, researchers uncovered precisely how the cell cycle is derailed in cancer cells. (sciencedaily.com)
We found that compared with healthy immune cells, cancer cells had dramatic changes in their cell cycle," Dr Pham said. (sciencedaily.com)
This step is drastically shortened in cancer cells, allowing them to race through the cell cycle at a risky pace. (sciencedaily.com)
Now, they have upended the theory in cancer cells too. (sciencedaily.com)
When we looked closely at the cancer cells, we found that the opposite was true: the bulk of the variation was due to the second phase of the cell cycle," Dr Pham said. (sciencedaily.com)
For this study, we tagged cancer cells with a fluorescent sensor that changes colour as cells progress through the cell cycle," Dr Pham said. (sciencedaily.com)
The team's finding that the first phase of the cell cycle is minimised in cancer cells suggests a vulnerability that could be targeted by cancer treatments. (sciencedaily.com)
Our work suggests the lack of these safety checks leads to the first phase of the cell cycle becoming much shorter in cancer cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The expressions of TPX2 and p53 in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells (KK47 and RT4) were lower than those in muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells (T24, 5637, and UM-UC-3), while GLIPR1 showed the converse expression pattern. (cancerindex.org)
Interestingly, in T24 cells with mutated p53, p53 silence suppressed bladder cancer growth. (cancerindex.org)
Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
The results of ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and mRNAsi showed that the high-risk group exhibited lower immune cell infiltration and immune activation responses and had higher similarity to cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
The cell strains were obtained from the discarded tissues through the Cooperative Human Tissue Network (sponsors: National Cancer Institute and National Disease Research Interchange). (nih.gov)
In many cases these mutations have been found in other species, like yeast, before their relevance in human cancer was realised. (yourgenome.org)
This collection of monographs on selected viruses provide cancer hazard evaluations for the following human viruses: Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, human immunodeficiency virus-1, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1, and Merkel cell polyomavirus for potential listing in the Report on Carcinogens (RoC). (nih.gov)
The findings mark the culmination of over 10 years investigation by scientists to show these complex structures in vivo - in living human cells - working from the hypothetical, through computational modelling to synthetic lab experiments and finally the identification in human cancer cells using fluorescent biomarkers. (cam.ac.uk)
The research, published today in Nature Chemistry and funded by Cancer Research UK, goes on to show clear links between concentrations of four-stranded quadruplexes and the process of DNA replication, which is pivotal to cell division and production. (cam.ac.uk)
This research further highlights the potential for exploiting these unusual DNA structures to beat cancer - the next part of this pipeline is to figure out how to target them in tumour cells," said Dr Julie Sharp, senior science information manager at Cancer Research UK. (cam.ac.uk)
He returned to Denmark in 1993 to start as a group leader at the Danish Cancer Society in Copenhagen and moved two years later to the European Institute of Oncology in Milan, Italy, to become a founding member of the Department of Experimental Oncology. (icr.ac.uk)
In 2018, he took up a position at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center as the Chair of Cell Biology and Director of the Center for Epigenetics Research. (icr.ac.uk)
The Helin laboratory has made several seminal discoveries in the field of cell cycle control, epigenetics and cancer. (icr.ac.uk)
The lab continues studying the role of epigenetic factors in transcription, cell fate decisions and in cancer. (icr.ac.uk)
We focus on the role of HPV in the increased incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the head and neck cancer in which HPV is most commonly found ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
ALK peptide vaccination restores the immunogenicity of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer. (dana-farber.org)
The germline factor DDX4 contributes to the chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer cells. (dana-farber.org)
The findings are the culmination of over 10 years investigation using computational modeling, synthetic lab experiments, and finally the identification of the quad structures in human cancer cells. (scienceagogo.com)
POLQ is overexpressed in a range of cancer cells, including homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancer cells. (techscience.com)
In HR deficient cells, MMEJ is crucial as a backup DNA repair pathway, indicating the indispensable role of POLQ-mediated MMEJ in HR deficient cancer cells. (techscience.com)
However, it is still unknown whether JFK plays a role in treating lung cancer metastasis by regulating T-cell receptors (TCRs). (bvsalud.org)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lung metastasis model was established in C57BL/6J and BALB/c-nude mice by tail vein injection of Lewis lung cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that JFK may upregulate the proportion of CD4+ T, CD8+ T and NKT cells in peripheral blood, reverse the TCR changes caused by tumor metastasis, and promote the infiltration of CD8+ T and NK cells in tumor tissues, thereby inhibiting the growth of tumors and ultimately reducing the burden of lung cancer metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
However, the anti-invasive and metastatic efficacy of COE in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanism by which COE regulates cellular oxidation levels are yet to be elucidated. (bvsalud.org)
This alteration in repair capacity may constitute an important mechanism underlying the genetic instability of cancer cells in vivo . (aacrjournals.org)
As a result, the high frequency of mutations found in cancer cells cannot be accounted for by the low spontaneous mutation rate observed among somatic cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, bladder cancer T24 cell line and normal urothelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were also collected for this study. (bvsalud.org)
The levels of miR144-3p in bladder cancer tissues and cells were detected by qPCR methods. (bvsalud.org)
On top of all these, you'll be surprised to know that honey has been found to have powerful anti-cancer properties. (themindunleashed.com)
This makes it a safer and healthier cancer treatment compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which also target health and non-cancerous cells along the way. (themindunleashed.com)
Cell cycle arrest - Honey can efficiently inhibit the standard process of cancer cell growth and replication. (themindunleashed.com)
Cancer, a condition caused by damage to the cell replication/multiplication cycle after exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substances). (mezony.com)
Given the wide variety of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients found in walnut, it is not surprising to see research on this plant showing measurable anti-cancer benefits. (mezony.com)
Regardless of cell type, the tumorigenic changes that drive cancer growth and metastasis are complex. (technologynetworks.com)
It forms a "binucleated cell" similar to cancer. (abovetopsecret.com)

HIV preferentially infects and replicates in cells expressing the CD4 molecule, the ligand for viral attachment and subsequent cell entry (1). (cdc.gov)
The current data highlight the importance of eIF3d in HIV infection by inhibiting CD8+ T cell function and promoting viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)

They can enlarge to form eccDNAs by over-replication or recombination. (antiviralbiologic.com)

[5] Redundant origins may increase the flexibility of DNA replication, allowing cells to control the rate of DNA synthesis and respond to replication stress. (wikipedia.org)
We conclude that rad53 regulates the timing of initiation of replication from late origins during normal cell growth and blocks initiation from late origins in MMS-treated cells. (bioseek.eu)
We also find that orc2, which encodes subunit 2 of the origin-recognition complex, is involved in suppression of late origins. (bioseek.eu)

Development of a Patient-Derived 3D Immuno-Oncology Platform to Potentiate Immunotherapy Responses in Ascites-Derived Circulating Tumor Cells. (dana-farber.org)

No significant changes in EMT markers were observed after doxorubicin treatment.ConclusionsOur results suggest that doxorubicin-induced drug resistance and tumour growth can occur through the adaptive role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in an effort to protect tumour cells. (ox.ac.uk)

Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. (novusbio.com)

Importantly, we find that Fft3 suppresses turnover of histones at heterochromatic loci to facilitate epigenetic transmission of heterochromatin in cycling cells. (nih.gov)
Our analyses show that overexpression of Clr4/Suv39h, which is also required for efficient replication through these loci, suppresses phenotypes associated with the loss of Fft3. (nih.gov)

Here, interindividual variations and commonality of gene expression signatures have been studied in normal human mammary epithelial cells from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. (nih.gov)
Interindividual variation of gene expression patterns in response to malathion was observed in various clustering patterns for the four cell strains. (nih.gov)
Considering that gene expression not always corresponds with observed phenotype, and bacteriological culture studies inadequately reflect infection conditions, to improve the existing knowledge for the pathogenicity of P. salmonis we present here a global proteomic profiling of Salmon salar macrophage-like cell cultures infected with P. salmonis LF-89. (preprints.org)

649 Together, these membranes serve to separate the cell's genetic material from the rest of the cell contents, and allow the nucleus to maintain an environment distinct from the rest of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
In order to replicate, a cell first copies its genetic material, DNA, and then physically splits in half to form two new 'daughter' cells. (sciencedaily.com)
DNA stores genetic information in cells. (techscience.com)
Activation of the cellular senescence genetic program prompts a series of molecular changes, mostly affecting cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM), secretion of growth factors, and inflammatory mediators. (hindawi.com)

The most important functions ensured by adequate amounts of iron in the body are related to transport and storage of oxygen, electron transfer, mediation of oxidation-reduction reactions, synthesis of hormones, the replication of DNA, cell cycle restoration and control, fixation of nitrogen, and antioxidant effects. (mdpi.com)
S phase ( Synthesis phase ) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated , occurring between G 1 phase and G 2 phase . (wikipedia.org)
POLQ also mediates translesion DNA synthesis and it is largely not expressed in normal cells. (techscience.com)

Some free radicals produced inside the cell during the normal course of cellular metabolism are derived from molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and are called reactive oxygen species (ROS). (reasons.org)
Recent advances in single-cell genomics demonstrate liver zonation and ploidy as main drivers of cellular heterogeneity. (biomedcentral.com)
By comparing the infected and un-infected proteome of SHK-1 cells, we observed changes in cellular and ROS homeostasis, innate immune response, microtubules and actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics, alteration in phagosome components, iron transport and metabolism, and amino acids, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism, together with an overall energy and ATP production alteration. (preprints.org)
The cellular enzymes involved in DNA replication generate thousands of copies of DNA with greater fidelity. (techscience.com)

Cell replication is a normal process that generates additional cells, enabling the body to grow, repair tissues and generate germ-fighting immune cells. (sciencedaily.com)
In this study, we investigated the expression characteristics and biological functions of, and mechanism underlying, circ_0119872 expression in MM. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to examine the circ_0119872, microRNA (miR)-582-3p, and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) mRNA expression levels in MM tissues and cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: Circ_0119872 was remarkably upregulated in MM tissues and cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
The expression of miR-378a-5p, miR-630, and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) in tissues and cells was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. (bvsalud.org)

We tested 719,075 high quality autosomal CpGs using CpG-by-CpG and regional DNAm analyses controlling for multiple comparisons, and adjusted for maternal education, household smokers, child sex, race/ethnicity, BMI z-score, age, season at sample collection and cell-type heterogeneity. (nih.gov)
RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, we found 362 CpGs associated with 1-year PM2.5 (FDR (nih.gov)
Loss- and gain-of-functional analyses in appropriate cell/animal models may be conducive to verifying the importance of DNA replication in the process of eccDNA biogenesis. (antiviralbiologic.com)

Lytic Cycle With lytic phages, bacterial cells are broken open (lysed) and destroyed after immediate replication of the virion. (turningtooneanother.net)
However, the researchers found that H. salinarum are not as precise as E.coli and there was more variability in cell division and growth than in bacterial cells. (scitechdaily.com)

Here we show that ORC1--a component of ORC (origin of replication complex), which mediates pre-DNA replication licensing--contains a bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain that specifically recognizes histone H4 dimethylated at lysine 20 (H4K20me2). (cornell.edu)
Together, our results identify the BAH domain as a novel methyl-lysine-binding module, thereby establishing the first direct link between histone methylation and the metazoan DNA replication machinery, and defining a pivotal aetiological role for the canonical H4K20me2 mark, via ORC1, in primordial dwarfism. (cornell.edu)

Physical studies over the last couple of decades had shown that quadruplex DNA can form in vitro - in the 'test tube', but the structure was considered to be a curiosity rather than a feature found in nature. (cam.ac.uk)
The increased DNA replication rate in oncogenes leads to an intensity in the quadruplex structures. (cam.ac.uk)
We have found that by trapping the quadruplex DNA with synthetic molecules we can sequester and stabilise them, providing important insights into how we might grind cell division to a halt," said Balasubramanian. (cam.ac.uk)
One thought is that these quadruplex structures might be a bit of a nuisance during DNA replication - like knots or tangles that form. (cam.ac.uk)
Balasubramanian explained that if an inhibitor is used to block DNA replication, quadruplex levels go down - proving the idea that DNA is dynamic, with structures constantly being formed and unformed. (scienceagogo.com)

In the lytic cycle, the phage replicates and lyses the host cell. (turningtooneanother.net)

The paper notes clear links between concentrations of the four-stranded quadruplexes (known as G-quadruplexes) and the process of DNA replication, which is pivotal to cell division and production. (scienceagogo.com)

Defects in this gene are frequently found in patients with prostate tumors. (novusbio.com)
Solid tumors are characterized by intratumoral hypoxia, and hypoxic cells are associated with the transformation to aggressive phenotype and metastasis. (nature.com)
Priming a vascular-selective cytokine response permits CD8+ T-cell entry into tumors. (dana-farber.org)
This viewpoint highlights the potential role of POLQ as a new target in the treatment of HR-deficient tumors and aims to develop enthusiasm to introduce fundamental aspects of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry to basic research related to Molecular Life Sciences, Cell Biology and Genetics in Sri Lanka as Molecular Biology and Biochemistry fundamentals can still do wonders in modern research. (techscience.com)

1998) . In pRb-deficient cells, E2F1 stimulates this promoter. (nih.gov)
In addition to a constitutively occupied E2F1-Sp1 site immediately upstream of the cyclin E transcription start region, there is downstream a cell cycle-regulated site (termed CERM) that may function as a cyclin E-repressor module. (nih.gov)

According to the free radical theory of aging, the ROS produced in the cell during the natural course of metabolism act randomly and indiscriminately to damage important cell components. (reasons.org)

The researchers then worked with bioimage analyst Dr Whitehead to analyse and interpret their data and develop a new mathematical model for predicting when cells replicate. (sciencedaily.com)
Find out about the exciting discoveries being made by NIEHS and NIEHS-supported researchers that are helping to improve health and save lives. (nih.gov)
That's why two researchers studying cell division in yeast shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , along with a third investigator studying sea urchins! (usc.edu)
The researchers now know for the first time that they actually form in the DNA of human cells. (cam.ac.uk)
Understanding malaria's complex life cycle remains as challenging to researchers as it is critical for public health. (the-scientist.com)
The researchers were thus able to organize them into 15 hierarchical clusters, including DNA replication, division, and invasion. (the-scientist.com)
The researchers also found that some types of honey like the Tualang honey has selective cytotoxicity property, which means that its compounds only target cancerous cells while leaving non-cancerous cells alone. (themindunleashed.com)

[4] RPA recruitment primes the replication fork for loading of replicative DNA polymerases and PCNA sliding clamps. (wikipedia.org)
DNA polymerases aid DNA replication and repair. (techscience.com)

Inactivation of this domain abolished DNA damage-dependent Rad53 phosphorylation, G2/M cell cycle phase arrest, and increase of RNR3 transcription but did not affect replication inhibition-dependent Rad53 phosphorylation. (embl.de)

All cells in the body ( somatic cells), except those that give rise to the eggs and sperm (gametes), reproduce by mitosis . (cancer.gov)
Somatic cells reproduce by mitosis, which results in two cells identical to the one parent cell. (cancer.gov)
These cells have only 23 chromosomes, one-half the number found in somatic cells, so that when fertilization takes place the resulting cell will again have 46 chromosomes, 23 from the egg and 23 from the sperm. (cancer.gov)

We find that single-cell growth is size-dependent (large cells grow faster than small cells), which implicates a size-control mechanism in cell-size homoeostasis. (nature.com)
These periodic events must be coordinated in space and time to maintain chromosomal integrity and balanced cell growth. (nature.com)
Linear growth implies that the speed of growth remains constant between birth and division and does not scale with cell size. (nature.com)
Exponential growth implies that the speed of growth accelerates in proportion to increasing cell size. (nature.com)
Cell division is the process by which new cells are formed for growth, repair, and replacement in the body. (cancer.gov)
Fission yeast ( Schizosaccharomyces pombe ) has become a popular system for studying cell growth and division. (yourgenome.org)
It is useful partly because it is easy and inexpensive to grow in the lab, but also because its cells have a regular size and grow only in length, making it very simple to record cell growth. (yourgenome.org)
Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling. (wikipedia.org)
In yeast, for instance, cell growth induces accumulation of Cln3 cyclin , which complexes with the cyclin dependent kinase CDK2. (wikipedia.org)
Normal cell division is central to normal growth and development not only of yeast cells, but of humans as well. (usc.edu)
Reference: "Archaeal cells share common size control with bacteria despite noisier growth and division" by Ye-Jin Eun, Po-Yi Ho, Minjeong Kim, Salvatore LaRussa, Lydia Robert, Lars D. Renner, Amy Schmid, Ethan Garner and Ariel Amir, 18 December 2017, Nature Microbiology . (scitechdaily.com)
His subsequent studies looked more closely at the ways in which various growth factors stimulated activities within the cells. (nih.gov)
In addition, cells cultured under hypoxia at pH 6.5 immediately after UV irradiation had elevated levels of induced mutagenesis compared with those maintained in standard growth conditions. (aacrjournals.org)
We find that wild-type human ORC1, but not ORC1-H4K20me2-binding mutants, rescues the growth retardation of orc1 morphants. (cornell.edu)
Once absorbed, these compounds begin working to support the various cycles of growth and replication of cells. (fibrofix.com)

For example, SV40 T-ag is assembled into a hexameric helicase only after binding to the SV40 replication origin. (nih.gov)

Studying the control of cell division in yeast is thus very relevant to human health and understanding many clinical disorders. (usc.edu)
The cytokine function is exclusively attributed to the secreted C-terminal peptide, while the N-terminal product may play a role in cell cycle control. (antikoerper-online.de)
This tight control of centrosome numbers allows normal cells to enter mitosis with two centrosomes, ensuring bipolar spindle formation, which leads to two daughter cells, each inheriting one centrosome in the interphase. (bmbreports.org)
Using an assay for repair based on host cell reactivation of UV-damaged plasmid DNA, cells exposed to hypoxia and low pH were found to have a diminished capacity for DNA repair compared with control cells grown under standard culture conditions. (aacrjournals.org)

These cells include a subset of helper T lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Although such swabs are likely to be contaminated with lymphocytes from the tonsils or pharynx, the authors noted that the virus was also found in cell-free supernatants. (cdc.gov)

[ 38 ] No correlation was found between upregulation of hTERT, hTR and histopathological parameters (e.g., tumor stage, tumor grade or lymph node metastasis). (medscape.com)

An example of a lytic bacteriophage is T4, which infects E. coli found in the human intestinal tract. (turningtooneanother.net)

Neuraminidase binding causes the sialic acids to not bind or not bnind tightly to the host cell. (kenyon.edu)

Several years ago, the team challenged this theory in healthy immune cells, showing that both phases of the cell cycle contribute to changes in replication time. (sciencedaily.com)
Distinct Dynamics of Migratory Response to PD-1 and CTLA-4 Blockade Reveals New Mechanistic Insights for Potential T-Cell Reinvigoration following Immune Checkpoint Blockade. (dana-farber.org)

Label-free shotgun proteomics was applied to comprehensively characterize the hypoxia-responsive proteome profiles in the OS cell phenotypes. (nature.com)
To explore the impact of the cell phenotype on the hypoxia-responsive proteome we chose two isogenic canine OS cell lines with different phenotypes: POS (primary origin) displaying a low metastatic phenotype and HMPOS (metastatic origin) exemplifying a highly metastatic phenotype 18 . (nature.com)

The proteome needed to support an aggressive osteosarcoma cell phenotype remains largely undefined. (nature.com)

Interestingly, swine macrophages are the only cell type to be found to support PRRSV replication. (kenyon.edu)

We found that ICLs can activate a vigorous DDR throughout the cell cycle, including members of the FA pathway, such as FANCD2. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we show that the FA pathway response can be distinguished by cell cycle phase. (nih.gov)

Anatomy19

Organisms17

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes91

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proteins20

Proliferation20

Apoptosis2

Budding yeast2

Progression8

Protein18

Genome10

Pathways6

Genes18

Forks3

Chromosome15

Mammalian cells4

Regulation3

Eukaryotes4

Initiates2

VIRUS REPLICATION2

Occurs6

Segregation1

Eukaryotic4

Initiate DNA replication1

Processes5

Mechanisms10

Genomic2

Cancers5

Cancer46

Viral2

Recombination1

Origins3

Tumor Cells1

Tumour cells1

Freeze-thaw cycles1

Loci2

Gene expression3

Genetic4

Synthesis3

Cellular4

Tissues4

Analyses3

Bacterial2

Histone2

Quadruplex5

Replicates1

Pivotal1

Tumors4

E2F12

Metabolism1

Researchers7

Polymerases2

Rad531

Somatic cells3

Growth15

Helicase1

Control4

Lymphocytes2

Metastasis1

Infects1

Tightly1

Immune2

Phenotypes2

Phenotype1

Macrophages1

Pathway2