Replication defective retro viruses replication defective vectors defective viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

To circumvent the negative effect of preexisting immunity to common human serotypes of adenoviruses on the efficacy of adenovirus vaccine carriers, we developed vectors based on chimpanzee-derived adenoviruses C68, C6, and C1 ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Some vectors, such as adenoviruses, have a fairly broad tropism, and the target range is often modified by engineering part of the envelope proteins. (biopharminternational.com)
Provided by coinfecting helper viruses such as adenoviruses e.g. (icpcovid.com)
Thus, the duration of gene expression is much longer with retroviruses (weeks to months) as compared to adenoviruses and AAVs (days to weeks). (pharmacy180.com)
Adenoviruses are nonenveloped DNA viruses carrying linear double-stranded DNA of about 35 kb length. (pharmacy180.com)
For producing transgene-containing therapeutic adenoviruses, their genome is modified by deletion of the viral replication specific gene known as early gene 1 ( E1A ). (pharmacy180.com)
Adenoviral vectors are based on natural adenoviruses of serotypes 2 and 5. (pharmacy180.com)
E1-deleted (including E1a-deleted) adenoviruses are replication defective and are commonly used as viral vectors to carry therapeutic genes for gene therapy. (hindawi.com)

Delivery of genes or other genetic material by a vector is termed transduction and the infected cells are described as transduced. (wikipedia.org)
Identification: Viral vectors are often given certain genes that help identify which cells took up the viral genes. (wikipedia.org)
The cells can then be isolated easily, as those that have not taken up the viral vector genes do not have antibiotic resistance, and so cannot grow in a culture with the relevant antibiotic present. (wikipedia.org)
Protein coding genes can be expressed using viral vectors, commonly to study the function of the particular protein. (wikipedia.org)
Viral vectors, especially retroviruses, stably expressing marker genes such as GFP are widely used to permanently label cells to track them and their progeny, for example in xenotransplantation experiments, when cells infected in vitro are implanted into a host animal. (wikipedia.org)
Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. (wikipedia.org)
In the future, gene therapy may provide a way to cure genetic disorders, such as severe combined immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis or even haemophilia A. Because these diseases result from mutations in the DNA sequence for specific genes, gene therapy trials have used viruses to deliver unmutated copies of these genes to the cells of the patient's body. (wikipedia.org)
Immune response to viruses not only impedes the delivery of genes to target cells but can cause severe complications for the patient. (wikipedia.org)
Some viral vectors, for instance gamma-retroviruses, insert their genomes at a seemingly random location on one of the host chromosomes, which can disturb the function of cellular genes and lead to cancer. (wikipedia.org)
[11] Prasolov VS. [Retroviral vectors--an effective system for transfer and expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells]. (org.ua)
Replication-defective vectors of reticuloendotheliosis virus transduce exogenous genes into somatic stem cells of the unincubated chicken embryo. (org.ua)
In particular, the present invention provides neurogenesis inducing genes coding for Zic proteins, vectors containing such genes, host cells containing such vectors, proteins produced by such host cells, antibodies raised to such proteins, and therapeutic agents or agents for gene therapy for nervous diseases. (justia.com)
Viral vector systems are gutted viruses where the packaging signals (e.g., the genetic signals that target the wrapping into the viral particles) are fused to the genes of interest (the payload), and the remaining necessary elements are placed on separate genetic elements, often three or more, says Carsten Carstens, senior scientist, R&D, Agilent Technologies. (biopharminternational.com)
Identification of the canarypox virus thymidine kinase gene and insertion of foreign genes. (lookformedical.com)
We then inserted the genes encoding lacZ, luciferase (luci), and envelope of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1 env) into the TK gene of CaPV to evaluate its suitability as an expression vector. (lookformedical.com)
The recombinant viruses obtained were unstable, although the foreign genes were expressed efficiently in the mammalian cells infected with the viruses. (lookformedical.com)
A canarypox vaccine expressing multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes given alone or with rgp120 elicits broad and durable CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in seronegative volunteers. (lookformedical.com)
To induce CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) along with neutralizing antibody and CD4+ T cell help, a live canarypox virus construct expressing gp120, transmembrane gp41, the gag and protease genes, and sequences containing CTL epitopes in nef and pol was given simultaneously with, or followed by, rgp120 SF2. (lookformedical.com)
Dependoviruses are being investigated as possible vectors to introduce genes into the cells of patients for the treatment of various genetic diseases and cancers. (icpcovid.com)
Defective retroviral vectors are devoid of the genes encoding viral pro-teins but retain the ability to infect cells and insert their genes into the chromosomes of the target cells. (pharmacy180.com)
Removing these structural genes and inserting therapeutic genes in their place make muLV-based vectors. (pharmacy180.com)
Genes introduced into cells using adenoviral vectors are maintained extrachromosomally in the nucleus and provides transient transgene expression. (pharmacy180.com)
In these first generation adenoviral-vectors, additional partial dele-tions of E1B and E3 genes can be made to create more space for transgene insertion. (pharmacy180.com)
Some viruses like Epstein-Barr, human papillomavirus, and retroviruses are even oncogenic, causing the insertion of cancer-causing genes into cellular genomes. (biopharminternational.com)
The life cycle of retroviruses is arbitrarily divided into two distinct phases: the early phase refers to the steps of infection from cell binding to the integration of the viral cDNA into the cell genome, whereas the late phase begins with the expression of viral genes and continues through to the release and maturation of progeny virions (see Figure 1 for a schematic view of the retroviral life cycle). (biomedcentral.com)
DNA viruses such as herpesvirus and poxvirus have multiple genes, some of them host-derived, which interfere with effective innate or acquired immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
We have devised a method for the selection of genes from cDNA libraries that suppress the block to virus infection, and so restore virus susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
The suppressor genes were then recovered from these virus sensitive cells, and their ability to restore virus susceptibility was confirmed by reintroduction of these cDNAs into the resistant line. (biomedcentral.com)
The identities of these genes provide insights into the mechanism of virus resistance and will help to define new pathways used during retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The methods for gene isolation developed here will also permit the identification of similar suppressors that modify or override other recently identified virus resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
It is becoming increasingly apparent that mammalian cells harbor numerous genes that induce intracellular blocks to retrovirus infection [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These genes have presumably evolved and been maintained in the genome in response to the pathogenic and lethal consequences of infection, and are now thought to constitute an important part of the host defense against these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
We have been involved in the development of screens and selections for virus resistance genes, and have isolated mutant cell lines after chemical mutagenesis that are profoundly resistant to retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify such genes, we have developed methodologies that allow for the selection of rare virus-sensitive clones arising after transfer of gene libraries into populations of virus-resistant parents. (biomedcentral.com)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)

Adeno-associated virus-based vectors are much safer in this respect as they always integrate at the same site in the human genome, with applications in various disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Several virus types have been studied for use as viral vectors in gene therapy, including adenovirus, lentivirus, retrovirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV). (biopharminternational.com)
Cell entry and trafficking of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). (icpcovid.com)
Several different viral vectors have been developed for gene therapy, including ret-rovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV). (pharmacy180.com)
In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses-adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus-and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. (frontiersin.org)

We used a replication defective recombinant retrovirus vector GINaTK (bearing HSV-TK gene) to make packaging cell PA317 produce progeny virions. (wjgnet.com)
Antigen gene transfer to cultured human dendritic cells using recombinant avipoxvirus vectors. (lookformedical.com)
Replication-competent recombinant VV (rVV) was also shown to be capable of transferring the marker gene to primary DC cultures. (lookformedical.com)

Compared to adenovirus and AAV, retrovirus-based vectors show relatively low transduction efficiency in-vivo , but their advantage lies in their ability to integrate stably and confer long-term transgene expression in dividing tissues. (biopharminternational.com)
Viruses have evolved to efficiently penetrate cells and transfer their genetic material into host cells (a process called transduction ). (pharmacy180.com)
Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)
The R4-7 mutant cell line is approximately 100-fold resistant to transduction by MuLV-based vectors as compared to wild-type Rat2 cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)

Such a virus can efficiently infect cells but, once the infection has taken place, requires a helper virus to provide the missing proteins for production of new virions. (wikipedia.org)
Infectivity, he explains, is usually dictated by the envelope proteins present in a virus and the cellular surface components to which those proteins bind. (biopharminternational.com)
The oncolytic autonomous parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) establishes infection in the nuclear environment by usurping host DNA damage signaling proteins in the vicinity of cellular DNA break sites. (bvsalud.org)
Ectopically expressed viral non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2 are sufficient to cause host-cell replication stress, as is the presence of UV-inactivated non-replicative MVM genomes. (bvsalud.org)
Parvoviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that utilize host proteins to vigorously replicate in the nuclei of host cells, leading to cell cycle arrest. (bvsalud.org)
The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
Viruses are composed of small amounts of DNA or RNA, encapsulated by a protein coat, and may be enclosed in an envelope made of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. (biopharminternational.com)
A single virion is a completely developed virus particle made of 1-50% nucleic acid and 50-99% proteins or glycoproteins and lipids. (biopharminternational.com)
RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
We have recently shown that the replication of rhinovirus, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus requires the co-translational N-myristoylation of viral proteins by human host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), and is inhibited by treatment with IMP-1088, an ultrapotent small molecule NMT inhibitor. (cdc.gov)

In one of the early gene therapy trials in 1999 this led to the death of Jesse Gelsinger, who was treated using an adenoviral vector. (wikipedia.org)
Adenoviral vectors infect both dividing and nondividing cells. (pharmacy180.com)
Adenoviral vectors do not integrate into the host cell chromosomes. (pharmacy180.com)

Immunosuppression can be caused by pathogens such as chicken infectious anemia virus, infectious bursal disease virus, reovirus, and some retroviruses (e.g., reticuloendotheliosis virus). (imperial.ac.uk)

One vaccine modality that has shown promise is based on adenovirus vectors of human serotype 5 (AdHu5) ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
But adenovirus vectors don't last long, so therapy must be frequently re-administered. (health.am)

Appropriate in vivo expression of a muscle-specific promoter by using avian retroviral vectors for gene transfer [corrected]. (org.ua)
Retroviruses and lentiviruses, therefore, are most suitable for ex-vivo gene transfer, Chaudhary states. (biopharminternational.com)
Viral gene transfer utilizes a genetically modified natural virus with a part of the viral genome replaced by a therapeutic gene (called transgene ) and making the virus replication deficient. (pharmacy180.com)
3) I believe that viruses would probably re-evolve eventually as I believe that they are related to microbial gene transfer systems. (microbe.tv)
Hence, a novel virus might resemble a pre-existing virus sufficiently to confuse its origin and there is little pressure for one to evolve from current gene transfer systems. (microbe.tv)
Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

Viruses have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms to efficiently transport their genomes inside the cells they infect. (wikipedia.org)
Stability: Some viruses are genetically unstable and can rapidly rearrange their genomes. (wikipedia.org)
MVM genomes localize to cellular sites of DNA damage with the help of their essential non-structural phosphoprotein NS1 to establish viral replication centers. (bvsalud.org)
The host single-stranded DNA binding protein Replication Protein A (RPA) associates with the UV-inactivated MVM genomes, suggesting MVM genomes might serve as a sink for cellular stores of RPA. (bvsalud.org)
Overexpressing RPA in host cells prior to UV-MVM infection rescues DNA fiber lengths and increases MVM replication, confirming that MVM genomes deplete RPA stores to cause replication stress. (bvsalud.org)
Together, these results indicate that parvovirus genomes induce replication stress through RPA exhaustion, rendering the host genome vulnerable to additional DNA breaks. (bvsalud.org)
2) Viruses would come back fairly quickly (at least some of them) unless the switch also eliminates retroviruses hidden away in various genomes around the world. (microbe.tv)
Virus 1 quesito Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. (lookformedical.com)
Gene therapy relies mainly on viruses-which transport genomes inside the cells they infect-to deliver genetic material into a patient's cells. (health.am)
The protocol involves the transformation of pools of resistant cells by cDNA expression libraries, followed by the selection for rare virus-sensitive cells, using multiple rounds of selection after infection by marked viral vector genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutant line R3-2 exhibited a nearly 1000-fold resistance to infection by genetically marked Moloney murine leukemia virus genomes, and was resistant to pseudotyped viruses utilizing the ecotropic envelope, the amphotropic envelope, or even the VSV G envelope protein. (biomedcentral.com)

Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
Viruses exploit the enzymes and other host-cell machinery to replicate themselves. (biopharminternational.com)
A non-taxonomic designation for viruses that can replicate in both vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. (lookformedical.com)
Virus Incompleti 0 domande Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. (lookformedical.com)
Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. (lookformedical.com)
Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus. (lookformedical.com)
Virus Helper 0 domande Viruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. (lookformedical.com)

This usually involves the deletion of a part of the viral genome critical for viral replication. (wikipedia.org)
A) When a latently infected cell is super-infected with a helper virus, such adenovirus or herpes x virus , the AAV gene expression program is activated leading to the AAV Rep-mediated rescue (i.e., excision) of the provirus DNA from the host cell chromosome, followed by replication and packaging of the viral genome. (icpcovid.com)

Packaging cell PA317/TK was successfully constructed, and we acquired SW1990/TK through virus progeny infection. (wjgnet.com)
In an R&D setting, this becomes preferable if the same reagent is transfected (for example, CAS9 delivery vectors) since all the work is in the generation of the viral stock, not in the infection," Carstens says. (biopharminternational.com)
Using rFWPV containing lacZ under the control of a vaccinia virus (VV) early/late promoter (p7.5K) and a 10 plaque-forming units per cell multiplicity of infection, >80% of cells expressed the lacZ marker gene. (lookformedical.com)
The burst of infection in 2022 may have been an indirect effect of the COVID-restrictions , there may have been a sudden temporary wave of primary co-infections by AAV and Adenovirus (e.g. serotype 41f) or Herpes (HHV6B, the "roseola" virus) after the COVID restrictions were lifted. (icpcovid.com)
Using single molecule DNA Fiber Analysis, we have discovered that MVM infection leads to a shortening of host replication forks as infection progresses, as well as induction of replication stress prior to the initiation of virus replication. (bvsalud.org)
In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
Genetic selections in mammalian cell lines have recently been developed for the isolation of mutant cells that are refractory to infection by retroviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Both lines R3-2 and R4-7 were also resistant to infection by pseudotyped HIV-1 viral vectors. (biomedcentral.com)
The process of continuous cycles of viral infection, integration, and production from target cells is referred to here as viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Many viruses, including Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV), have evolved sophisticated countermeasures to extend the life of an infected host cell to support establishment of infection and virus proliferation. (mdpi.com)
While the molecular biology of the two viruses has been characterized in great detail, the absence of robust cell culture models for HBV and/or HDV infection has limited the investigation of virus-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
Recent infection with yellow fever virus was confirmed in all four organ recipients by identification of yellow fever virus RNA consistent with the 17D vaccine strain in brain tissue from one recipient and seroconversion after transplantation in three recipients. (cdc.gov)
Here, we examine the importance of N-myristoylation during vaccinia virus (VACV) infection in primate cells and demonstrate the anti-poxviral effects of IMP-1088. (cdc.gov)

Vectors can either integrate into a cell's genome or transiently express a gene with non-integrative vectors. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Furthermore, some viruses integrate into the cell genome facilitating stable expression. (wikipedia.org)
The commercial viability of other virus types also continues to be explored, particularly for treatments that require a larger payload, transient expression, or insertion of a gene of interest in the genome. (biopharminternational.com)
We mapped the canarypox virus (CaPV) thymidine kinase (TK) gene within a 5.8-kbp XbaI fragment of the genome by Southern blotting using the fowlpox virus (FPV) TK gene as a probe. (lookformedical.com)
Retroviruses, on the other hand, integrate their genetic material with the host cell genome. (pharmacy180.com)
Retroviral vectors are RNA viruses (i.e., their genome is RNA) possessing the main feature of reverse transcribing their viral RNA genome into a double-stranded viral DNA. (pharmacy180.com)
The base pair length genome carrying capacity of a virus is limited by the size of genome that can be accommodated within the capsid. (pharmacy180.com)
I suspect that the reason that we haven't seen novel viruses evolve lately may be related to A) there are a limited number of core viral types (the equivalent to the theoretical minimal genome for microbial life) and B) the niches that they could fill are already occupied. (microbe.tv)
Provirus 0 domande Duplex DNA sequences in eukaryotic chromosomes, corresponding to the genome of a virus, that are transmitted from one cell generation to the next without causing lysis of the host. (lookformedical.com)
Virus Riassortanti 0 domande Viruses containing two or more pieces of nucleic acid (segmented genome) from different parents. (lookformedical.com)

The hollow protein capsids from a number of different viruses are being considered for multiple biomedical or nanotechnological applications. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. (oncotarget.com)
SAMHD1 is acetylated at residue lysine 405 (K405) in vitro and in vivo by an acetylatransferase, arrest defective protein 1 (ARD1). (oncotarget.com)

For instance, Agilent has retroviral and lentiviral vector systems that are pseudotyped to achieve a wide target range. (biopharminternational.com)
Their special ability to infect and integrate into nondividing cells has application for the construction of lentiviral vectors for gene deliv-ery into nondividing, terminally differentiated cells such as neuronal tissue, hematopoietic cells, and myofibers. (pharmacy180.com)
And lentiviral vectors, while stable, fail to deliver genetic material to enough defective human cells. (health.am)
HIV-1, when converted from virus to lentiviral vector, loses a specific RNA element required to pack its "container" with its own genetic material to be effective. (health.am)
After identifying the problem, researchers introduced the element into a lentiviral vector, successfully and significantly improving the quality and quantity of the gene therapy. (health.am)
Delivery and success of gene therapy for human cells has the potential of increasing five to ten times with the introduction of the GRPE into the lentiviral vector. (health.am)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus and is known to cause AIDS. (pharmacy180.com)

The primary objective of these viral vector systems is to achieve the highest possible titers without forming replication-competent variants. (biopharminternational.com)

Parvoviruses are amongst the smallest known viruses, with virions in the range 18-26 nm in diameter. (icpcovid.com)
Inhibition of vaccinia virus L1 N-myristoylation by the host N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor IMP-1088 generates non-infectious virions defective in cell entry. (cdc.gov)

Viral vectors are tools commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic material into cells. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of Rous sarcoma virus-derived retroviral vectors in the avian blastoderm: potential as stable genetic markers. (org.ua)
For all practical purposes, a viral vector is a genetic element wrapped in its own transfection reagent, which makes transfection titrations possible (e.g., dosage responses) and highly effective. (biopharminternational.com)
Thus, a viral vector efficiently transfers the desired genetic material into target cells, leading to transgene expression. (pharmacy180.com)
Virus A Rna 0 domande Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
During virus production, GRPE coordinates the production and filling of the container with the genetic material of HIV-1, or the desired human gene. (health.am)
Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
Crucially, some viral vectors (i.e., viruses specifically used to deliver genetic material into cells) have the potential to circumvent the blood-brain- (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) when intravenously injected. (frontiersin.org)
method to introduce genetic material into select neuronal populations is by virus administration into muscle, which is the focus of this review. (frontiersin.org)

Retroviral vectors can stably insert into the host DNA. (pharmacy180.com)

For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)

[6] Katz RA, Terry RW, Skalka AM. A conserved cis-acting sequence in the 5' leader of avian sarcoma virus RNA is required for packaging. (org.ua)
[7] Knight JB, Si ZH, Stoltzfus CM. A base-paired structure in the avian sarcoma virus 5' leader is required for efficient encapsidation of RNA. (org.ua)
[18] Cosset FL, Legras C, Thomas JL, Molina RM, Chebloune Y, Faure C, Nigon VM, Verdier G. Improvement of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-based retrovirus vectors by using different cis-acting sequences from ALVs. (org.ua)
[19] Benchaibi M, Mallet F, Thoraval P, Savatier P, Xiao JH, Verdier G, Samarut J, Nigon V. Avian retroviral vectors derived from avian defective leukemia virus: role of the translational context of the inserted gene on efficiency of the vectors. (org.ua)

Paul Berg used a modified SV40 virus containing DNA from the bacteriophage λ to infect monkey kidney cells maintained in culture. (wikipedia.org)
Retrovirus packaging cells. (org.ua)
In both cases, cells may be treated either with a viral or non-viral vector carrying the corrected copy of the gene. (biopharminternational.com)
Carstens points out that the greatest limitation of viral vector systems is their tropism, that is, the type of cells that a virus will naturally infect. (biopharminternational.com)
Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is considered one of the important correlates for the protective efficacy of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines. (lookformedical.com)
Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) is an autonomous parvovirus of the Parvoviridae family that replicates in mouse cells and transformed human cells. (bvsalud.org)
Pulsing cells with an ATR inhibitor after S-phase entry leads to attenuated MVM replication. (bvsalud.org)
MuLV-derived vectors inte-grate exclusively in dividing cells. (pharmacy180.com)
Released virus is then able to infect neighboring cells until all susceptible cells are eliminated. (hindawi.com)
Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
Virus contamination of products derived from human or animal cells can have disastrous clinical consequences causing diseases ranging from common colds and influenza, to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis, herpes, measles, and poliomyelitis. (biopharminternational.com)
Batteriofagi 0 domande Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells. (lookformedical.com)
Such viruses are produced in cells coinfected with different strains of a given virus. (lookformedical.com)
Ultimately, introducing GRPE elements into viral vectors could enhance the ease and effectiveness of gene therapy, which typically uses transplanted human stem cells. (health.am)
Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are the precursors of DNA synthesis, and their strict balance is critical for proper DNA replication and repair in cells [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
DsRNAs accumulate in the host cells in viral infections as a result of viral gene expression and/or viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
The intermittent but prolonged detection of this replication-defective HIV variant in the patient′s plasma among other viral populations strongly suggests that this variant is released from highly stable productively infected cells present in vivo during therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

[2] Anderson DJ, Lee P, Levine KL, Sang JS, Shah SA, Yang OO, Shank PR, Linial ML. Molecular cloning and characterization of the RNA packaging-defective retrovirus SE21Q1b. (org.ua)
These DNAs constitute valuable tools in the characterization of this line's virus resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Infections caused by several positive-stranded RNA viruses allow the characterization of DCLs involved in the RNA-silencing-based antiviral immune responses of plants. (biomedcentral.com)

We have therefore tested the DCL4 functionality in processing exogenous dsRNA-like substrates, such as a replicase-assisted viral replicon defective-interfering RNA and RNA hairpin substrates, or endogenous antisense transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)

The autonomous parvovirus, minute virus of mice (MVM), forms viral replication centers in the nucleus which are adjacent to cellular DNA damage response (DDR) sites, many of which are fragile genomic regions prone to undergoing DDR during the S phase. (bvsalud.org)
While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. (lookformedical.com)
The findings are detailed in the article, "A new genomic RNA packaging element in retroviruses and the interplay with ribosomal frameshifting," published today in the journal Cell Host & Microbe. (health.am)

In addition to their use in molecular biology research, viral vectors are used for gene therapy and the development of vaccines. (wikipedia.org)

During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)

AAVs are the most common viral vectors used in the clinic. (pharmacy180.com)

Recent advances in retrovirus vector technology. (org.ua)

However, immune responses induced by AdHu5 vectors are reduced by preexisting AdHu5-neutralizing antibodies found in humans in the United States ( 4 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)

To investigate the in vitro effects of suicide gene therapy system of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV-TK) in combination with the treatment of nucleotide analog-ganciclovir (GCV) on human pancreatic cancer, and to provide a novel clinical therapeutic method for human pancreatic cancer. (wjgnet.com)

Although the combination of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) with ganciclovir (GCV) has been shown as a promising suicide gene treatment strategy for glioma, the almost immunodepressive dose of GCV required for its adequate in vivo efficacy has hampered its further clinical application. (hindawi.com)
Conversely, DCL4 did not efficiently process a replicase-assisted viral replicon in vivo, providing evidence that viral RNAs are not accessible to DCL4 in membranes associated in active replication. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we have attempted to characterize these viruses of an ART-treated patient in vitro in order to gain insights into the mechanism of their production in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

MVM replication induces a cellular DNA damage response that is mediated by signaling through the ATM kinase pathway, while inhibiting induction of the ATR kinase signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
However, the cellular signals regulating virus localization to cellular DNA damage response sites has remained unknown. (bvsalud.org)
These observations suggest that the initial localization of MVM to cellular DDR sites depends on ATR signaling before it is inactivated by vigorous virus replication. (bvsalud.org)
MVM replication induces a global cellular DNA Damage Response (DDR) that is dependent on signaling by the ATM kinase and inactivates the cellular ATR-kinase pathway. (bvsalud.org)
Along this journey, retroviruses hijack the cellular machinery, while at the same time counteracting cellular defenses. (biomedcentral.com)
This process is regulated by both viral and cellular factors, which are necessary for an efficient viral replication as well as for the setting up of viral latency, leading to a repressed transcription of the integrated provirus.nnRESULTS: In this study, we examined the role of two parameters in HIV-1 LTR promoter activity. (cnrs.fr)

Under some conditions, up to ~40% of the starting virus capsids were reassembled in vitro as free, non aggregated, correctly assembled particles. (bvsalud.org)
These results open up the possibility of encapsidating different compounds in VP2-only capsids of MVM during its reassembly in vitro, and encourage the use of virus-like particles of MVM as nanocontainers. (bvsalud.org)
We found that the incorporation of this point mutation by itself could cause defects in the replication of a standard HIV strain (JRCSF) in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
To understand the mechanism of how RVs appear in plasma during therapy, we sought to molecularly clone these viruses, and then study their biology in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) in combination with ganciclovir (GCV) has been shown as one of the most promising suicide gene systems for tumor treatment in laboratory studies and is currently being tested in several clinical trials. (hindawi.com)

Members of this class include the Moloney murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) and the lentiviruses. (pharmacy180.com)

Similarly, direct injection of viruses into the cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., via lumbar puncture in humans) also permits targeting of the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
FINDINGS: We identified one read from yellow fever virus in cerebrospinal fluid from the recipient of a kidney using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. (cdc.gov)

Low toxicity: The viral vector should have a minimal effect on the physiology of the cell it infects. (wikipedia.org)
To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)

The concept has now been extended to embrace synthetic lethal drug sensitivity, such as that observed with PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy in a variety of BRCA defective tumors 10 . (nature.com)

By using an expression vector, a 680 bp PSA promoter isolated from a prostate cancer patient demonstrated the prostate-specific expression of the reporter gene [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Viral vectors were originally developed as an alternative to transfection of naked DNA for molecular genetics experiments. (wikipedia.org)
The molecular biology of RNA tumor virus. (org.ua)

We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)

The type species is FOWLPOX VIRUS. (lookformedical.com)

The idea behind this study is to place the Ad5 E1 region in cis complementation (i.e., use E1 as a transgene) back into an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus under the control of a prostate-specific promoter (PSP). (hindawi.com)
Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)

Had an easy question where it asked for the structure of Hepatitis B: dsDNA, enveloped virus These are some questions remembered on USMLE Step 1 this year. (pdfcoffee.com)
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections are major causes of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. (mdpi.com)

In this context, it is worthwhile to understand some important aspects of current and state-of-the-art methods for inactivating and eliminating viruses from process streams that generate products intended for use by humans. (biopharminternational.com)

Proviruses are often associated with neoplastic cell transformation and are key features of retrovirus biology. (lookformedical.com)

Contamination of a product with endogenous viruses from cell banks, or adventitious viruses from personnel can have serious clinical implications. (biopharminternational.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms94

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs47

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes66

Information Science4

Health Care3

Adenoviruses8

Genes35

Adeno-assoc5

Recombinant3

Transduction5

Proteins10

Adenoviral3

Reticuloendotheliosis virus1

Adenovirus vectors2

Gene transfer6

Genomes11

Replicate7

Viral genome2

Infection13

Genome10

Protein5

Lentiviral6

Lentivirus1

Forming replication-competent1

Virions2

Genetic9

Stably1

Transgene expression1

Avian4

Cells20

Characterization3

Exogenous1

Genomic3

Vaccines1

Nucleus2

AAVs1

Advances1

Antibodies1

Thymidine kinase gene1

Vivo3

Cellular6

Vitro4

Herpes simpl1

Leukemia1

Cerebrospinal fluid2

Toxicity2

Chemotherapy1

Expression vector1

Molecular2

Regulates1

Fowlpox virus1

Promoter2

Hepatitis2

METHODS1

Biology1

Endogenous1