ViralHarboring replication-competent provirusesVectorsLatently infected cellsVirusesRcAAVLatent reservoirInfectiousVirusVaccinesInitiationCellsImmuneInfectionPatientsMechanismPreventHumanBlockRetrovirusAttenuated replication-competent virusAdenovirusVaccinia virusVitroOnset of symptomsLentivirusGenomeSmallpox vaccineGenesOncolyticPlasmidViremiaPopulationsLatentHAARTACAM2000VaccineProteinsDetectPropagationVirus was notSynthesisHumanCapablePotentialEssentialHandleControlPreviously
Viral13
- Replication-defective adenovirus vectors are deficient in early viral gene E1 and are generally grown in cell lines such as HEK-293, which contain and express an integrated copy of E1 for the purpose of complementing the defective adenoviral genome. (acs.org)
- Thus, replication-competent NYVAC-C-KC vectors acquired relevant immunological properties as vaccine candidates against HIV/AIDS, and the viral B19 molecule exerts some control of immune functions. (uni-regensburg.de)
- While initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during primary HIV-1 infection occasionally results in transient control of viral replication after treatment interruption, the vast majority of patients eventually experience a rebound in plasma viremia. (irsicaixa.es)
- Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
- The frequency and activity of terminally differentiated NKG2a/c low CD16 + natural killer cells correlates with a reduction of replication-competent SIV in lymph node during antiretroviral therapy and time to viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption. (nature.com)
- A Novel Approach on Immunization by Replication- Competent, Controlled Viral Pathogen: Exploring for Diseases Refractory to Effective Conventional Vaccination? (digiwire.co.in)
- Many studies, however, contrasted immune responses elicited by viral vectors that were attenuated but retained residual capacity to replicate and corresponding vectors that were incompetent for replication[7-10]. (digiwire.co.in)
- How does one restrict a viral pathogen's replication to the area of the inoculation site as well as limit the length of its replication? (digiwire.co.in)
- Quantitative viral outgrowth assays (QVOAs) are the gold standard for identification of rebound-competent sequences, because they measure the number of cells that can be reactivated in vitro to produce infectious virus 4 , 16 . (nature.com)
- Replication competent viral vectors (e.g. (nih.gov)
- Are required viral genes split between multiple constructs to prevent production of replication-competent viruses? (uwm.edu)
- The objective here is to prevent formation of a replication-competent viral particle," Carstens emphasizes. (biopharminternational.com)
- The primary objective of these viral vector systems is to achieve the highest possible titers without forming replication-competent variants. (biopharminternational.com)
Harboring replication-competent proviruses1
- Antiretroviral therapy cannot cure HIV-1 infection due to the persistence of a small number of latently infected cells harboring replication-competent proviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Vectors2
- Replication defective adenovirus vectors with low sero-prevalence and low T-cell reactivity in the relevant human populations. (nih.gov)
- Dengue outbreaks have also been associated with Aedes albopictus , particularly in China, 3 and several other Aedes species found in South Pacific countries and areas may also be competent dengue vectors. (who.int)
Latently infected cells1
- HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)
Viruses3
- Replication-competent Viruses for Cancer Therapy. (wikipedia.org)
- Results showed that attenuated viruses retaining some replication capacity induced immune responses that were more complete and more potent than non-replicating comparison viruses. (digiwire.co.in)
- As for replication competent viruses, they can easily be detected using qPCR, ensuring patient safety and regulatory compliance. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
RcAAV1
- Helper virus-dependent replication-competent AAV (rcAAV), also referred to as "wild-type" or "pseudo-wild-type" AAV, is an AAV capsid particle containing AAV rep and cap flanked by ITR. (nxtbook.com)
Latent reservoir1
- QVOAs performed on longitudinal samples from that time frame produced a consensus half-life of 4-5 years for the replication-competent latent reservoir 31 , 32 . (nature.com)
Infectious3
- Replication-competent smallpox vaccine consists of a live, infectious vaccinia virus that can be transmitted from the vaccine recipient to unvaccinated persons who have close contact with the inoculation site, or with exudate from the site. (cdc.gov)
- It does not indicate whether the DNA sequence is infectious or capable of helper-virus assisted replication. (nxtbook.com)
- a small fraction are "replication competent," or infectious. (positivelyaware.com)
Virus9
- he is infected with a CCR5/CXCR4 dual-tropic virus that is fully replication-competent in vitro. (irsicaixa.es)
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 replication but does not eradicate the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although antiretroviral therapy is able to suppress HIV replication in infected patients, the virus persists and rebounds when treatment is stopped. (biomedcentral.com)
- Bramson[12] endorsed that full immune response can be obtained from immunisation with a disease-causing virus modified to subject replication-essential genes to the control of a non-lethal heat-activated gene switch in the presence of a drug-like compound. (digiwire.co.in)
- The use of a highly heat-inducible heat shock protein gene (HSP) promoter to regulate the expression of replication-essential genes of a pathogenic virus is one possibility, representing perhaps the only possible solution available at this time. (digiwire.co.in)
- 14 had replication-competent virus isolated. (cdc.gov)
- Cure refers to the complete eradication of replication-competent virus. (avac.org)
- Remission is used to describe a person who does not rebound after treatment interruption and available tests indicate no replication-competent virus remains. (avac.org)
- There is no definitive test to confirm if all of replication-competent virus has been eliminated or reduced to a level where rebound will not happen. (avac.org)
Vaccines2
- After all, unlike the other vaccines currently in the pipeline, this one is alive and replication-competent. (thedailybeast.com)
- Moreover, live or replication component vaccines are contraindicated in transplant recipients [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Initiation1
Cells3
- Motile swarmer cells can not undergo DNA replication until they differentiate into stationary stalked cells. (csun.edu)
- Stalked cells are competent for DNA replication and cell division. (csun.edu)
- Recent studies proposed a role for cancer initiating cells (CICs), a small subset of replication-competent cells, in colon carcinogenesis. (lu.se)
Immune2
- As a replication-deficient vaccine, it can be used for vaccination of people 18 years and older with certain immune deficiencies or conditions, such as HIV or atopic dermatitis. (cdc.gov)
- In contrast, some studies have noted that solid organ transplant recipients achieve adaptive immune response similar to immune-competent individuals [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Infection2
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed ACAM2000® , (Smallpox [Vaccinia] Vaccine, Live), a replication-competent vaccine, for active immunization against smallpox disease in persons determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection. (cdc.gov)
- was also a source of persistent viremia on ART, begging the question of how the AMBI-1 clone can survive despite infection with a replication-competent, actively-expressing provirus. (frontiersin.org)
Patients1
- The presence of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 was investigated in 5 studies and found to be present in 6/17 (35%) patients. (cdc.gov)
Mechanism1
- Therefore, in the inoculation site region but not elsewhere, an appropriate control mechanism will need to be capable of activating replication. (digiwire.co.in)
Prevent1
- 2012. The Caulobacter crescentus ctrA P1 promoter is essential for the coordination of cell cycle events that prevent the overinitiation of DNA replication. (csun.edu)
Human1
- This paper is cited as reference #30 in the FDA's 2020 guidance on Testing of Retroviral Vector-Based Human Gene Therapy Products for Replication Competent Retrovirus During Product Manufacture and Patient Follow-up https://www.fda.gov/media/113790/download and was included in the original guidance issued. (sajjadiconsulting.com)
Block1
Retrovirus2
- Purpose: In an attempt to improve viral delivery of potentially therapeutic genes via an intravesical route, we have recently developed murine leukemia virus-based replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) vectors. (elsevierpure.com)
- Specifically, Dr. Beyer developed and qualified for FDA/cGMP acceptance a small-scale (single patient) production strategy and all required in-house Quality Control (QC) assays (sterility is outsourced to another laboratory): FACS assay to determine functional viral titer, co-culture assay with effector cells and target APCs, ELISAs to quantify IFNγ release and residual benzonase endonuclease, qPCR assays to quantify integrated copies, residual plasmid and (absence of) replication competent retrovirus. (cancer.gov)
Attenuated replication-competent virus1
- 17. Establishment of a novel foreign gene delivery system combining an HSV amplicon with an attenuated replication-competent virus, HSV-1 HF10. (nih.gov)
Adenovirus1
- Animals engrafted or injected with human cells or animal hosts that are permissive for adenovirus replication (e.g., cotton rat, hamster), may be approved at a higher containment level. (harvard.edu)
Vaccinia virus3
- Replication-competent smallpox vaccine consists of a live, infectious vaccinia virus that can be transmitted from the vaccine recipient to unvaccinated persons who have close contact with the inoculation site, or with exudate from the site. (cdc.gov)
- second generation (based on replication-competent vaccinia virus, e.g. (nih.gov)
- and third generation (based on replication-incompetent vaccinia virus, e.g. (nih.gov)
Vitro3
- he is infected with a CCR5/CXCR4 dual-tropic virus that is fully replication-competent in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
- Today I will tell you about two things: how HIV can infect mucosal macrophages and establish latency in vitro, and how replication-competent HIV reservoir form in macrophages of HIV-infected individual under suppressive cART. (nih.gov)
- 5. An HSV-1 amplicon system for prostate-specific expression of ICP4 to complement oncolytic viral replication for in vitro and in vivo treatment of prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Onset of symptoms2
- In approximately 95 percent of severely or critically ill patients (including some with severe immunocompromise), replication-competent virus was not present after 15 days following the onset of symptoms. (dssurgery.com)
- Further, the likelihood of recovering replication-competent virus also declines after onset of symptoms. (contemporaryclinic.com)
Lentivirus1
- This advancement maximally reduces the potential recombination events that could lead to undesirable replication of competent lentivirus (RCL) formation in patients. (biopharminternational.com)
Genome1
- Small circular pieces of DNA that are not part of a bacterial genome, but are capable of self-replication, are known as plasmids. (tutorialspoint.com)
Smallpox vaccine1
- The FDA has licensed JYNNEOS TM (also known by the brand names Imvamune and Imvanex), a replication-deficient smallpox vaccine, for the prevention of smallpox and monkeypox. (cdc.gov)
Genes2
- [ 10 ] As resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes of HIV-1 are correlated with ongoing viral replication, [ 18 ] this suggests that these viral strains may represent "archival" species soon after primary seroconversion. (medscape.com)
- The disruption of LVV genes required for competent viral replication have been eliminated, while the structural components required to assemble virus particles have been retained. (biopharminternational.com)
Oncolytic1
- 1. An oncolytic mutant of herpes simplex virus type-1 in which replication is governed by a promoter/enhancer of human papillomavirus type-16. (nih.gov)
Plasmid3
- Since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, it cannot pass through cell membranes, to force bacteria to take up the plasmid, the bacterial cells must first be made competent to take up DNA. (tutorialspoint.com)
- The pSoup plasmid carried by the cells is required for the replication of pGreen, 62SK, and pGs2 series plasmids. (goldbio.com)
- Transformation Efficiency (TE) is defined as the number of colony forming units (cfu) produced by transforming 1 µg of plasmid into a given volume of competent cells. (goldbio.com)
Viremia4
- While initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during primary HIV-1 infection occasionally results in transient control of viral replication after treatment interruption, the vast majority of patients eventually experience a rebound in plasma viremia. (biomedcentral.com)
- Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia. (nature.com)
- While ART has been successful in controlling viral replication, leading to undetectable viremia in patients, it does not affect latent virus integrated into host cell DNA. (nih.gov)
- Although ARV can suppress HIV-1 infection to undetectable levels of plasma viremia, integrated latent HIV-1 genomes that encode replication-competent virus persists primarily in resting CD4+ T cells. (nih.gov)
Populations3
- [ 12 ] Thus, it was also clear that further studies were necessary to analyze the potential for "cryptic" viral replication in these cell populations. (medscape.com)
- These five different populations of cells only become fully competent to "act as a committee" (talk to one another) in response to a viral vaccine if they receive adequate danger signals, and this is one of the major functions of adjuvants such as alum (aluminum salts) and/or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). (scienceblog.com)
- Additionally, one study of replication-competent persistent reservoirs in subtype C infection in Uganda demonstrated a smaller overall reservoir size as compared to individuals with subtype B infection in the U.S. These few studies indicate more research is needed to understand how HIV reservoir dynamics and immune control vary in diverse populations. (nih.gov)
Latent2
- Furthermore, these macrophages could be reactivated to produce viral particle upon stimulation by LPS that target specifically TLR4 on macrophages, suggest -- as you can see here in pink, suggesting that following mucosal entry, HIV not only infects macrophages, but also establishes a latent replication competent infection, which is the definition of an HIV reservoir. (nih.gov)
- These findings suggest, say the authors, that ART itself alters the host environment by suppressing viral replication to favor long-lived cells, some of which have latent HIV infection. (ajmc.com)
HAART3
- [ 15 ] In a short study by Poggi and colleagues, [ 16 ] suppressive HAART initiated before primary HIV-1 seroconversion was once again shown to be unable to halt the development of a replication-competent virus reservoir in CD4+ T lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
- Cite this: Ongoing HIV-1 Replication in Patients on Virally Suppressive HAART - Medscape - May 05, 2000. (medscape.com)
- However, some studies have suggested that rare individuals who are treated early in primary infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are able to control viral replication when therapy is discontinued. (biomedcentral.com)
ACAM20001
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed ACAM2000® , (Smallpox [Vaccinia] Vaccine, Live), a replication-competent vaccine, for active immunization against smallpox disease in persons determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine2
- As a replication-deficient vaccine, it can be used for vaccination of people 18 years and older with certain immune deficiencies or conditions, such as HIV or atopic dermatitis. (cdc.gov)
- VLPs are safe vaccine platforms as they lack any replication-competent genetic material, and are used since many years against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) and human papilloma virus (HPV). (eur.nl)
Proteins2
- Proline residues in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p6(Gag) exert a cell type-dependent effect on viral replication and virion incorporation of Pol proteins. (nih.gov)
- The structural organization of viral RNAs and proteins at such membrane-associated sites of RNA replication has been largely unknown. (elifesciences.org)
Detect2
- The lack of a reliable method to accurately detect when replication-competent HIV has been cleared is a major challenge in developing a cure. (nih.gov)
- This is because evidence indicates people who have had Covid-19 have immunity for at least 90 days, and because PCR testing may detect RNA that is not "replication-competent" - a false-positive test that would trigger an unnecessary quarantine. (reduceyourworkerscomp.com)
Propagation1
Virus was not2
- Replication-competent virus was not detected in any severely or critically ill patient beyond 20 days after symptom onset. (dssurgery.com)
- However, recovered patients can continue to have SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in their upper respiratory specimens for up to 12 weeks, even if the replication-competent virus was not isolated 3 weeks after symptom onset. (contemporaryclinic.com)
Synthesis1
Human1
- Productive replication of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is restricted to the uppermost layers of the differentiating epithelia. (utmb.edu)
Capable1
- A Vector is a small DNA molecule capable of self-replication and is used as a carrier and transporter of DNA fragments which is inserted into it for cloning experiments. (tutorialspoint.com)
Potential1
- Rationale: Studies suggest that the potential for shedding of replication competent virus (RCV) is low but not unfeasible. (harvard.edu)
Essential1
- We demonstrate that HPV31 regulates RRM2 levels through expression of E7 and activation of the ATR-Chk1-E2F1 DNA damage response, which is essential to combat replication stress upon entry into S-phase, as well as for productive replication. (utmb.edu)
Handle1
- handle/10665/39485, consulté en janvier 2021). (who.int)
Control1
- These results provide new mechanistic insights into positive-strand RNA virus replication compartment structure, assembly, function and control. (elifesciences.org)
Previously1
- We used cryo-electron tomography to reveal many previously unrecognized features of Flock house nodavirus (FHV) RNA replication compartments. (elifesciences.org)