• The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is controlled by various cytoplasmic proteins in order to assure quality control. (novusbio.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • CDT1 belongs to a family of replication proteins conserved from yeast to humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • To determine how Rad1-Rad10 catalyzes inter-strand crosslink repair (ICLR), we examined sensitivity to ICLs from yeast deleted for SAW1 and SLX4, which encode proteins that interact physically with Rad1-Rad10 and bind stalled replication forks. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate the dynamic changes in chromatin organization at and surrounding replication origins, we used micrococcal nuclease (MNase) to generate genome-wide chromatin occupancy profiles of nucleosomes, transcription factors, and replication proteins through consecutive cell cycles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (duke.edu)
  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a group of proteins involved with every cell division event in our cells. (cshl.edu)
  • In the mammalian genome, this group of proteins assembles at tens of thousands of sites all at once, ensuring each chromosome is copied precisely once per cell division. (cshl.edu)
  • T-antigen hijacks other proteins from the infected cell to replicate the virus genome. (cshl.edu)
  • Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • The ORC complex proteins are kept near each other in liquid compartments in the nucleus and recruit proteins such as CDC6 and other proteins that control when to commit the cell to divide. (cshl.edu)
  • Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)
  • Here, we show that Claspin associates with several core replication fork proteins in Xenopus egg extracts. (caltech.edu)
  • We identified a replication fork-interacting domain on Claspin that associates with the replication fork proteins and is required for Claspin association with chromatin. (caltech.edu)
  • CBP and p300 are large nuclear proteins that bind to many sequence-specific factors involved in cell growth and/or differentiation, including c-jun and the adenoviral oncoprotein E1A. (novusbio.com)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Dmt localizes to regions of tightly packed chromatin through interactions with other proteins to launch cohesion, and protects cohesion at other cell cycle timepoints by binding different proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Total cell lysates (15 µg total protein) from A431, SH-SY5Y, MCF-7 (reduced expression control), and NIH3T3 cells were resolved by 4-12% Bis-Tris gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, and probed with 0.5 µg/mL (1:1000 dilution) Purified anti-EG5 Antibody, clone 10C7, overnight at 4°C. Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence detection using HRP goat anti-mouse IgG Antibody (Cat. (biolegend.com)
  • Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. (nih.gov)
  • We found that 5-ASA at concentrations between 10 and 40 mmol/L affects cell cycle progression by inducing cells to accumulate in the S phase. (nih.gov)
  • Investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality, we reveal that CHK1 inhibition in IGF-1R depleted or inhibited cells further downregulated RRM2, reduced dNTP supply and profoundly delayed replication fork progression. (nature.com)
  • Chk1 facilitates the arrest of cell cycle progression and the inhibition of replication origin firing. (caltech.edu)
  • Dr. Shen's research has been focused on the roles for cell growth signaling pathways (including RAS-MAPK and PI3K-mTOR) in the regulation of cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair. (cityofhope.org)
  • As PKC-3 is frequently mutated in human cancers, how this factor controls cell proliferation may be important to understand tumour progression. (eur.nl)
  • We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
  • Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
  • Interestingly, compared with A549 cells, C1632 possesses the exact same and even better anti-migration and anti-proliferation effects on A549R cells, regardless of drug resistance. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • On the other hand, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors could only be utilized to get a little minority of NSCLC sufferers with gene alterations.15 Consequently, the all round remedy and survival prices of NSCLC remain low.1,16 Therefore, continued analysis into new smaller molecule inhibitors that considerably suppress NSCLC cell motility and invasiveness too as proliferation is preferred. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • Alkylating chemotherapy agents inhibit cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Antimetabolite antineoplastic agents inhibit cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Antimicrotubular antineoplastic agents prevent cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies that bind the programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, to the PD-1 receptor found on T cells, inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. (medscape.com)
  • During metazoan development, the cell cycle is remodelled to coordinate proliferation with differentiation. (eur.nl)
  • For the first time we show that, PKC-3, a key component of the machinery that determines the front (anterior) from the back (posterior) of the embryo directly controls SLD-2 distribution, which might explain how the polarisation of the embryo causes changes in the proliferation of different cell lineages. (eur.nl)
  • Our results show a novel role for DDX5 in cancer cell proliferation and suggest DDX5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has been shown that inflammation caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the occurrence and development of AS [ 1 ], which can promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, proliferation, and transformation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Загальні відомості про злоякісні новоутворення Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
  • ORC1 and CDC6 levels fluctuate during the cell cycle. (cshl.edu)
  • CDC6 then binds to ORC1, bringing the other molecules along, allowing replication to begin. (cshl.edu)
  • Tightly-controlled feedback loops between ORC1, CDC6, and a number of other molecules regulate the timing of replication. (cshl.edu)
  • The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (nature.com)
  • The ORC-Cdc6 complex (product 1) assembles in step 1 around origin DNA and with the help of another replication initiator protein, Cdt1, it recruits the Mcm2-7 hexamer to the origin in step 2. (nature.com)
  • CDT1 (Chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDT1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Cell-Cycle-Dependent Chromatin Dynamics at Replication Origins. (duke.edu)
  • Finally, we observed nucleosome disruption and disorganization emanating from replication origins and traveling with the elongating replication forks across the genome in S phase, likely reflecting the disassembly and assembly of chromatin ahead of and behind the replication fork, respectively. (duke.edu)
  • These results provide insights into cell-cycle-regulated chromatin dynamics and how they relate to the regulation of origin activity. (duke.edu)
  • Consistent with this, the binary nuclear compartments defined by chromatin spatial proximity maps, align precisely with the replication-timing program. (fsu.edu)
  • Genome-wide analysis of replication domains revealed that they are indeed stable structural units corresponding to Topologically-Associating Domains (TADs) defined by Hi-C. Next we showed that the interphase chromatin structure consisting of TADs and their long-range contacts are established during early G1 coincident with the establishment of the replication-timing program. (fsu.edu)
  • In G2 phase, the replication timing-program is lost while inter-phase chromatin structure acquired in early G1 was retained. (fsu.edu)
  • This shows that interphase chromatin structure is not sufficient to dictate RT and lead us to hypothesize that the chromatin structure set-up during early G1 may act as a scaffold to seed the assembly of some factor capable of setting replication initiation thresholds. (fsu.edu)
  • In summary, the work descried in this thesis uncovers a model where replication-timing is regulated at the unit of chromatin structure called TADs, which are generally stable across cell-types, but the compartment that they reside in corresponds to the time of their replication. (fsu.edu)
  • Interphase chromatin structure is established along with the establishment of RT and may act as scaffold for replication regulation factors like Rif1. (fsu.edu)
  • Finally, replication timing and its association with chromatin structure are highly conserved and are observed even at the single chromosome level. (fsu.edu)
  • Accumulation of Drf1 on chromatin in the presence of replication blocks is dependent upon ATR and Claspin but not Chk1. (caltech.edu)
  • Nagoya University researchers labeled the Dmt protein with a green fluorescent tag, then used live cell imaging to show that it localizes to the joining point of tightly packed chromatin in Drosophila cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Therefore, NPAT could be the link between cell cycle machinery and shared heightened transcription of histone genes during S phase. (news-medical.net)
  • Two such fundamental processes that keep the wheels of life turning are Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • However, as similar as they may appear to those newly introduced to these concepts, replication and transcription have unique roles to play in cellular activity. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • This interplay forms the foundation of processes like Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • These findings suggest a scenario where collisions between DNA replication and transcription are frequent, leading to increased genetic variability, as seen by the increase SNP levels at chromosome subtelomeres and in DGF-1 genes containing putative origins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collision between replication and transcription is considered especially problematic, as each are catalyzed by large multiprotein machines, and can occur co-directionally, when the replication fork and transcription machinery are moving in the same direction, or on the leading strand and is head-on, when the fork and transcription are moving towards each other. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein is likely to be involved in the response to DNA damage during replication, as well as in the replication and transcription processes. (medscape.com)
  • The VP1- coding sequence required for EV71 genome replication was assayed with qRT- PCR . (bvsalud.org)
  • The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • Genome replication is responsible for accurate transmission of genetic information through cell division cycles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Replication Timing (RT) is a stable epigenetic property that is cell type specific and is extensively regulated during differentiation in units that range from 400-800kb called replication domains. (fsu.edu)
  • But the dynamics of this relationship during differentiation and cell cycle have been poorly understood. (fsu.edu)
  • To this end, we first showed that there is a coordinated switch in nuclear compartment along with a switch in replication timing during differentiation. (fsu.edu)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cancer stem cells are a selective clonal subset of tumour cells that have avoided various cell regulatory mechanisms, including terminal differentiation, and yet have retained the self-renewal properties and proliferative potential of adult stem cells. (who.int)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After origin firing, bidirectional replication forks travel until they reach termination sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • WS have been classified is a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases implicated in the resolution of DNA structures leading to the stall of replication forks. (medscape.com)
  • Our data demonstrate that 5-ASA causes cells to reversibly accumulate in S phase and activate an ATR-dependent checkpoint. (nih.gov)
  • The activation of replication checkpoint may slow down DNA replication and improve DNA replication fidelity, which increases the maintenance of genomic stability and counteracts carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The integrity of DNA replication control and checkpoint mechanisms is essential for preventing tumorigenesis. (caltech.edu)
  • Genotoxic stress which specifically affects cells in S-phase is detected by the replication checkpoint. (caltech.edu)
  • We recently reported that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) slows DNA replication and induces replication stress by downregulating the regulatory subunit RRM2 of ribonucleotide reductase, perturbing deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) supply. (nature.com)
  • Co-inhibition of IGF and CHK1 caused synergistic suppression of cell viability, cell survival and tumour growth in 2D cell culture, 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Given the high frequency of DDX5 amplification in breast cancer, our results highlight DDX5 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of breast tumors with DDX5 amplification, and indeed we show that DDX5 inhibition sensitizes a subset of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Other bioflavonoids, including daidzein, naringin and hesperetin showed minimal to no significant inhibition of DENV-2 virus replication. (who.int)
  • This group of flavonoids, flavonol, could be investigated further to discover the common mechanisms of inhibition of dengue virus replication. (who.int)
  • The activity of CDT1 during the cell cycle is tightly regulated during the S phase by the protein geminin, which inhibits it, and by SCFSKP2, which ubiquinates the protein to tag it for proteasomal degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of orthologs in other species include: S. pombe - CDT1 (CDC10-dependent transcript 1) Drosophila melanogaster - 'double parked' or Dup Xenopus laevis - CDT1 DNA replication factor CDT1 has been shown to interact with SKP2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • In the assembly of pre-RCs, origin recognition complexes (ORC1-6) recognize and bind to DNA replication origins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Origins of DNA replication are specified by the ordered recruitment of replication factors in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. (duke.edu)
  • The results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a critical biochemical step in the licensing of eukaryotic replication origins. (nature.com)
  • In all other eukaryotes, clear consensus sequences for origins are elusive, perhaps indicating there are no cis elements to initiate replication in most of these cells and organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, when cells reach S-phase, a set of enzymatic and regulatory factors activate some, but not all, origins, which are differently used depending on the cell types and stages of development, and even in different cells of the same population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the usage, origins have been classified as constitutive (fired at same position in different cells of a population), flexible (fired stochastically in different cells) and dormant (fired as consequence of replication stress) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cellular cycle of eukaryotic cells consists of four phases: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase and M phase. (novusbio.com)
  • Cells increase in size during G1 phase, which is followed by DNA replication in S phase. (novusbio.com)
  • When cells are not actively dividing they are considered to be in a state of quiescence, known as the G0 phase. (novusbio.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a key licensing factor in the assembly of pre-replication complexes (pre-RC), which occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • We propose that Rad1-Rad10 makes distinct contributions to ICLR depending on cell cycle phase: in G1, Rad1-Rad10 removes ICL via NER, whereas in S/G2, Rad1-Rad10 facilitates NER-independent replication-coupled ICLR. (nih.gov)
  • Upregulation of histone gene expression is one of the hallmarks of entry into the cell cycle's S phase. (news-medical.net)
  • However, most of the vertebrate histone genes are replication dependent and are therefore more highly expressed during the cell cycle's S phase. (news-medical.net)
  • Given that the replication dependent histone genes all activate upon entry into the S phase, it is speculated that there exists some further upstream regulatory element. (news-medical.net)
  • This process is assumed to be under the control of the cell cycle, because of how closely linked to the S phase histone synthesis is. (news-medical.net)
  • Entry into the S phase in animal cells is regulated to a large extent by the cyclin E-CDK2 kinase complex. (news-medical.net)
  • Cyclin E-CDK2 is also needed for the DNA replication and centrosome duplication events in S phase. (news-medical.net)
  • During each G1 phase of two consecutive cell cycles, we observed the downstream repositioning of the origin-proximal +1 nucleosome and an increase in protected DNA fragments spanning the ARS consensus sequence (ACS) indicative of pre-RC assembly. (duke.edu)
  • Furthermore, rheum emodin treatment markedly diminished cell cycle arrest at S phase in MRC5 cells , which was induced by EV71 infection and favored the viral replication . (bvsalud.org)
  • It acts in the S phase of the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are important for regulating S-phase length in many metazoa, and here we show in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that an essential function of CDKs during early embryogenesis is to regulate the interactions between three replication initiation factors SLD-3, SLD-2 and MUS-101 (Dpb11/ TopBP1). (eur.nl)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Initial exponential tumor growth is followed by a plateau phase when cell death nearly equals the rate of formation of daughter cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some drugs work only during a specific phase of the cell cycle, requiring prolonged administration to catch dividing cells during the phase of maximal sensitivity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • This typically occurs during DNA replication, and in vertebrates requires the cohesin-associating protein sororin. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The replication cycle of HIV occurs exclusively within infected cells, although HIV may also be found extracellularly when new progeny viruses are released from the cell by budding. (cdc.gov)
  • LIN28, which can be an RNA-binding protein consisting of LIN28A and LIN28B,17 is definitely an important regulator of miRNAs and mRNAs.18,19 LIN28 regulates not simply the translation of mRNAs that play a important function in cell growth and metabolism but also the biogenesis of miRNAs. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • The replication independent histone genes are transcribed at a relatively constant low rate, regardless of cell cycle stage. (news-medical.net)
  • Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, replication ensures that genetic information stays consistent and the life story written in our genes continues for another generation. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Mutations/deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, but when combined in the same cell results in a more severe fitness defect or lethality under a given condition. (thebiogrid.org)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
  • Theories of drug development, including identification of genes for diagnostics, protein and drug interactions, models for 'knock-out' and 'knock-down' of genes, gene therapy, cancer and stem cell biology, as well as clinical assessment. (lu.se)
  • In a field like cell biology, everyone now has a clear picture of how the cell cycle is driven. (edge.org)
  • After being promoted to Senior Investigator, he moved to Singapore where he worked at the Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB/A*STAR/National University of Singapore). (lu.se)
  • Dr. Shen's long-term goals is to elucidate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and find better therapies for the aggressive and hard-to-treat tumors, such as pancreatic and lung cancers, by exploring the genetic and epigenetic alterations of cancer cells. (cityofhope.org)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Evidence was recently presented of a crucial role for a helicase in protecting cells against chromosome breakage at normally occurring replication fork-stalling sites. (medscape.com)
  • Exogenous RRM2 expression rescued hallmarks of replication stress induced by co-inhibiting IGF with CHK1 or WEE1, identifying RRM2 as a critical target of the functional IGF:CHK1 and IGF:WEE1 interactions. (nature.com)
  • Skin fibroblasts in WS patients demonstrate characteristics of cells in conditions of stress with slow growth rates, an elongated cell cycle, and an altered morphology that suggests stress-induced premature senescence transduced in part by the p38α MAP kinase signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • The cell cycle consists of four phases (G1, S, G2 and M), all of which are characterized by different factors. (news-medical.net)
  • Individual unsynchronized cells from three different cell lines were collected in different cell cycle phases (G0/G1 - S - G2/M) with variable cell sizes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Replication, in the world of genetics, is a mesmerizing process through which a cell makes an exact copy or, to draw a more precise picture - duplicates its DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • Researchers have visualized the structure of this complex, dissected its mechanisms in starting DNA replication, and discovered other roles the ORC plays. (cshl.edu)
  • Developmental cues cause dramatic changes in the number and timing of replication initiation events, but the mechanisms and physiological importance of such changes are poorly understood. (eur.nl)
  • Only by further elucidating the control mechanisms of bacterial cell division can we advance the development of new antimicrobial compounds. (csun.edu)
  • This is consistent with a model of replication timing regulation where the timing is the outcome of stochastic origin firing and is not affected by the precise environment within a cell. (fsu.edu)
  • The origin recognition complex (too small to be seen in this picture) is responsible for coordinating many parts of this DNA replication process. (cshl.edu)
  • Origin recognition complexes (ORCs) initiate the task of DNA replication throughout an entire genome in a controlled, temporal pattern. (cshl.edu)
  • As originally proposed in 1963, cells rely on two genetic elements to duplicate their genome: the replicator, a DNA region where replication begins (now named the replication origin), and the initiator, a protein or a protein complex that recognizes the replicator [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, we explored the conservation of replication timing at single cell level that revealed a highly conserved yet stochastic regulation of replication timing. (fsu.edu)
  • Cellular replication is an essential process by which a single-celled organism develops into a multicelluar being. (novusbio.com)
  • This study explains an essential function of CDKs for replication initiation in a metazoan and provides the first direct molecular mechanism through which polarization of the embryo is coordinated with DNA replication initiation factors. (eur.nl)
  • Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. (nih.gov)
  • PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • The course plot for the saga of replication involves an array of characters, including enzymes like DNA polymerase, working tirelessly as diligent scribes, replicating each chapter accurately from the DNA template. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • At certain stages of the cell cycle, these chromatids pair and are held together in a process known as cohesion, which involves the cohesin protein. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It was also observed that regions of the genome that switch replication timing and nuclear compartment continue to maintain their structural boundaries. (fsu.edu)
  • We characterized Xenopus Claspin as a kinase substrate of DDK which forms a stable nuclear complex with Cdc7 and Drf1 under both arrested and unperturbed replication conditions. (caltech.edu)
  • MCM2 (also called CDCL1, mitotin and BM28), is a human nuclear protein that is crucial in the cell cycle, being involved in the onset of DNA replication and cell division. (thermofisher.com)
  • Antígeno nuclear que juega un papel en la síntesis y reparación del ADN, y en la progresión del ciclo celular. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several of these processes change during the cell cycle, but unlike transcriptional changes, the post-translational changes occur throughout the cell cycle. (news-medical.net)
  • The Flores Kim lab studies how bacteria build their cell envelopes and how antimicrobials disrupt these processes. (umassmed.edu)
  • DNA is copied, in a process called replication, so that a cell's DNA can be passed on to its daughter cells. (weegy.com)
  • Rheum emodin inhibits enterovirus 71 viral replication and affects the host cell cycle environment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rheum emodin (29.6 µmol/L) effectively protected MRC5 cells from EV71-induced cytopathic effects, which resulted from the inhibiting viral replication rheum emodin treatment decreased viral genomic levels by 5.34-fold, viral protein expression by less than 30-fold and EV71 virulence by 0.33107-fold. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among the three natural compounds tested, rheum emodin effectively suppressed EV71 viral replication , thus is a candidate anti-HFMD drug . (bvsalud.org)
  • The virus is engulfed by endocytosis and the viral and cell membranes fuse, releasing the viral RNA (yellow string) which directs the production of new virus particles (viral replication) and so completes the viral life cycle. (rkm.com.au)
  • HIV preferentially infects and replicates in cells expressing the CD4 molecule, the ligand for viral attachment and subsequent cell entry (1). (cdc.gov)
  • This study provides a comprehensive network model of IAV infection in human cells, identifying functional host targets for pan-viral HDT. (cdc.gov)
  • To identify whether and how hyperglycemia may compromise the endothelial barrier, we have employed an in vitro system of human endothelial cells obtained from umbilical veins and cultured in elevated glucose concentrations (20 mM). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Human lung fibroblast cell line MRC5 was mock-infected or infected with EV71, and treated with drugs . (bvsalud.org)
  • LCL161, a SMAC-mimetic, Preferentially Radiosensitizes Human Papillomavirus-negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (cityofhope.org)
  • We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Animation of a coronavirus (COVID-19) particle (virion) attaching to ACE2 receptors (purplish tree-like clumps) on the surface (green) of a human cell. (rkm.com.au)
  • The human body has nearly 1013 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)
  • Philipp was trained as a hard-core biochemist and in his own lab uses extensively genetically modified mice to study cell cycle regulation and human disease. (lu.se)
  • 2015. Versatility of global transcriptional regulators in alpha-Proteobacteria: from essential cell cycle control to ancillary functions. (csun.edu)
  • Simple organisms such as the budding yeast carry only one shugoshin gene, while more complex vertebrates have two that function separately in different types of cell division," corresponding author Tomoko Nishiyama says. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Replication blockages activate the ATR kinase which, in turn, activates the downstream effector kinase Chk1 through the mediator protein, Claspin. (caltech.edu)
  • Claspin has two broadly defined roles, one to mediate Chk1 activation and the other as a component of the replication fork. (caltech.edu)
  • Thus, the localization of Claspin to the replication fork is not required for mediation of Chk1 activation but it does potentiate this process. (caltech.edu)
  • Deregulation of AKT-mTOR signaling contributes to chemoradiation resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma. (cityofhope.org)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
  • A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell division and DNA replication are crucial parts of life. (cshl.edu)
  • In this picture, cells are in various stages of cell growth and division. (cshl.edu)
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) President and CEO Bruce Stillman and other CSHL scientists have been working for decades to understand the intricacies of ORC, DNA replication, and cell division. (cshl.edu)
  • The dynamic regions are most likely essential for regulating and coordinating cell division in a multicellular organism. (cshl.edu)
  • To replicate the genome once and only once per cell division, there are many feedback loops, checks, and balances. (cshl.edu)
  • The magic of it all unfolds right before cell division begins. (aboutdarwin.com)
  • There are several different molecular influences acting on this complex of cyclin and Cdk which is what actually triggers off the cell division. (edge.org)
  • A dual role for Dmt was identified in that it also protects cohesion, thus allowing it to persist during cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Its asymmetric cell division results in one swarmer and one stalked cell progeny. (csun.edu)
  • Stalked cells are competent for DNA replication and cell division. (csun.edu)
  • During cell division, a flagellum is placed at the pole opposite that of the stalk. (csun.edu)
  • As a result of this carefully orchestrated process, a flagellum is synthesized only when needed (just prior to cell division) and is placed at the pole opposite that of the stalk. (csun.edu)
  • Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Research has identified a double function for the Drosophila Dmt protein in both establishing and maintaining cohesion whereby identical chromatids pair during DNA replication. (sciencedaily.com)