Replication and gene expression. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this review, we compile recent information on each of the aforementioned processes-translation, transcription, replication and recombination-and discuss the significance of the results. (uky.edu)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
ASXL1 MT are further associated with de novo accessibility of distal enhancers binding ETS transcription factors, targeting important leukemogenic driver genes. (nature.com)
Type I IFN production is tightly controlled at the gene expression level in a highly ordered process regulated by multiple transcription factors ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
We examine the impact that processes such as transcription and replication have on genome stability. (birmingham.ac.uk)
This book, written by James Wang, the discoverer of the first topoisomerase and a leader in the field since, presents ten chapters covering the historical backdrop of the DNA entanglement problem and the discovery of the DNA topoisomerases, how DNA topoisomerases perform their magic in DNA replication, transcription, genetic recombination and chromosome condensation, and how they are targets of therapeutic agents. (cshlpress.com)
E1 protein has helicase activity for replication, and E2 encodes DNA-binding protein for regulation of transcription. (medscape.com)

This course introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in the storage and expression of genetic information in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (edu.au)
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene, resulting in production of a truncated farnesylated-prelamin A protein (progerin). (nih.gov)
Problems that arise during DNA replication can drive genomic alterations that are instrumental in the development of cancers and many human genetic disorders. (elifesciences.org)
In glioma cell lines and glioma-stem-like cells, HDAC6 inhibition (HDAC6i) by either pharmacologic or genetic means substantially increased replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV). (jci.org)
At the same time, researchers described the making of a "genetic clock," which involves placing genes in a particular order so that they'll be turned on at a specific time. (sciencedaily.com)
It's not quite the 'smart gene' but researchers have identified a small number of genetic markers associated with educational attainment. (abc.net.au)
The genotype (or genome) is a person's unique combination of genes or genetic makeup. (msdmanuals.com)
These results suggest that genetic variations in TNF, TGFB1, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes contribute to DA susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
The pathogenesis of hairy leukoplakia is clearly complex, potentially requiring a convergence of factors including EBV co-infection, productive EBV replication, EBV genetic evolution, expression of specific EBV "latent" genes, and immune escape. (medscape.com)

First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)
Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)
Although it has been recognized for several decades that chromosome structure regulates the capacity of replication origins to initiate, very little is known about how or if cells actively regulate structure to direct initiation. (nih.gov)
We report that a localized inducible protein tether between the chromosome and cell membrane in E. coli cells imparts a rapid and complete block to replication initiation. (nih.gov)
Parallels between tether-induced initiation blocking and rifampicin treatment and the role of programmed changes in chromosome structure in replication control are discussed. (nih.gov)
A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Right now, all of our understanding of gene regulation is largely based on the assumption of freely moving proteins that find DNA and whose accessibility is only regulated by the blocking of that movement. (ualberta.ca)
L genes encode viral capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
E proteins made by the viral genome promote the activation of host DNA replication mechanisms that can then be used by the virus during its own replication. (medscape.com)
This overview considers these technologies and how they have been used to identify novel viral and plant proteins or genes involved in disease and resistance responses, as well as defense signaling. (springer.com)
These approaches include analysis of spatial and temporal responses by plants to infection, and techniques that allow the expression of viral genes transiently or transgenically in planta, the expression of plant and foreign genes from virus vectors, the silencing of plants genes, imaging of live, infected cells, and the detection of interactions between viral proteins and plant gene products, both in planta and in various in vitro or in vivo systems. (springer.com)
Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins or RNA for which they code. (msdmanuals.com)
Disruption of E1 and E2 allows for dysregulated downstream genes and the expression of E6 and E7 proteins, which are selectively maintained in virally induced tumors. (medscape.com)

Human immunodeficiency disease-1 (HIV-1) replication and gene expression entails specific interaction of the viral protein Tat with its transactivation responsive element (TAR) to form a highly stable stem-bulge-loop structure. (opioid-receptors.com)
Bacteriophage fd gene II-protein. (mpg.de)
This gene provides instructions for making the lamin B1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene appears to be multifunctional. (nih.gov)
Together with PCBP-1, this protein also functions as a translational coactivator of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES, promoting poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. (nih.gov)
16. Knorr, D.A. and Dawson, W.O. (1988) A point mutation in the tobacco mosaic capsid protein gene induces hypersensitivity in Nicotiana sylvestris . (springer.com)
Theories of drug development, including identification of genes for diagnostics, protein and drug interactions, models for 'knock-out' and 'knock-down' of genes, gene therapy, cancer and stem cell biology, as well as clinical assessment. (lu.se)
Similarly, dsRNA administration evoked an upregulation of MDA5 and RIG-I gene and protein expression in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J, but not C57Bl/6N, mice. (lu.se)
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
Whole exome sequencing of patients who experienced severe influenza reveals several genes, including scaffold protein AHNAK, with predicted loss-of-function variants that are also identified in our proteomic analyses. (cdc.gov)
Loss of expression of the respec- rectal cancers [4,5] and is known to tive mismatch repair genes protein arise due to mutations in DNA mis- Tissue blocks of 32 different patients was defined as absence of nuclear match repair genes [6]. (who.int)

However it was demonstrated that when indicated endogenously in HeLa cells the RNA aptamer R06 was able to inhibit HIV replication [22] highlighting the antiviral potential of nuclease resistant molecules that identify the TAR loop through both their main sequence and their tertiary structure. (opioid-receptors.com)
Fig. 2: Mutations at the interface of the FluPol A dimer inhibit cRNA to vRNA replication. (nature.com)
Wolbachia bacteria inhibit dengue virus replication by hijacking gene expression in mosquitoes, Australian researchers have found. (abc.net.au)

ADLD is caused by mutations in the LMNB1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
We are investigating the impact of specific classes of gene mutations, such as ATM, BRCA1, and MYBL2 on genome integrity. (birmingham.ac.uk)

We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Chromatin remodeling of promoters and enhancers is strongly associated with gene expression and heterogenous among overexpressed genes. (nature.com)
The researchers reasoned that the method could be used to regulate an entire suite of genes and promoters, and tested their idea using a previously constructed circuit to produce sustained cycling of DNA plasmid concentration across a colony of E. coli cells. (sciencedaily.com)

Therefore molecules that can bind to the bulge or the loop of TAR are of great restorative interest since disruption of the ternary complex formation prospects to abortive mRNA synthesis and consequently to inhibition of viral replication. (opioid-receptors.com)
This multiexon structural mRNA is thought to be retrotransposed to generate PCBP-1, an intronless gene with functions similar to that of PCBP2. (nih.gov)
vated mRNA expression. (lu.se)

Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)
Impaired control of Interferon-Responding Genes (IRGs) expression by their regulatory mechanisms, including Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), may underlie these findings and it may explain the heterogeneity observed among these conditions. (frontiersin.org)
Our research is defining the normal mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, with the aim of understanding how it is deregulated in cancer cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)

In this study, the XPA mislocalization to DSBs occurred at stalled or collapsed replication forks, concurrent with a significant loss of PCNA at the forks, whereas PCNA efficiently bound to progerin. (nih.gov)
This PCNA sequestration likely exposed ds-ssDNA junctions at replication forks for XPA binding. (nih.gov)
Depletion of XPA or progerin each significantly restored PCNA at replication forks. (nih.gov)
Our results suggest that although PCNA is much more competitive than XPA in binding replication forks, PCNA sequestration by progerin may shift the equilibrium to favor XPA binding. (nih.gov)
Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)
Tether-induced initiation blocking has no effect on elongation at pre-existing replication forks and does not cause cell or DNA damage. (nih.gov)

This so-called recombination-dependent replication (RDR) helps ensure that DNA is fully replicated prior to sister chromatid segregation, thereby avoiding mitotic catastrophes. (elifesciences.org)

The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)

These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)

3. Davies, J.W. and Hull, R. (1982) Genome expression of plant positive-strand RNA viruses. (springer.com)
DNA viruses such as herpesvirus and poxvirus have multiple genes, some of them host-derived, which interfere with effective innate or acquired immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
Here, we found that ISG15 restricts Dengue and Zika viruses ' replication through the stabilization of its binding partner USP18. (bvsalud.org)

ISG15/USP18/STAT2 is a molecular hub regulating IFN I-mediated control of Dengue and Zika virus replication. (bvsalud.org)

We use a combination of cell-based and in vitro assays to show that the interface of the FluPol A dimer is required for vRNA synthesis during replication of the viral genome. (nature.com)

In molecular biology, the Norovirus cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Norovirus. (wikipedia.org)
It occurs near to the 5′ end of the RNA dependant RNA polymerase gene, this is the same location that the Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element is found in. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, the development of an in vitro system to study viral RNA synthesis has allowed for dissection of some of the steps involved in the replication process. (uky.edu)
We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
Replication may be categorized into immediate early, delayed early, and late gene expression based on time of synthesis after infection. (medscape.com)

Humans have about 20,000 to 23,000 genes. (msdmanuals.com)

This module provides an up to date understanding of how fundamental research in bacterial cell biology helps to elucidate central biological questions such as the control and regulation of cell division and of gene expression in bacteria. (ncl.ac.uk)
A new method for controlling gene expression across bacterial colonies has been invented by researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have invented a new method for controlling gene expression across bacterial colonies. (sciencedaily.com)
The circuit works by using a small molecule, known as AHL, to coordinate gene expression across a colony of bacterial cells. (sciencedaily.com)

This article extends our understanding of the molecular complexity of MCI through gene expression profiling of blood. (cdc.gov)

We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)

Fig. 4: Nb8205, which binds FluPol A at the dimer interface, inhibits cRNA to vRNA replication and virus growth. (nature.com)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)

bioethanol, pathogenesis and expression of human hormones. (lu.se)

Cluster analysis identified 3 gene expression signatures on the basis of IRF4 and IRGs expression which were differentially used by SLE and RA patients. (frontiersin.org)
Results: Comparing the transcriptomic signatures across seven major cell subpopulations, the largest differences were observed in monocytes in which 226 genes were differentially expressed. (cdc.gov)

Signaling through the type I IFN pathway leads to an increased expression of several IFN-responding genes (IRGs). (frontiersin.org)

Publicly available datasets were used for replication. (frontiersin.org)
The differential expression of IRF4 in RA was then confirmed in publicly available gene expression datasets. (frontiersin.org)

Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
B ) Replication of rQNestin34.5 (MOI of 0.1) in tubacin-treated (dashed line) and control U251 cells (solid line). (jci.org)
ISG15 expression was necessary to control DV replication driven by both autocrine and paracrine type one interferon (IFN-I) signaling. (bvsalud.org)

Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
14. Gowda, S., Wu, F.C., Scholthof, H.B., and Shepherd, R.J. (1989) Gene VI of figwort mosaic virus (caulimovirus group) functions in posttranscriptional expression of genes on the fulllength RNA transcript. (springer.com)

We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
stability markers (repair genes hMSH2 mogen. (who.int)

Whether and how a gene is expressed is determined by a complex interaction of multiple factors including genotype, gene expression, environmental factors (including illnesses and diet), and other factors, some of which are unknown. (msdmanuals.com)

Replication fork barriers are a commonly encountered problem, which can cause fork collapse and act as hotspots for replication termination. (elifesciences.org)

We recently discovered new ways the BRCA1 gene functions which could help expand our understanding of the development of ovarian and breast cancers. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Gene expression patterns, assayed by RNA sequencing, show that tethering induces global supercoiling changes, which are likely incompatible with replication initiation. (nih.gov)

In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)

In this report, the effects are assessed of two well-characterized antimicrobial amphipathic peptides (melittin and cecropin) on human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and gene expression in acutely infected cells at subtoxic concentrations. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Our results add a novel layer of complexity in the virus /host interaction interface and suggest that NS5 has a narrow window of opportunity to degrade STAT2, therefore suppressing host's IFN-I mediated response and promoting virus replication . (bvsalud.org)
In in vivo mouse models, synthetic dsRNA can be used as a surrogate for ssRNA virus replication. (lu.se)
et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)

Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, we demonstrated that progerin-induced apoptosis could be rescued by XPA, suggesting that XPA-replication fork binding may prevent apoptosis in HGPS cells. (nih.gov)
Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
HIV LTR activity was also reduced in human cells stably transfected with retroviral expression plasmids for the melittin or cecropin gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
As OVs enter tumor cells, intrinsic host defenses have the potential to hinder viral replication and spread within the tumor mass. (jci.org)
Together, these findings illustrate a mechanism of glioma cell defense against an incoming infection by oHSV and identify possible approaches to enhance oHSV replication and subsequent lysis of tumor cells. (jci.org)
A ) Bioluminescence (measured as RLU) assay was performed 24 hours after infection with a replication-defective HSV-1 encoding a Fluc cDNA of U251 cells (MOI of 3). (jci.org)
Because AHL is small enough to diffuse between cells and turn on the promoter in neighboring cells, the genes activated by it would also be produced in high amounts, leading to a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. (sciencedaily.com)
By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)

Transient transfection assays with HIV long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven reporter gene plasmids indicated that melittin has a direct suppressive effect on activity of the HIV LTR. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Once on, the genes driven by the promoter are also activated, including the AHL-producing gene itself. (sciencedaily.com)

A group of enzymes called DNA topoisomerases solve this problem by breaking and rejoining DNA molecules in a controlled manner, thereby allowing strands to be passed through each other and thus untangled not just during DNA replication, but also during many other basic cellular processes. (cshlpress.com)

While each DNA blueprint, or gene, encodes for a different machine or structure, the genome, the collection of DNA wrapped up inside the nucleus, is much more active than a quiet library of neatly stacked blue-prints. (birmingham.ac.uk)

In her current position as a biologist, her focus on human DNA polymerases continues and expands towards studying genome-wide gene expression changes in yeast strains. (nih.gov)

Understanding factors required for DNA replication will enrich our knowledge of this important process and potentially identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited in cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the status of 2 major microsatellite instability markers (repair genes hMSH2 and hMSH6 ) in colorectal cancer cases operated at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2007 and 2009. (who.int)

We previously reported that XPA mislocalized to the progerin-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites, blocking DSB repair, which led to DSB accumulation, DNA damage responses, and early replication arrest in HGPS. (nih.gov)

In the present study we aimed to evaluate the associations between IRF4 gene expression and those of IRGs in SLE and RA patients to gain insight about its links with the IFN signature as well as to explore the potential clinical relevance of these associations. (frontiersin.org)

Some traits are caused by mutated genes that are inherited or that are the result of a new gene mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms24

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes106

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science6

Health Care4

Transcription7

Genetic9

Chromosome7

Chromosomes3

Proteins7

Protein12

Inhibit3

Mutations2

Promoters3

MRNA3

Mechanisms3

Forks6

Recombination1

Sequence1

Phenotypes2

Viruses3

Dengue1

Viral genome1

Polymerase2

Synthesis3

Humans1

Bacterial4

Molecular1

Progression1

Inhibits2

Pathogenesis1

Differentially2

Pathway1

Datasets2

Control3

Transcript2

Stability2

Genotype1

Fork collapse1

Cancers1

Induces1

Bioinformatics1

Virus4

Quantitative1

Cells10

Driven2

Processes1

Structure1

Yeast1

Cancer2

Repair1

Insight1

Mutation1