• His early interest in phage genetics quickly yielded to a passion for animal viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
  • He continued his work on virus replication using poliovirus and pursued training in enzymology with Jerard Hurwitz at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1964/1965. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given that we previously defined the viral np9 gene, which is aberrantly activated in human leukemia, as a potent oncogene [ 1 ], we next attempted to search for cellular homologs of the viral oncogene np9 in NCBI database by performing alignment using Np9 protein sequence. (aging-us.com)
  • This problem is theoretically prevented by intracellular expression of lhRNAs generating multiple siRNAs that target the virus simultaneously, thus reducing the chance of viral escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, our previous studies revealed that the viral Np9 protein is an oncoprotein and potently activates a variety of pathways such as β-catenin, ERK, Akt and Notch1, and promotes the growth of human leukemia stem/progenitor cells [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • There he made fundamental discoveries on virus replication and its effect on cell metabolism, including the first description of an RNA replicase. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, HIV-lhNef demonstrated a severe production and replication defect, which we were able to solve by selecting spontaneous virus variants with truncated hairpin structures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be inhibited by means of RNA silencing or interference (RNAi) using synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or gene constructs encoding short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • In human leukemia, Np17 was detected in 59.65% (34/57) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients examined and associated with refractory/relapsed AML. (aging-us.com)
  • Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
  • Although these escape variants lost the ability to trans-inhibit HIV-1, they effectively outgrew the wild-type virus in competition experiments in SupT1 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functionally, knockdown of Np17 induced growth inhibition of leukemia cells, whereas enforced expression of Np17 promoted growth of leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. (aging-us.com)
  • [ 11-13 ] The dimeric nature of the retroviral RNA genome is largely responsible for the high genetic variability of highly replicating viruses such as Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and HIV-1 by means of forced and non-forced copy-choice recombinations during reverse transcription. (medscape.com)
  • EVIDENCE FOR VIRAL GENES IN NORMAL CELLS Viral antigen (many species) Helper factor which forms pseudotype with replica- tion-defective sarcoma virus (mainly chicken) 3. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1-3 ] Originally, the RT activity was found in purified avian and murine virions upon treatment with a low concentration of a non-ionic detergent. (medscape.com)
  • That is, he had tumor virologists, DNA biochemists--Richard Franklin--and in the tumor virology area he had Peter Vogt, who had come out of Harry Rubin's lab in the late '50s, and a handful of guys came out of that lab in the avian tumor virus area, which is where the retrovirus field was strongest at that time. (nih.gov)
  • PMID- 214398 TI - Characterization of an adenosine triphosphatase of the avian myeloblastosis virus and the virus-infected myeloblast. (nih.gov)
  • Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are one group of vertebrate transposable elements that replicate through an RNA intermediate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple isolates of viruses or transposable elements are considered distinct if at least one promoter region fails to fulfill the above similarity criterion. (expasy.org)
  • At age 37, Baltimore won the Nobel Prize with Renato Dulbecco and Howard M. Temin "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell", specifically the discovery of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic transmission of oncogenic viruses (murine leukemia and manmary tumor viruses) 5. (nih.gov)
  • What gave it a lot of impetus was in the murine system you had new isolates on the leukemia side from Rauscher, Moloney and Friend. (nih.gov)
  • Previous data have shown that changes in His8 of the surface binding subunit of ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus abolish entry and induction of syncitia, but have no effect on receptor binding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And I guess it was a very natural transition from that into the Polyoma virus which was the first real tumor virus that was worked with in this lab. (nih.gov)
  • But I've always felt that one of the key things to sort of opening up tumor virology was the isolation of a virus that you could work with in the lab that produced changes in tissue culture. (nih.gov)
  • Microbiology 100A -1- Harold Varmus, M.D. Spring 1976 TUMOR VIRUSES I. Recommended Readings: D.W. Allen and P. Cole, Viruses and Human Cancer, New England Journal of Medicine 286:70-82, 1972. (nih.gov)
  • Some examples of such findings and their significance will be considered in the herpes virus lecture and in the seminar on tumor viruses. (nih.gov)
  • but a profound understanding of the molecular behavior of tumor viruses may be required to know how to look for human agents. (nih.gov)
  • Whether or not human cancer is virus-related, animal tumor viruses offer an important opportunity to learn how cells work and how their behavior can be altered by a very small number of viral genes. (nih.gov)
  • Transcription-lote functions acct TBI Site of cleavage by Eco Ri Termination of s % v DNA replication Malor coat protein (VP1) Minor coat protein (VP3) - Origin of wen Traneription-aurly functions Key: REGGHONA Pima) RNA GZ Protein Replication ~ genes Other genes SOME POSSIBLE FORMS OF RNA TUMOR VIRUSES Tronsforming genes TRANSFORMATION-DEFECTIVE NON. (nih.gov)
  • With the DNA tumor viruses (the SV-40, polyoma and adenoviruses) Maurice Green and Sol Spiegelman had finished the adenoviruses story clearly showing, here, that you had a DNA tumor virus, oncogenic in animals and, in the case of adeno, clearly causing infections in people. (nih.gov)
  • So, the activity in the tumor viruses on the RNA side picked up. (nih.gov)
  • J. Tooze, The Molecular Biology of Tumour Viruses, esp. (nih.gov)
  • At MIT, Huang, Baltimore, and graduate student Martha Stampfer discovered that VSV replication involved an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase within the virus particle, and used a novel strategy to replicate its RNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • And when Sarah Stewart and Bernice Eddy isolated Polyoma virus, we got involved in seeing how it could be handled in the laboratory and began a whole series of experiments that had to do with studying the natural history of Polyoma virus infection in lab mice, and Bob Huebner's particular interest in mice in the wild. (nih.gov)
  • Topic Outline for Lecture The evidence for a role for viruses in the etiology of human tumors remains sparse: epidemiological studies do not suggest that conventional, horizontally-transmitted infectious agents are important in human cancer, and virus particles or virus-specific proteins or nucleic acids have only rarely been found in human tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Changes in growth properties on passage in tissue culture of viruses derived from infectious molecular clones of HIV-1LAI, HIV-1MAL, and HIV-1ELI. (academicinfluence.com)
  • And Ludwig Gross's induction of leukemia in mice with AKR thymic lymphomas met the same sort of reaction. (nih.gov)
  • Virus induction (chemical or physical) and spontaneous virus production in cultured cells (many species) 4. (nih.gov)
  • The first isolations had been made from cultivated tonsils and adenoids, and the work was just beginning to try to understand what a broad spectrum of viruses was involved and what they had to do with human disease, with respiratory disease in the military, and with Trachoma and with pink eye and all the things that are now known to be associated with Adenovirus infection. (nih.gov)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection associated with AIDS in West Africa. (academicinfluence.com)
  • These viral vector systems have relied upon the molecular machinery of the virus, evolved over time to surmount the significant problems facing a virus in attempting to invade, i.e., infect a cell. (justia.com)
  • [ 1-6 ] At almost the same time, RT activity was also found in virus-like particles purified from human fluids and cells. (medscape.com)
  • And there was a lot of question about what the significance was of the group-specific antigen, because people were finding it in the embryos without necessarily having viral particles, and it was one of the findings of interest for having people realize that there may be expression of virus in the embryo that wasn't in whole viral virion form. (nih.gov)
  • I. Complete regression of virus-induced transformation in cultures of seropositive donor leukocytes. (nih.gov)
  • The discovery of HIV-1 and the AIDS epidemic fueled unprecedent interest in and support for basic research on retroviruses as well as extensive efforts aimed at combating the AIDS virus. (medscape.com)
  • What to call the AIDS virus? (academicinfluence.com)
  • And then we progressed, or moved, from there to studying indigenous viruses of mice, because we were beginning to use mice a lot for experimental purposes, and it became very clear that there were a lot of viruses already in the mice that weren't recognized, hadn't been classified, or tests worked out for their characterization. (nih.gov)
  • And Dr. Huebner was very interested in that because he was thinking hard about the vertical transmission of the viruses at that time. (nih.gov)
  • PMID- 214400 TI - Transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by Culex bitaeniorhynchus Giles. (nih.gov)
  • Baker: Dr. Hartley, before we get into looking at the Viruses Cancer Program itself, could you give us a little bit about your background, where you went to school, and what experiences you've had? (nih.gov)
  • Baker: It became quite a change because, as you know, before 1955 nobody thought viruses had anything to do with cancer. (nih.gov)
  • So I came and started in the Virus Cancer Program. (nih.gov)
  • So I drove out to his ranch on July 4, and he gave me about 7 hours of continuous monologue on what had to be done in the Virus Cancer Program. (nih.gov)
  • AB - Antibody activity to Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and type-2 (HSV-2) was measured by the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test in sera from 124 women with squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 46 women with non-cervical cancer and 116 matched normal women. (nih.gov)
  • So, we got rather deeply into mouse viruses. (nih.gov)
  • Despite the efficiency of such viral vectors, however, there has been continued concern regarding the safety of using viruses, particularly from the standpoint of undesired side effects. (justia.com)
  • Transformed cells do not produce virus, but virus can be rescued by cell fusion with permissive host. (nih.gov)
  • The present invention provides mutant adeno-associated virus (AAV) that exhibit altered capsid properties, e.g., reduced binding to neutralizing antibodies in serum and/or altered heparin binding and/or altered infectivity of particular cell types. (justia.com)
  • PMID- 214405 TI - Long-term T-cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr virus in man. (nih.gov)
  • AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from donors of known serological status with respect to EB virus were exposed to the virus in vitro and then cultured at various cell concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • The results strongly suggest that the regression phenomenon is an in vitro expression of long-term T-cell-mediated immunity to EB virus which the large majority, if not all, infected individuals possess. (nih.gov)
  • PMID- 214407 TI - Antibodies to Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix in India. (nih.gov)
  • His early interest in phage genetics quickly yielded to a passion for animal viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • This lecture is intended to acquaint you with the very rapid advances now being made in the understanding of how viruses cause cancers in animals other than man. (nih.gov)
  • Alice S. Huang also moved to MIT to continue her research on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). (wikipedia.org)
  • The present invention is in the field of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. (justia.com)