• In Drosophila , the BX-C cluster contains the three most posterior Hox genes, where their collinear activation incorporates progressive replacement of histone modifications, reorganization of 3D chromatin architecture and sequential activation of boundary elements and cis -regulatory regions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Structural variation in plant genomes is a significant driver of phenotypic variability in traits important for the domestication and productivity of crop species. (nature.com)
  • However, it is not unusual to find an orthologous gene only in small subset of the species, and recent genomic studies suggest that structural rearrangements are very frequent between genomes in the same species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypoxia, due to the lack of oxygen (O2) as the electron recipient, causes inefficient electron transfer through the electron transport chain at the mitochondria leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which could create irreversible cellular damages. (stanford.edu)
  • Midgut epithelial cells also produce toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dual oxidases (DUOXs) that are essential players in insect immunity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Much of the current understanding of these processes is derived from analyses of nucleosomal histones that represent the major histone species within cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that variants of histone H2A and histone H3 play important roles not only in gene expression but also in the repair of DNA breaks and the assembly of chromosome centromeres. (sdbonline.org)
  • We demonstrate that (i) F1 hybrids are highly heterozygous with nearly all chromosomes participating in the formation of trivalents at the first meiotic division, and (ii) that from F1 to F4 the number of trivalents decreases and the number of bivalents increases. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generations (F1-F4) between two chromosomal races of the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis differentiated by at least 24 chromosomal fusions/fissions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous work showed that these hybrids were fertile, although their fertility was reduced as compared to crosses within chromosomal races. (frontiersin.org)
  • We argue that the observed process of chromosome sorting would, if continued, result in a new homozygous chromosomal race, i.e., in a new karyotype with intermediate chromosome number and, possibly, in a new incipient homoploid hybrid species. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, recent genomic comparisons revealed that chromosomal rearrangements are quite common even within species [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The repeated occurrence of the same pattern of differentiation in Clarkia suggests that a rapid reorganization of chromosomes has been an important mode of evolution in the genus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concept of mutation was coined by Hugo De Vries in 1901, whom worked with plants species of the genus Oenothera where he discovered some phenotypic hereditary characteristics that he coined as "mutations" and "mutants" to those individuals that have these phenotypic alterations. (intechopen.com)
  • In this 2003 paper Gottlieb summarized instances of quantum evolution in the plant species Clarkia, Layia, and Stephanomeria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, interest in ZmWUS 's stem cell promoting properties has resurfaced due to their use in efficient transformation systems for maize and other recalcitrant plant species 12 , 13 . (nature.com)
  • The Western Ghats of India and highlands of Sri Lanka are a global biodiversity hotspot, i.e. they contain several endemic animal and plant species which are recognised as being distinct at a high taxonomic level [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This synthetic genetic interaction is seen at the level of single genes and acts downstream of promoter nucleosome reorganization. (sdbonline.org)
  • Hox genes encode crucial developmental regulators that specify segmental identities along the Antero-Posterior (A-P) body axis in the developing embryo of bilaterian species. (biorxiv.org)
  • A unique feature of Hox genes in most species is that they are organized in clusters, with their relative genomic position corresponding to their order of expression along the A-P axis ( McGinnis and Krumlauf, 1992 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • In D. melanogaster , the eight Hox genes are organized in two separate clusters on chromosome 3R: the Antennapedia cluster (ANT-C) and the Bithorax cluster (BX-C). The 350 kb BX-C contains the Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B genes, which specify the identity of the more posterior embryonic parasegments 5 to 14 (PS5 to PS14). (biorxiv.org)
  • Analysis of an F2 mapping population indicated the genes are tightly linked in HN1, and bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing confirmed they exist as a complex gene cluster for plant alkaloids. (ampliconexpress.com)
  • This expectation is based on an assumption of "stable" or "symmetric" genome structure within species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retroviral particles must bind specifically to their target cells, cross the plasma membrane, reverse-transcribe their RNA genome, while uncoating the cores, find their way to the nuclear membrane and penetrate into the nucleus to finally dock and integrate into the cellular genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This rapid reorganization of the chromosomes is comparable to the systemic mutations proposed by Goldschmidt as a mechanism of macroevolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • In opinion of De Vries, these mutations give origin to a new species that he named "elementary species" [ 1 ], [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Our approach created significant new resources in pea, i.e. the most comprehensive genetic map to date tightly linked to the model species M. truncatula and a large SNP resource for both academic research and breeding. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In all of these examples the derivative populations grow adjacent to the parental species, which they resemble closely in morphology, but from which they are reproductively isolated because of multiple structural differences in their chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • I-t involves the synthesis of a microtubule and the full intracellular reorganization based device, which segregates the 2 identical copies of the chromosomes between daughter cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Rahman MM, Chen JM, Wu YH, Chen HM, Lwin YH, Murphy RW , Li GG, Che J. New country records for three species of frog from Myanmar including two genera (Nasutixalus and Oreolalax). (academictree.org)
  • Nine fungal species belonging to five genera were found to be associated with pistachio nut samples. (alksignaling.com)
  • The testicular descent is a uniquely complex process depending upon multiple factors like growth and reorganisation of the specific gonadal ligaments, hormones, etc., which interplay with each other. (springeropen.com)
  • During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mistakes in this technique end in the synthesis of cells with abnormal chromosome content, that is, pretty much than two copies of each and every chromosome. (survivinpathway.com)
  • A similar mode of origin by rapid reorganization of the chromosomes is suggested for the derivation of other species of Clarkia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species currently classified as Ansonia and Pedostibes were both recovered as being non-monophyletic, providing evidence for the independent origin of torrential and arboreal ecomorphs on the Indian subcontinent and in South-East Asia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leslie D. Gottlieb in his 2003 summary of the subject in plants stated we can define quantum speciation as the budding off of a new and very different daughter species from a semi-isolated peripheral population of the ancestral species in a cross-fertilizing organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • One usually expects that a gene found in an individual can be found in the others in the same species [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequencing data were assembled and generated a 68 K unigene set, from which 41 K were annotated from their best blast hit against the model species Medicago truncatula . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The spatial relationship of each parental species and its derivative suggests that differentiation has been recent. (wikipedia.org)