Renal glomeruli tubules renal glucose reabsorption glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

These are expressed in the renal proximal tubule only and not the renal medulla. (medscape.com)
Plasma filtration and much of the tubular reabsorption takes place in the renal cortex, an important functional component of the kidney between the renal capsule and renal medulla, consisting of glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules. (biomedcentral.com)
The tubules then empty into the collecting ducts which in turn descend back to the medulla and finally connect to the ureter. (essayworldwide.com)
Deep to the cortex lies the renal medulla , which is divided into 10-20 renal pyramids in humans. (wikidoc.org)
At the outer medulla, the interlobar arteries branch into arcuate arteries, which course along the border between the renal medulla and cortex, giving off still smaller branches, the cortical radial arteries (sometimes called interlobular arteries ). (wikidoc.org)
Efferent arterioles of glomeruli closest to the medulla (those that belong to juxtamedullary nephrons ) send branches into the medulla, forming the vasa recta. (wikidoc.org)

Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST). (wikipedia.org)
In the kidneys, 100% of the filtered glucose in the glomerulus has to be reabsorbed along the nephron (98% in PCT, via SGLT2). (wikipedia.org)
As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
Which of the following is the main site of sodium reabsorption in the nephron? (fracpractice.co.nz)
1.Describe the process of water, nutrient and electrolyte reabsorption in the nephron of the kidney. (essayworldwide.com)
What is the order of structures that the renal filtrate will pass through as it moves through a nephron? (essayworldwide.com)
Define the term saturation as it relates to the reabsorption of nutrients from the nephron. (essayworldwide.com)
Basically the nephron can be said to be composed of tubes and the glomerulus. (essayworldwide.com)
The S3 segment of the proximal tubule, which maintains the delicate balance between high O 2 demand and low basal O 2 tension in the corticomedullary region, is the portion of the nephron most vulnerable to ischemia (Parker et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
A patient has a genetic defect that decreases the number of GLUT transporters in the nephron tubule. (studymoose.com)
If all glucose is normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron, why do people with diabetes have glucose in their urine? (studymoose.com)

SGLT2 are mainly located in the proximal tubule of the kidney and are involved in the reabsorption of filtered glucose from the glomeruli into the body. (docksci.com)

Reabsorption of glucose predominantly occurs on the brush border membrane of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
The kidneys produce between 2.0-2.5umol of glucose/kg/min thereby contributing about 20-25% of circulating glucose. (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
The essential role of kidneys in normal physiology, including plasma filtration of metabolic waste products, acid-base balance, regulation of plasma volume, and hormone secretion, is indicated by the large number of diverse, life threatening renal diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
2.Describe the hormonal regulation of water and electrolyte reabsorption in the kidneys. (essayworldwide.com)
Аутосомно-домінантний полікістоз нирок (ADPKD) Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary disorder of renal cyst formation causing gradual enlargement of both kidneys, sometimes with progression to renal failure. (msdmanuals.com)
Because the kidneys are poised to sense plasma concentrations of compounds such as sodium, potassium, hydrogen ion, oxygen, and glucose, they are important regulators of blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and erythropoeisis. (wikidoc.org)
the adjective renal meaning related to the kidney is from Latin rēnēs , meaning kidneys. (wikidoc.org)
Congenital absence of one or both kidneys, known as unilateral or bilateral renal agenesis , can occur. (wikidoc.org)
[2] Together, kidneys weigh about 0.5% of a person's total body weight. (wikidoc.org)
We used doubly perfused bullfrog kidneys in vivo , and switched the basolateral solution (renal portal vein) to experimental solutions. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
In kidneys suffering from ischemia-reperfusion and in renal tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation, NCX extrudes Na + in exchange for Ca 2+ influx, resulting in intracellular Ca 2+ overload and tubular epithelial cell injury (Yamashita J, S Kita, T Iwamoto et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)

If the plasma glucose concentration is too high (hyperglycemia), glucose passes into the urine (glucosuria) because SGLT are saturated with the filtered glucose. (wikipedia.org)
SGLT2 is only found in kidney tubules and in conjunction with SGLT1 resorbs glucose into the blood from the forming urine. (wikipedia.org)
Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
except during pregnancy, when it may increase) with glucose present in all urine samples. (medscape.com)
The urine should contain glucose as the only source of carbohydrate, and individuals should have normal carbohydrate storage and use. (medscape.com)
Glucose loss in the urine may vary from a few grams to more than 100g (556 mmol) per day. (medscape.com)
The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in an increase in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)
Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)
Comparison of this renal cortical proteome with published human urinary proteomes demonstrated enrichment of renal extracellular, plasma membrane, and lysosomal proteins in the urine, with a lack of intracellular proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
This reflects the non-invasive nature of the sample collection, its availability, and the observation that proteins found in urine under pathophysiological conditions will reflect altered glomerular and tubular pathology induced by renal disease [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Thus the filtrate passes through the following structure in their order: proximal convoluted tubules-they perform the nutrient reabsorption, loop of henle-controls urine concentration, distal convoluted tubules- regulation of sodium, pH and potassium and finally collecting gland- regulation of water and sodium. (essayworldwide.com)
Countercurrent multiplier is the use of energy in order to come up with an osmotic gradient which enhances the reabsorption of water from the tubular fluids and form urine which is highly concentration. (essayworldwide.com)
The diuretics act primarily by inhibiting tubular reabsorption: just 1% decrease in tubular reabsorption would more than double urine output. (pharmacy180.com)
[6-9] Individuals with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes have a much higher incidence of persistently acidic urine and uric acid nephrolithiasis. (bladeresearchinc.com)
Insulin resistance is associated with decreased ammonium production in the proximal tubule and decreased in urine pH, creating a favorable environment for uric acid kidney stone formation. (bladeresearchinc.com)
Although urine is finally modified in subsequent tubules, the proximal tubule is the main site for both NaCl and NaHCO 3 reabsorption. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
The often dramatic increases in urine output caused by therapeutic doses of dopamine (so-called "renal doses") is mainly due to improved hemodynamics. (medquizzes.net)

SGLT2 inhibitors, also called gliflozins, are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
By inhibiting SGLT2, and not targeting SGLT1, glucose is excreted which in turn lowers blood glucose levels. (wikipedia.org)
Certain SGLT2 inhibitors have shown to reduce mortality in type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
The safety and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors have not been established in patients with type 1 diabetes, and FDA has not approved them for use in these patients. (wikipedia.org)
Because sodium and glucose are moved in the same direction across the membrane, SGLT1 and SGLT2 are known as symporters. (wikipedia.org)
FRG is a rare disorder due mainly to mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene ( SGLT2 ) that are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, blocks glucose resorption in the kidney's proximal tubule and reduces not only glucose levels but also risk for heart failure. (nejm.org)
Canagliflozin belongs to a class of agents-the sodium- glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors-whose novel mechanism of action offers potential advantages over other antihyperglycemic agents, including a relatively low hypoglycemia risk and weight-loss-promoting effects. (docksci.com)
Canagliflozin (Invokana), an oral selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is under global development with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (docksci.com)
Inhibition of SGLT2 lowers blood glucose in an insulinindependent manner as a consequence of blocking reabsorption of filtered glucose in the glomeruli, thereby increasing urinary excretion of glucose and, in turn, potentially reducing body weight. (docksci.com)
Additional and larger phase III clinical trials to delineate the potential role of canagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of diabetes (including studies involving the elderly, children, and patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction) are planned or currently under way. (docksci.com)
Conclusion Canagliflozin and other investigational SGLT2 inhibitors have a novel mechanism of action that may offer a future alternative treatment pathway for managing type 2 diabetes. (docksci.com)
Effect of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors With Low SGLT2/SGLT1 Selectivity on Circulating Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (omicsdi.org)
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that improve glycemic control by inhibiting reabsorption of glucose filtered through the renal glomerulus. (omicsdi.org)
SGLT2 inhibitors such as canagliflozin and sotagliflozin (a SGLT1/SGLT2 dual inhibitor) also have a mild or moderate intestinal and renal SGLT1 inhibitory effect because of their relatively weak selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1. (omicsdi.org)
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been demonstrated to be able to improve the cardiovascular and renal prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (omicsdi.org)

Low coverage of the renal cortical proteome as well as our interest in diabetes-induced changes in proteins found in the renal cortex prompted us to perform an in-depth proteomic analysis of mouse renal cortical tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result of extracting all proteins from the renal cortex, we identified an exceptionally wide range of renal proteins in terms of pI, MW, hydrophobicity, abundance, and subcellular location. (biomedcentral.com)
A person has more than one million nephrons that are stacked in the renal cortex. (essayworldwide.com)
The outer portion of the kidney is called the renal cortex , which sits directly beneath the kidney's loose connective tissue/fibrous capsule . (wikidoc.org)
Each pyramid together with the associated overlying cortex forms a renal lobe. (wikidoc.org)

Secondary active transport occurs in the intestine and the kidney tubules (predominantly proximal tubule) and is mediated by members of the SGLT transporter family. (medscape.com)

Although the pattern of inheritance that best fits FRG is one of co-dominance, increased glucose excretion was not observed in all individuals with similar or identical mutations. (medscape.com)

Various studies have reported that adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) can cause proximal renal tubular complex dysfunction, hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (HO) and even Fanconi syndrome since it was first used in the long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis B in 2002 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

W ith the increasing global epidemic of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, all major pharmaceutical companies are focusing on new molecules for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. (docksci.com)
This article summarizes the milestones in the development of canagliflozin, leading to its first approval for use in adults with type 2 diabetes. (docksci.com)
The published evidence on the pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a promising investigational agent for managing type 2 diabetes is evaluated. (docksci.com)
Proteomic methodologies increasingly have been applied to the kidney to map the renal cortical proteome and to identify global changes in renal proteins induced by diseases such as diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the importance of the kidney in normal and disease states, numerous proteomic methodologies increasingly have been applied to the kidney, and novel combinations of research tools are now available to identify global changes in renal protein expression patterns induced by diseases such as diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that a combination of canagliflozin or sotagliflozin and a DPP4 inhibitor can provide a beneficial effect associated with elevation of circulating active GLP-1 and may serve as a treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. (omicsdi.org)
Comparative efficacy of 5 sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and 7 glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists interventions on cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients: A network meta-analysis based on cardiovascular or renal outcome trials. (omicsdi.org)
How does this process affect glucose reabsorption during diabetes mellitus? (essayworldwide.com)
In addition, the patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 7 years ago. (bvsalud.org)
When a patient is diagnosed with GS and type 2 diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can be used to control the blood glucose level and assist in raising blood magnesium. (bvsalud.org)

Distal convoluted tubules- sodium chloride, hydrogen and potassium ions, and water bicarbonates (Malnic et al. (essayworldwide.com)

Members of the GLUT family of glucose uniporters then transport the glucose across the basolateral membrane, and into the peritubular capillaries. (wikipedia.org)
This form of glucose transport is predominantly mediated by members of the GLUT transporter family. (medscape.com)
ii) The glucose carriers expressed in the basolateral domain are GULT-1 and GLUT-2 that do not require energy, sodium, or any other ion. (medscape.com)
In the initial proximal tubule, only SGLT-2 and GLUT-2 are expressed, whilst SGLT-1 and GLUT-1 are expressed in the distal part of the tubule. (medscape.com)

Sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is one such category of drugs. (nejm.org)
SGLT-2 inhibitors, such as empagliflozin and canagliflozin , have been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular events. (nejm.org)
One question that remains is whether the benefits of empagliflozin and canagliflozin apply to other SGLT-2 inhibitors. (nejm.org)

When the macula densa detects an increase in NaCl concentration in the renal filtrate, what happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? (studymoose.com)

Renal tubular acidosis. (fracpractice.co.nz)

Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-induced renal tubular dysfunction and hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (HO) have been given great consideration in the past few years. (biomedcentral.com)
The clinical picture, laboratory and radiograph alterations are important clues for those patients and are usually characterized by polyarthralgia, renal tubular dysfunction and mineralization defects. (biomedcentral.com)
First, a unified definition of ADV-related renal dysfunction has not yet been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity can cause glucose metabolism dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
Besides kidney electrolyte loss, proteinuria and renal dysfunction were also observed. (bvsalud.org)
We also systematically reviewed articles on GS with proteinuria and renal dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: Twenty-three GS patients had proteinuria (69.6%) and renal dysfunction (43.5%) with a mean age of 35.3 ± 13.2 years, and 65.2% were male. (bvsalud.org)

In August 1960, in Prague, Robert K. Crane presented for the first time his discovery of the sodium-glucose cotransport as the mechanism for intestinal glucose absorption. (wikipedia.org)
And the rise of personalized medicine, Blood Pressure medication Gnostocardin perseus books new, protein, it is not iltered by the glomeruli and does not normally appear to be responsible for the gastro intestinal absorption. (hybridnutrition.co.za)

Transport of Na+ and K+ coupled to active reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, other organic anions and PO3 4 ¯ through specific symporters. (pharmacy180.com)
d) The disproportionately large HCO 3 ¯, acetate, PO 4 3 ¯, amino acid and other anion reabsorption create passive driving forces for Cl¯ to diffuse through the paracellular pathway (in between tubular cells), particularly in the later PT. (pharmacy180.com)
desirable member: capacity tet-system occurring utilized into and characterized from the 1-((1-Methylethyl)amino)-3-(2-(2-propenyl)phenoxy)-2-propanol surgery as either a Small or an primary peptide. (xtenddigital.com)

Given Mrs. Jones' recent MI and ischemic cardiomyopathy, starting an SGLT-2 inhibitor could both lower her HbA 1C and reduce her cardiovascular risk and hospitalizations for heart failure. (nejm.org)
In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial published in the NEJM, the DECLARE-TIMI trial evaluated the cardiovascular profile of another SGLT-2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin. (nejm.org)
Inflammatory MCP-1 and fibrosis (collagen, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and osteopontin) renal biomarkers were significantly reduced in the CXA-10 (2.5 mpk) group. (aspetjournals.org)

The SGLT proteins use the energy from this downhill sodium ion gradient created by the ATPase pump to transport glucose across the apical membrane, against an uphill glucose gradient. (wikipedia.org)
i) The apical transporters are SGLT-1 (type 1) and SGLT-2. (medscape.com)

The filtrate moves through the tubes with addition of substances from blood (secretion) or removal of substances (reabsorption). (essayworldwide.com)
In particular, human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 and 2-K (hMATE1/2-K) likely mediate renal secretion of mIBG, whereas hOCT1 and hOCT3 may contribute to mIBG uptake into normal tissues such as the liver, salivary glands, and heart. (aspetjournals.org)
What happens if reabsorption of a substance increases (and filtration and secretion stay the same)? (studymoose.com)

Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics (eg, chlorthalidone, metolazone) tend to elevate blood glucose levels, impair glucose tolerance, and cause frank hyperglycemia. (medquizzes.net)

2015). The glomerulus contains a mass of capillaries which are joined together. (essayworldwide.com)
Blood from these capillaries collects in renal venules and leaves the kidney via the renal vein . (wikidoc.org)

On this medial aspect of each kidney is an opening, called the hilum , which admits the renal artery , the renal vein , nerves , and the ureter . (wikidoc.org)

In general, renal glucosuria is a benign condition and does not require any specific therapy. (medscape.com)
Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)
The inherited from of this disorder is called familial renal glucosuria (FRG). (medscape.com)

The dissociated HCO 3 ¯ in the cell is transported to cortical e.c.f. by basolateral membrane Na+HCO¯ symporter resulting in net reabsorption of NaHCO 3 . (pharmacy180.com)

These findings suggest that previous approaches focused on either glomeruli or tubules are insufficient for a global understanding of the pathophysiology of complicated renal diseases such as DN. (biomedcentral.com)

As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
Facilitative transport occurs in essentially all cell types and is driven by the concentration gradient across cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
Here the concentration becomes higher and finally it drains into the collecting tubules. (essayworldwide.com)

Of all renal pathologies, diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the most common cause of renal insufficiency culminating in end-stage renal failure in the western world [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with GS with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). (bvsalud.org)

2015). This process occurs in the loop of henle fluid leaves the ascending limb and moves to the distal convoluted tubule. (essayworldwide.com)
Directly inhibited a renal Na+, K+, 2Cl- cotransporter in the Loop of Henle. (medquizzes.net)

They work by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in the glomeruli, which reduces serum blood glucose. (nejm.org)
An increase in serum pH of 0.l unit may cause a decrease in ionized calcium of 0.16 mg/dL ( 1 , 2 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Initial investigations confirm acute renal failure with markedly elevated serum urea and creatinine. (fracpractice.co.nz)

Firstly, an Na+/K+ ATPase on the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule cell uses ATP molecules to move 3 sodium ions outward into the blood, while bringing in 2 potassium ions. (wikipedia.org)
All Na+ that enters tubular cells through the luminal membrane is pumped out of it into the renal interstitium at the basolateral membrane by Na+K+ATPase energised Na+K+ antiporter ( see Figs 41.1 and 41.2). (pharmacy180.com)

This action creates a downhill sodium ion gradient from the outside to the inside of the proximal tubule cell (that is, in comparison to both the blood and the tubule itself). (wikipedia.org)
Normally, about 180 L of fluid is filtered everyday: all soluble constituents of blood minus the plasma proteins (along with substances bound to them) and lipids, are filtered at the glomerulus. (pharmacy180.com)
Because of meagre blood supply, renal papilla is so prone to necrosis and suffers maximum damage when a toxic substance is being excreted. (pharmacy180.com)
It produces caused not in organs and as the renal blood in corneal regions. (xtenddigital.com)
Each kidney receives its blood supply from the renal artery , two of which branch from the abdominal aorta . (wikidoc.org)
INTERVENTIONS: She was given potassium and magnesium supplements, and dapagliflozin was used to control her blood glucose. (bvsalud.org)
OUTCOMES: After treatments, her fatigue symptoms were reduced, blood potassium and magnesium levels were increased, and blood glucose levels were well controlled. (bvsalud.org)
A patient taking an oral diuretic for about 6 months presents with elevated fasting and postprandial blood glucose You check the patient's HbA 1 c and find i t i s elevated compared with normal baseline values obtained 6 months ago. (medquizzes.net)
You might recall that diazoxide [mainly used as a parenteral drug for prompt lowering of blood pressure] can be used in its oral dosage form to raise blood glucose levels in some hypoglycemic states. (medquizzes.net)

Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)

In four early-stage clinical trials involving a total of over 500 patients, the use of canagliflozin for varying periods was associated with significant mean reductions in HbA1c (absolute reductions of 0.45-0.92%) and fasting plasma glucose (decreases ranged from 16.2% to 42.4%) and weight loss ranging from 0.7 to 3.5 kg. (docksci.com)

While progress has been made in establishing a renal cortical proteome using 1-D or 2-DE and mass spectrometry, the number of proteins definitively identified by mass spectrometry has remained surprisingly small. (biomedcentral.com)
High-confidence identification of ~2,000 proteins, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, plasma membrane, extracellular and unknown/unclassified proteins, was obtained by separating tryptic peptides of renal cortical proteins into 60 fractions by SCX prior to LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins represented the renal cortical proteome with no discernible bias due to protein physicochemical properties, subcellular distribution, biological processes, or molecular function. (biomedcentral.com)
Many of these proteins, such as low-abundance proteins, membrane proteins and proteins with extreme values in pI or MW are traditionally under-represented in 2-DE-based proteomic analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Norepinephrine transporter, organic cation transporters, and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins play differential roles in tumor targeting, systemic elimination, and accumulation in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)

Transporters on the plasma membrane of tumor cells are promising molecular "Trojan horses" to deliver drugs and imaging agents into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)

In which process can glucose transport reach saturation? (studymoose.com)

We searched PubMed and Embase for relevant cardiovascular or renal outcome trials (CVOTs). (omicsdi.org)

The tip of each pyramid (called a papilla ) empties into a calyx , and the calices empty into the renal pelvis . (wikidoc.org)

Glucose enters at the luminal side of the proximal tubular cells by an active carrier-mediated transport process that requires energy provided by the sodium gradient between the intra- and extracellular compartments generated by sodium-potassium ATPase. (medscape.com)
In certain types of cells, a Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, energized by a Na + -gradient, helps drive cytosolic calcium into the extracellular space. (abdominalkey.com)

Lithium treatment (for bipolar illness) frequently causes polyuria and (as a consequence of excessive renal fluid loss) polydipsia (increased thirst leading to increased fluid intake). (medquizzes.net)

Transporter-mediated uptake has been exploited successfully in nuclear medicine to deliver several radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and treatment ( Zhang and Wang, 2020 ). (aspetjournals.org)

In the medullary portion a distinct luminal membrane carrier transports ions in the stoichiometric ratio of Na+K+2 Cl¯ ( see Fig. 41.1), and is non-electrogenic. (pharmacy180.com)

The functional significance of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger (NCX) in basolateral membranes in the proximal tubule remains controversial. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
1989), however, suggested that there is no NCX in basolateral membranes in proximal tubules but that instead, intracellular calcium pools within the mitochondria and elsewhere contribute to Na + /Ca 2+ exchange. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
The localization of NCX in basolateral membranes of proximal tubules is also controversial. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)

And recently diagnosed in renal concentrating ability what is Gnostocardin made of enalapril to metabolise a discrete densely staining hyaline membrane. (hybridnutrition.co.za)

The clinical use of mIBG as a radiopharmaceutical in cancer diagnosis and treatment can be further improved by taking a holistic approach considering mIBG transporters in both cancer and normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
Precise detection and diagnosis of specific tumor types and disease stages is essential for designing the appropriate and effective regimens for treatment. (aspetjournals.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms3

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs51

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Medulla6

Nephron11

Located in the proximal tubule1

Segment of the proximal tubule1

Kidneys12

Urine19

SGLT216

Cortex5

Kidney tubules1

Excretion1

Proximal renal tubular1

Diabetes10

Sodium chloride1

GLUT4

Inhibitors3

Glomerular1

Tubular acidosis1

Dysfunction7

Intestinal2

Amino3

Inhibitor3

Apical2

Secretion3

Hyperglycemia1

Capillaries2

Ureter1

Glucosuria4

NaHCO1

Pathophysiology1

Concentration3

Diabetic2

Loop2

Serum3

Basolateral membrane2

Blood9

Genes1

Decreases1

Proteins4

Plasma1

Saturation1

Cardiovascular1

Papilla1

Extracellular2

Consequence1

20201

Luminal1

Membranes3

Membrane1

Diagnosis2