• The reduction of radioactive particles in bone uptake, measured in the femur, reached as high as 80 percent, with little interference with calcium absorption. (radiationdangers.com)
  • These elements form fine suspended particles in the air (aerosols), which due to their weight will gradually end up falling on the ground when released into the air, contaminating all vegetation, clothing and any other surfaces including water sources. (apjjf.org)
  • COLLEGE PARK, Md.-(Newswise)-What happens to radioactive particles and gases released from Japan's crippled nuclear power plants is even more difficult to predict than the weather, and will depend on several key factors, explain University of Maryland atmospheric scientists. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • Certain radioactive nuclei emit alpha particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Control samples produced as 1µm size uranium oxide particles are described for the calibration of the instrumental techniques when applied for the characterisation of environmental radioactive particles. (tib.eu)
  • Examples of the characterisation in terms of morphology, structure, elemental and isotopic composition of radioactive environmental particles detected in sediments and soil samples from different origin are illustrated. (tib.eu)
  • The characteristics of the particles are related with the source term and the release scenarios. (tib.eu)
  • This issue was based on the premise that high dose rates to cells adjacent to radioactive particles deposited in the lungs led to much greater cancer risks than were represented by averaging the dose over the total lung tissue. (animatedsoftware.com)
  • All these averaging factors and searching for a threshold of noticable effects denies the excruciatingly obvious point that Dr. Morgan was making: If you release billions and billions of particles in a spectrum of respirable sizes into the atmosphere, people will breath them and health effects will occur. (animatedsoftware.com)
  • It is simply that such a great many billions of particles might be released in the first place, and each one is capable of producing a health effect. (animatedsoftware.com)
  • Iodine consists of both radioactive and In 1942, the federal government estab nonradioactive forms, lished the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) referred to as in Tennessee's Anderson and Roane isotopes. (cdc.gov)
  • Radioactive fallout from a nuclear reactor can be considered in two groups: isotopes of the noble gases (xenon, krypton-133) are radioactive elements with a very low chemical reactivity, relatively short half-lives, are not retained by the body and they remain and become dispersed in the air without ground deposition. (apjjf.org)
  • The second and more dangerous radioactive fallout group is represented by mainly the radioactive isotopes of iodine, cesium, and tellurium. (apjjf.org)
  • it is a man-made element whose isotopes Am-237 through Am-246 are all radioactive. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, they are worried about the fact that U.S. spent fuel pools are loaded with a large quantity of fuel assemblies that have been used to generate power and thus contain radioactive isotopes, including cesium-137, a gamma emitting isotope with a 30-year half life. (atomicinsights.com)
  • NOAA has not reviewed the results and these model calculations do not consider the decay of radioactive compounds. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • the rate of decay of radioactive material expressed as the number of atoms breaking down per second measured in units called becquerels or curies . (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the most dangerous radioactive elements known to man are created in nuclear power plants. (umich.edu)
  • Refueling releases a huge radioactive emissions plume The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in which heat is generated by the fission of uranium atoms is like a pressure cooker. (countercurrents.org)
  • When the reactor is depressurised and opened to refuel once a year, these gases escape creating a spiked emission and a large radioactive plume downwind of the station. (countercurrents.org)
  • In general, the higher the radioactive plume, the farther and faster it will travel," explains Jeff Stehr. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • The plume of deadly radioactive dust was just a harmless steam discharge, residents were told. (uchicago.edu)
  • This situation has changed as the German Green Party parliamentarians forced the government to provide the half hourly data of release of radionuclides by the Gundremmingen NPP -in Bavaria, during its refueling operation in September 2011. (countercurrents.org)
  • Over time the level of radioactivity emitted from the immobilized radionuclides reduces itself through a process of radioactive decay. (justia.com)
  • In Chernobyl, the main radionuclides included iodine 131 with a half-life of 8 days and cesium 137 with a half-life of 30 years. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • Long-lived radionuclides (radioactive material) are removed from the atmosphere by precipitation or contact with a surface such as the ocean or land. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • As is well known, a nuclear reactor releases radioactive gases like tritium, argon, xenon, carbon14 and iodine, regularly during normal operations, mainly through its 100 meters high stack. (countercurrents.org)
  • This allowed pressure to build up in at least one of the reactors cores to about 50% higher than normal (unit 1), and requires venting of very mildly radioactive steam (contains trace levels of tritium). (blogspot.com)
  • There is also often some leakage from fuel elements of fission products, including noble gases and iodine-131. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Both the cooker and the RPV release small quantities of gases during 'cooking', and massive quantities when the lid of the vessel is opened. (countercurrents.org)
  • Operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) contain large volumes of radioactive gases at high pressures and temperatures. (countercurrents.org)
  • In the north of Ukraine, then a Soviet republic, Chernobyl nuclear power plant was a thriving extensive enterprise served by the purpose-built town of Pripyat when on April 26th, 1986, reactor No 4 exploded, vaporising about five per cent of the core and spewing radioactive flames and gases high into the air. (drb.ie)
  • The evaluation of biological activity of different marine algae is important because of their practical significance in preventing absorption of radioactive products of atomic fission as well as in their use as possible natural decontaminators. (radiationdangers.com)
  • Note that the longer fuel is irradiated in the reactor core, the more radioactive it becomes due to the build-up of fission by-products which also contaminate the fuel limiting its usable life. (apjjf.org)
  • It is these fission by-products that pose the greatest immediate danger if released into the environment. (apjjf.org)
  • Leading critic, Dr. Henry W Kendall of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, once said that "the uncontrolled release of even 5 of 10% of the core inventory could bring instantaneous death to persons up to 60-100 miles from a large fission-power reactor. (umich.edu)
  • Regarding releases to air and water leakage from Fukushima, the main radionuclide from among the many kinds of fission products in the fuel was volatile iodine-131, which has a half-life of 8 days. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Those that pose the greatest health threat are Cesium-137 (half-life 30 years) and Iodine-131 (half- life 8 days). (apjjf.org)
  • Cesium takes between 10 days and 100 days for half of it to be excreted from the body so there is significant hazard once it is absorbed. (apjjf.org)
  • This act triggered an explosion which destroyed the reactor core and released the reactor fuel. (umich.edu)
  • These "new" radioactive substances are called nuclides, which are so dangerous that, if inhaled, even just a thousandth of a gram of Plutonium-239 induces massive fibrosis of the lungs and can cause death within days (A pinch of uranium, a touch of technocracy and a lot of luck, by Richard Pollack). (umich.edu)
  • This suggests that plutonium release from sediments during stratification is not the dominant mechanism driving plutonium cycling in the pond. (bvsalud.org)
  • At about 10.45 am on Sunday 4 October 1981 the radioactivity monitor on the exhaust stack from the magnox fuel separation plant at British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) site at Sellafield, Cumbria gave a warning of an abnormally high release of radioactivity. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • Pond storage is provided at nuclear power stations and reactor sites mainly to allow the iodine 131 in irradiated fuel to decay to an acceptably low level. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • At about 4 pm on that day, BNFL also informed the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate that further investigations had revealed a breach of a technical plant operating limit on 4 October in that irradiated fuel containing an excessive quantity of iodine 131 had been fed to the dissolver. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • The inspectorate advise me that, in the light of its investigations, steps are being taken to ensure that no irradiated fuel will be moved from nuclear power stations to Windscale for reprocessing until it has been stored for at least 90 days, to allow the radio-iodine to decay. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • When nuclear disasters occur the nuclear power plants could suffer a meltdown, meaning the melting through of the containment structure and releasing radiation to the ground and air. (umich.edu)
  • On 16 March, Japan's Nuclear Safety Commission recommended local authorities to instruct evacuees under 40 years of age leaving the 20 km zone to ingest stable iodine as a precaution against ingestion ( e.g. via milk) of radioactive iodine-131. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Their premise is that the public will be better protected if the NRC requires nuclear plant operators to reduce the density of their spent fuel pools and limit the amount of material that could potentially be released. (atomicinsights.com)
  • 2) Results of iodine-129 (I-129) concentrations, another form of radioactive iodine, measured in the thyroids of deer from 1979 to 1989 from on-site locations and off-site areas near the ORR. (cdc.gov)
  • Lanthanum Processing at the X-10 Site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee (1944-1956)--an Assessment iodine in their milk. (cdc.gov)
  • Drinking milk is the operations at the X-10 site and estimated I-131 releases from 1944 to 1956. (cdc.gov)
  • A number of different pathways were identified (e.g., drinking local decays rapidly and gives a large radiation dose to the cow's and goat's milk, eating locally grown vegetables, and breathing air) by which people could thyroid gland in a short have been exposed to radioactive iodine (see Figure 2). (cdc.gov)
  • On the late afternoon of 7 October BNFL advised the NIL DOE and MAFF that iodine 131 had been detected, by monitoring, in samples of milk gathered at two farms within a 2-mile radius of the Sellafield site. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • X-10 site, now referred to as the Oak Ridge contaminate soil, radioactive iodine was released into the air, National Laboratory (ORNL). (cdc.gov)
  • Solidification and stabilization technology is a treatment that is used to prevent or slow the release of harmful materials, such as chemicals or radioactive waste from contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, or other materials. (justia.com)
  • Iodine-131 decays to inert and stable xenon-131. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Considerable amounts of xenon-133 and iodine-131 were vented, but most of the caesium-137 (14 out of 15 PBq total) along with most of the Cs-134 apparently came from unit 2 on or after 15 March - the only one of the four units which did not suffer a hydrogen explosion demolishing its superstructure. (world-nuclear.org)
  • France's authorities hid information about the radioactive cloud over its territory, and Hans Blix, then director general of the International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA)- still accused of minimising the dangers following the catastrophe- released a statement that settlements around Chernobyl would "be safe for residents" before long. (uchicago.edu)
  • Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs -- a chemical used as a coolant and lubricant in electrical equipment) from the Oak Ridge Reservation does not pose a public health hazard, says the public health assessment released by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (cdc.gov)
  • ATLANTA - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) released its public health assessment (PHA) of historical air releases from the K-25/S-50 sites at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. (cdc.gov)
  • an assessment of radioactive materials that may be present inside a person's body through analysis of the person's blood, urine, feces, or sweat. (cdc.gov)
  • The continuous air monitoring data and the I-129 deer thyroid data provide strong evidence that RaLa releases of radioactive iodine did not extend beyond the X-10 site boundary at levels that would constitute a public health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • Inside, it is filled with tips like "Six Facts You Need to Know About KI-Potassium Iodide" (No. 1: it can protect your thyroid if you are exposed to radioactive iodine) and "helpful answers" to questions like "Could Indian Point explode like a bomb? (ipsecinfo.org)
  • Iodine-131 is a beta emitter and is absorbed into the blood stream through inhalation and ingestion and concentrated by the thyroid gland where it is highly carcinogenic, predominantly in young people under 18 years of age. (apjjf.org)
  • Iodine is readily taken up by the body and accumulates in the thyroid gland. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Others had heart defects, and thyroid cancers thought to have been caused by radioactive iodine. (uchicago.edu)
  • The spread of airborne contamination is unlikely to be evenly distributed due to many variables including the prevailing winds, the altitude the contamination reaches before dispersion and the time period of release. (apjjf.org)
  • The data of annual releases from each commercial reactor in the world are reported by the United Nations' Scientific Committee on Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) periodically. (countercurrents.org)
  • As applied to radioactive waste, solidification and stabilization, although providing some additional radiation shielding, is principally used for physical immobilization of radioactive material. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, solidification and stabilization allows for the contaminated material to be safely stored until radioactive decay reduces the level of radiation emitted from the treated material to an acceptable level. (justia.com)
  • Everyone is radioactive, and everyone encounters radiation every day. (umich.edu)
  • While no radiation is "safe" the amounts of radiation that humans are exposed to every day are low enough that it does not present a hazard to public health. (umich.edu)
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation can also be by direct radiation from the plants and fuels themselves, though not released to the environment. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Worldwide, scientists are using publicly accessible meteorological tools to track how released radiation might be transported through the atmosphere. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • On March 24, one of Partner Therapeutics international distributors -Tanner Pharma Group - said in a press release that it has partnered with the drugmaker to significantly increase the drug's inventory in Europe in response to the war in Ukraine and the "escalating potential for incidents that could require rapid deployment of medical interventions to treat radiation or chemical exposure. (localnews8.com)
  • equivalent to releases from four bombs like the one dropped on Hiroshima. (drb.ie)
  • In assessing the significance of atmospheric releases, the Cs-137 figure is multiplied by 40 and added to the I-131 number to give an 'iodine-131 equivalent' figure. (world-nuclear.org)
  • They assert that the potential radioactive contamination problem associated with the material in the spent fuel pools could be reduced by moving assemblies that have been out of reactors for more than five years into licensed dry storage containers. (atomicinsights.com)
  • No. 60/657,008 entitled Low-Temperature Solidification of Radioactive and Hazardous Wastes filed Feb. 28, 2005. (justia.com)
  • This invention is directed to a process for the low-temperature solidification of radioactive and/or hazardous wastes that produce a waste form with enhanced chemical durability. (justia.com)
  • Over the last 20 years geopolymerization has emerged as a potential alternative to Portland cement grouts for applications such as the immobilization of inorganic hazardous waste and, more recently, of radioactive waste. (justia.com)
  • In the radioactive waste processing industry it is desirable to engage in solidification, stabilization, and immobilization of radioactive and hazardous waste to minimize and, preferably prevent the potentially deleterious effects of these wastes on the environment. (justia.com)
  • I am satisfied that this incident, although resulting in a release of iodine 131 has caused no hazard to public health. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • Sea Vegetables - According to a 1964 McGill University study published in the "Canadian Medical Association Journal," sodium alginate from kelp reduced radioactive strontium absorption in the intestines by 50 to 80 percent. (radiationdangers.com)
  • The Atomic Energy Commission recommends for maximum protection against radioactive poisoning for humans, taking a minimum of 2 to 3 ounces of sea vegetables a week or 10 grams (two tablespoons) a day of sodium alginate supplements. (radiationdangers.com)
  • Treatment of a radioactive waste stream is provided by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and/or potassium hydroxide (KOH) together with a rapidly dissolving form of silica, e.g., fumed silica or fly ash. (justia.com)
  • Analysis of the stack samples confirmed that a release of the radioactive isotope iodine 131 had occurred. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • The release from the stack of iodine 131, which had been measured at about 1.9 curies in the first 24 hours after the abnormal level was identified, had declined to about 0.4 curies per day by the morning of 8 October and has continued to decline. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • Iodine-131 Releases from the Oak Ridge Reservation? (cdc.gov)
  • More particularly, the invention is able to retain radioactive iodine and technetium in the product material and capture them in such a manner as to render them highly resistant to subsequent aqueous leaching, as might, for example, occur on exposure to ground waters in the environment. (justia.com)
  • Without knowing the chemical composition of the material being released, it is difficult to quantitatively estimate the efficiency of radionuclide removal by precipitation. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • After the hydrogen explosion in unit 1 on 12 March, some radioactive caesium and iodine were detected in the vicinity of the plant, having been released via the venting. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Further I-131 and Cs-137 and Cs-134 were apparently released during the following few days, particularly following the hydrogen explosion at unit 3 on 14 March and at unit 4 on 15 March. (world-nuclear.org)
  • The Hirakud Dam authorities had allegedly opened nine gates during the non-monsoon season which led to the tragic incident as no caution was sounded before the release of the water. (buildcoza.co.za)
  • If there is a loss of water or a failure of replenishment, the spent fuel will overheat and catch fire, releasing its radiotoxic contents. (apjjf.org)
  • The amount released to the atmosphere was very small because safety precautions came into play. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • Immobilization of the radioactive material prevents release of those materials into the environment. (justia.com)
  • Grout materials are commonly used to immobilize low-level radioactive waste. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, there remains some uncertainty about the exact sources and timings of the radioactive releases. (world-nuclear.org)
  • This is only a hazard for those on the plant site, and the level diminishes with distance from the radioactive source. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Radioactive releases are measured by the amount of (radio)activity in the material, and quoted in Becquerels. (world-nuclear.org)
  • the amount of a radioactive material that will undergo one decay (disintegration) per second. (cdc.gov)
  • Known formerly as Clinton Laboratories, isotope released to the X-10 was a pilot plant to show how pluto environment from the nium could be produced and separated. (cdc.gov)
  • It is the chief hazard for the plant workers, who wear film badges so that the dose can be monitored. (world-nuclear.org)
  • En considérant que la dose annuelle moyenne est de 2,4 mSv, ce niveau de dose ne devrait pas être mortel. (fukushima-diary.com)
  • Canadian researchers reported that sea vegetables contained a polysaccharide substance that selectively bound radioactive strontium and helped eliminate it from the body. (radiationdangers.com)
  • At first it is a bit unpleasant, as toxins are released from all over the body. (projectavalon.net)
  • Four years on, and it was still highly radioactive," John said. (uchicago.edu)
  • Also ten times more iodine is attributed to unit 2 than unit 1, while unit 3 produced half as much as unit 1. (world-nuclear.org)
  • The half-life with respect to radioactive decay varies broadly as well. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • During these operations and because of former waste disposal practices, oily PCB fluids were spilled onto the ground and released into nearby creeks and ponds. (cdc.gov)
  • This revitalizes the energetic and autonomous systems, releasing blockages at every level. (projectavalon.net)
  • Careful surveillance, including monitoring of further releases of iodine still within the plant, continued. (theyworkforyou.com)
  • The models devel most important way in oped by the Task 1 team predicted that I-131 releases were most highly concentrated in the which people might communities of Gallaher Bend and Bradbury, downwind of the X-10 site. (cdc.gov)