• Significant exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors would most likely be the result of accidental release of methyl isocyanate to the air such as occurred in Bhopal, India in 1984, where the primary effect was pulmonary edema with some alveolar wall destruction. (cdc.gov)
  • The accidental release of a methylisocyanate cloud (composed of phosgene and isocyanate) was implicated in the Bhopal disaster in 1984. (medscape.com)
  • In the early morning hours of December 03, 1984, over forty (40) tonnes of methyl isocyanate (MIC) leaked from the Union Carbide India plant in Bhopal, India. (onepetro.org)
  • Like the Bhopal, India catastrophe, the sudden and unexpected release of a highly hazardous substance initiated a series of events that led to a significant loss of life and assets. (onepetro.org)
  • The video entitled "Reflections on Bhopal After Thirty Years" chronicles how on December 2, 1984, water inadvertently entered a storage tank containing more than 80,000 pounds of methyl isocyanate, or MIC, which reacts react violently with water. (csb.gov)
  • In the wake of Bhopal, Congress enacted new laws to increase chemical emergency preparedness and to require companies to develop process safety and risk management programs, and to report their worst-case release scenarios. (csb.gov)
  • Furthermore, had the Institute plant vessel that exploded taken a different trajectory, pieces of it could have struck piping connected to a storage tank containing 13,700 pounds of MIC, potentially causing a large release of the same highly toxic chemical that killed thousands in Bhopal. (csb.gov)
  • The institute will be focused on environmental health and situated in Bhopal, famous for the Union Carbide accident where several thousand people died due to an accidental release of methyl isocyanate. (cdc.gov)
  • Then there's the case of the managers at Bayer CropScience, who, according to a Congressional report released in April, withheld critical information from emergency responders during an accident at a plant in West Virginia that nearly resulted in the release of methyl isocyanate, the same chemical involved in the Bhopal catastrophe. (dirtdiggersdigest.org)
  • An accident at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal had released almost 30 tons of a highly toxic gas called methyl isocyanate, turning the city into a vast gas chamber. (thebetterindia.com)
  • On December 3, 1984, an incident at the Union Carbide insecticide plant in Bhopal, India, released a large cloud of MIC , methyl isocyanate gas, which killed an estimated 3,000 people and injured thousands more. (wvencyclopedia.org)
  • Bhopal accidental release. (lookformedical.com)
  • 1984 accident in Bhopal, INDIA at a PESTICIDES facility, resulting when WATER entered a storage tank containing ISOCYANATES. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Bhopal Accidental Release refers to a catastrophic gas leak from the Union Carbide Corporation's pesticide plant in Bhopal, India in 1984, resulting in thousands of deaths and long-term health effects for survivors. (lookformedical.com)
  • I'm sorry, but I'm not aware of any specific medical term or condition called "Bhopal Accidental Release. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Bhopal disaster is considered one of the worst industrial disasters in history, and it resulted in the release of a toxic gas, methyl isocyanate, from a Union Carbide Corporation pesticide plant. (lookformedical.com)
  • The second was an explosion of a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, that began on December 2 that year, and spewed 30 tons of the highly-toxic gas methyl isocyanate into the air. (lilith.org)
  • Winner of the 2017 Catherine Doctorow Innovative Fiction Prize by FC2/University of Alabama Press, Bhopal Dance will be released in March 2018. (lilith.org)
  • Remember back in December, 1984, when Union Carbide's plant in Bhopal, India, accidentally released methyl isocyanate gas into the air ? (electronpencil.com)
  • In the early hours of December 3rd 1984, between 30-40 tons of methyl isocyanate, a highly toxic gas, leaked from the Union Carbide pesticide plant just three miles outside of Bhopal, India. (bryanwaterman.org)
  • On the night of December 2-3, 1984 an explosion at the Union Carbide (UCIL) released an immense toxic cloud that spread into the surrounding metropolis of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. (famouspictures.org)
  • India has witnessed the world's worst chemical (industrial) disaster 'Bhopal Gas Tragedy' in 1984, where over thousands of people died due to accidental release of toxic gas Methyl Iso Cyanate (MIC). (ilearncana.com)
  • In 1953, the Union Carbide Corporation developed and marketed carbaryl, the insecticide being prepared at the plant in Bhopal, India, during the catastrophic release of methyl isocyanate in 1984 ( Chap. 2 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • In the early morning hours of December 2, 1984, an accident at the Union Carbide pesticide plant released 45 tons of lethal methyl isocyanate into the surrounding community of Bhopal, India. (aceenvironmental.net)
  • On the night of December 2, 1984, chemical, methyl isocyanate (MIC) spilt out from Union Carbide India Ltd's (UCIL's) pesticide factory turned the city of Bhopal into a colossal gas chamber. (535548.com)
  • This failure forced UCIL to halt methyl isocyanate production in Bhopal and the plant was partly shut for maintenance. (535548.com)
  • In the early hours of 3 December 1984 a relief valve on a storage tank containing highly toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) lifted. (hse.gov.uk)
  • On December 3, 1984, at a pesticide ingredient manufacturing facility owned by Union Carbide, a leak occurred in the Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) plant. (warrenforensics.com)
  • On 3 December 1984, the plant released an estimated forty two tonnes of poisonous methyl isocyanate gasoline, exposing greater than 500,000 individuals to gasoline and other chemicals. (lacomunidadfitness.com)
  • Between 1983 and 1984, thee were leaks of phosgene, carbon tetrachloride, methyl isocyanate and mono methylamine. (535548.com)
  • Methyl isocyanate is made by reacting methylamine with phosgene. (cdc.gov)
  • Methyl isocyanate is usually manufactured by the reaction of monomethylamine and phosgene. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 3000 people immediately perished from the accidental release of highly toxic MIC gas, and an additional 15 000 deaths, along with numerous health-related claims, were attributed to this event. (onepetro.org)
  • They are required to report annually to the state and local governments including reporting any accidental releases, in order to aid local emergency planning and preparedness activities. (safeopedia.com)
  • The following accidental chemical release and uncontrolled reaction resulted in several thousand deaths. (lookformedical.com)
  • 1976 accidental release of DIOXINS from a manufacturing facility in Seveso, ITALY following an equipment failure. (lookformedical.com)
  • Reports show that the immediate cause of the incident was the accidental release of water into a tank of the chemical methyl isocyanate (MIC), triggering a runaway chemical reaction. (aofirs.org)
  • Accidental release of toxic or corrosive chemicals. (rlsdhamal.com)
  • At temperatures below 39ºC (102ºF), methyl isocyanate is a very flammable colorless liquid that readily evaporates when exposed to air. (cdc.gov)
  • Methyl isocyanate liquid is colorless with a pungent odor. (cdc.gov)
  • Isopropyl isocyanate is a colorless liquid and it possesses strong pungent odor. (cmfenews.com)
  • The consequence of the out of control exothermic process was a runaway reaction and the direct release of 42 tons of MIC to the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the modern warfare era, CWAs were first used in World War I in 1915 when the German military released 168 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium, killing an estimated 5000 Allied troops. (medscape.com)
  • A gas leak at the US-owned pesticide plant exposed around 550,000 people to about 40 tons of methyl isocyanate gas . (safeopedia.com)
  • Approximately, 3,000-6,000 people died and 200,000 injured due to the leak of 40 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas from a pesticide plant. (lookformedical.com)
  • Negligence in facility maintenance and lack of adequate safety measures resulted in the release of 40 tons of toxic methyl isocyanate gas. (pcweb.info)
  • Persons whose skin or clothing is contaminated with liquid methyl isocyanate can secondarily contaminate rescuers by direct contact or through offgassing of vapor. (cdc.gov)
  • Around midnight of the night of December 2nd and 3rd, a large flow of water entered tank 610, containing 42 tonnes of methyl isocyanate, at the Union Carbide factory. (famouspictures.org)
  • At least 30 tonnes of methyl isocyanate gas killed more than 15,000 people and affected over 600,000 workers. (535548.com)
  • Acute exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors below the odor threshold can be irritating to the eye and respiratory epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the odor of methyl isocyanate cannot be detected at 5 ppm by most people, its potent lachrymal properties provide an excellent warning of its presence (at a concentration of 2-4 parts per million (ppm) subject's eyes are irritated, while at 21 ppm, subjects could not tolerate the presence of methyl isocyanate in air). (wikipedia.org)
  • The gas leak released methyl isocyanate (MIC) which led to the deaths of over 5,000 people and adversely affected the health of lakhs more. (amazonaws.com)
  • Many, including local activists and the Indian government, argued that poor management and maintenance led to a backflow of water into the methyl isocyanate tank and led to the leak. (bryanwaterman.org)
  • Methyl isocyanate reacts readily with many substances that contain N-H or O-H groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isopropyl isocyanate is incompatible with several groups of chemical compounds and it reacts exothermally, releasing noxious gases. (cmfenews.com)
  • Irritant gases are those which, when inhaled, dissolve in the water of the respiratory tract mucosa and cause an inflammatory response, usually due to the release of acidic or alkaline radicals. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This pressure triggered the emergency venting procedure which released a large volume of toxic gases into the atmosphere. (famouspictures.org)
  • Methyl isocyanate contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the chemical configuration CH3NCO. (eurekalert.org)
  • More than 200 of these are known poisons, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and methyl isocyanate. (ochsner.org)
  • In 1969, the UCIL factory was made to produce Sevin (a pesticide) using methyl isocyanate as an intermediate. (535548.com)
  • According to DuPont officials and media reports, four people were killed when methyl mercaptan, a toxic chemical used as feedstock to make insecticides and fungicide, was released into the air. (inspectioneering.com)
  • In November 2014, a worker was overcome at a DuPont chemical manufacturing facility when a supply line unexpectedly released more than 20,000 lbs. of methyl mercaptan, a deadly chemical. (inspectioneering.com)
  • Nearly 24,000 pounds of deadly methyl mercaptan escaped in the middle of the night through two valves in a poorly ventilated manufacturing building. (inspectioneering.com)
  • The two workers were killed when liquid methyl mercaptan drained from the open valves, filling the room with toxic vapor. (inspectioneering.com)
  • Days prior to the accident, water had mixed with liquid methyl mercaptan in piping. (inspectioneering.com)
  • Inhalation is the major route of exposure to methyl isocyanate. (cdc.gov)
  • Significant dermal exposure to methyl isocyanate would not likely occur outside an occupational environment in which methyl isocyanate is stored or used. (cdc.gov)
  • The covert release of ricin may not be immediately recognized, since the incubation period between exposure and symptom onset ranges from 4 to 12 hours. (cdc.gov)
  • Suspect terrorism release of ricin when there is a sudden unusual temporal or geographic clustering of otherwise healthy persons manifesting a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms/toxic effects typical for ricin exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The size of an outbreak associated with intentional ricin release would depend upon several factors, including method of release, quantity released, duration of release, environmental conditions, location of exposure, persistence in air, and/or contamination of water or food. (cdc.gov)
  • This scientific opinion was again confirmed in 2006 by the release of an important document entitled "The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. (ochsner.org)
  • The present study provides in vivo evidence that a GSH mediated pathway underlies asthma-like eosinophilic inflammatory responses to respiratory tract isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • A cloud of MIC gas was released which drifted onto nearby housing. (hse.gov.uk)
  • By then, most of the plant's methyl isocyanate related safety systems were malfunctioning. (535548.com)
  • Synonyms are isocyanatomethane and methyl carbylamine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most people can smell methyl isocyanate vapors at levels as low as 2 to 5 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • Odors of methyl isocyanate may not provide adequate warning of hazardous concentrations because the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) limit is only 3 ppm and the threshold for detection of methyl isocyanate vapors ranges from 2 to 5 ppm in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Direct contact with liquid or concentrated vapors of methyl isocyanate may cause irritation of the skin or eyes and severe ocular damage. (cdc.gov)
  • Health(IDLH) limit is only 3 ppm and the threshold for detection of methyl isocyanate vapors ranges from 2 to 5 ppm in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Seveso has witnessed the horrible accident of the release of a plume of tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin (TCDD) contaminated vapors from a pesticide plant. (ecofriend.com)
  • Although unlikely, ingestion of liquid methyl isocyanate could produce severe gastrointestinal irritation. (cdc.gov)
  • A mixture of methyl isocyanate and two moles of hydrogen chloride is formed, but N-methylcarbamoyl chloride (MCC) forms as the mixture is condensed, leaving one mole of hydrogen chloride as a gas. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the six-cycle experiments (at the rear instructor location), OSB-fueled fires produced the highest median concentrations of benzene and 1,3 butadiene, plywood-fueled fires produced the highest total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, particle board-fueled fires produced the highest methyl isocyanate concentrations, and pallet-fueled fires produced the highest hydrogen chloride concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Airborne concentrations of chemicals capable of causing such adverse health effects or of impeding escape from high-risk conditions may arise from a variety of nonroutine workplace situations, including special work procedures (e.g., in confined spaces), industrial accidents (e.g., chemical spills or explosions), and chemical releases into the community (e.g., during transportation incidents or other uncon- trolled-release scenarios). (cdc.gov)
  • The primary use of methyl isocyanate is as a chemical intermediate in the production of pesticides. (cdc.gov)
  • Methyl isocyanate is an intermediate chemical in the production of carbamate pesticides (such as carbaryl, carbofuran, methomyl, and aldicarb). (wikipedia.org)
  • Isopropyl isocyanate is principally used as an intermediate for the manufacture of several industrial chemicals in industries such as fertilizers, pharmaceutical, and chemical. (cmfenews.com)
  • Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3NCO. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isopropyl isocyanate is an organic compound that belongs to the isocyanate group. (cmfenews.com)
  • In the present study, sensory irritants are characterized by the stimulation of neuropeptide release from sensory nerves in the nasal mucosa, while pulmonary irritants are characterized by recruitment of PMN into bronchoalveolar airspaces, elevation of breathing frequency, and neuropeptide release from sensory fibers innervating the epithelium of the conducting airways. (cdc.gov)
  • Methyl isocyanate is handled and transported as a very flammable and explosive liquid. (cdc.gov)
  • A subsequent runaway reaction overheated the tank and resulted in a massive toxic gas release. (csb.gov)
  • The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • Sources suggest that inefficiency during installation, ignorance of safety measures, and lack of safety valves to prevent the mixing of water into the Methyl isocyanate tanks helps this accident occur. (ecofriend.com)
  • Methyl isocyanate is readily absorbed through the upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • When an explosion in northern Italy's Seveso rocked the area just outside of Milan, it released a cloudy, thick fog of dioxin that settled over the town. (aceenvironmental.net)
  • Significant exposures to methyl isocyanate occur primarily in occupational settings. (cdc.gov)
  • The release of methyl isocyanate (MIC) caused the immediate death of 3,787 people living in the surrounding shanty town. (greenspec.co.uk)
  • Eventually thousands more died from toxic gas-related illnesses - the release eventually killed tens of thousands of people. (csb.gov)
  • SARA passed two years later in an effort to prevent similar incidents by imposing taxes on the chemical and petroleum industries and authorizing the federal government to respond directly in the event of a chemical release that could be harmful to people or the natural environment. (safeopedia.com)
  • The tragedy led to new concerns about safety at chemical plants, including a Union Carbide methyl isocyanate plant in the Kanawha Valley. (wvencyclopedia.org)
  • The explosion on BP's Deepwater Horizon rig that released a whole lot of thousands of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico has been referred to as a catastrophe" by many. (lacomunidadfitness.com)
  • In 2010 the Deepwater Horizon , an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded, releasing over 130 gallons of oil into the pristine waters around it. (aceenvironmental.net)
  • Proper care must be taken to store methyl isocyanate because of its ease of exothermically polymerizing (see Reactions) and its similar sensitivity to water. (wikipedia.org)
  • They concluded, around 3 years later in The Jackson Browning Report , that a large volume of water had been put into the methyl isocyanate tank. (bryanwaterman.org)
  • It is widely held that this release of water was due to poor maintenance of the water pipes and valves leading to the tank (Eckerman 2005). (aofirs.org)
  • The amount of methyl isocyanate they detected -- the abundance -- with respect to molecular hydrogen and other tracers is comparable to previous detections around two high-mass protostars (i.e. within the massive hot molecular cores of Orion KL and Sagittarius B2. (eurekalert.org)
  • The molecular formula of isopropyl isocyanate is (CH3) 2 CHNCO and its molecular weight is 85.11. (cmfenews.com)
  • This receptor facilitates the extraction of PO43- from strongly basic aqueous solutions into chloroform using liquid-liquid extraction, followed by its release as the H2PO4- anion into an acidic solution. (bvsalud.org)
  • Persons exposed only to methyl isocyanate gas pose no risk of secondary contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • Increasingly stringent regulations regarding the use of toxic chemicals across the world are anticipated to restrain the growth of the isopropyl isocyanate market during the forecast period. (cmfenews.com)
  • Some of the key players operating in the global isopropyl isocyanate market are Beijing Hwrk Chemicals, TCI Japan, 3B Scientific Corporation, NovoChemy, Alfa Chemistry, J&K Scientific, Meryer Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang Sdyano Fine Chemical, and HBCChem, and Waterstone Technology. (cmfenews.com)
  • The Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 is an act that governs the cleanup of hazardous waste sites and response procedures in the event of an uncontrolled release of hazardous substances. (safeopedia.com)
  • U.S. and Canada are expected to significantly increase their production of isopropyl isocyanate market during the next decade. (cmfenews.com)
  • This system must include the systematic identification of hazards, risk level, and control strategies or corrective actions needed to prevent and/or minimize the consequences of a hazardous substance release. (onepetro.org)
  • SARA provides the necessary resources to clean up hazardous waste and lays down emergency plans to follow in the event a hazardous substance is released. (safeopedia.com)
  • Both are required to create emergency response plans for hazardous substance releases. (safeopedia.com)
  • In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels than adults in the same location because of their short stature and the higher levels of methyl isocyanate found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)
  • image: ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate -- a chemical building block of life. (eurekalert.org)
  • This image shows the spectacular region of star formation where methyl isocyanate was found. (eurekalert.org)
  • Following the discovery of sugars, we've now found methyl isocyanate. (eurekalert.org)
  • The World War I gas was being used to produce methyl-isocyanate (MIC), a chemical 500 times deadlier than hydrogen cyanide, so volatile that unless kept in spotless conditions and refrigerated to 0˚C, it can even react explosively with itself. (bhopal.net)