• Cases of widespread radioactive contamination include the Bikini Atoll, the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado, the area near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the area near the Chernobyl disaster, and the area near the Mayak disaster. (wikipedia.org)
  • At about 2:22 Eastern Daylight Time a journalist sent me a brief email to inform me that Dr. Jaczko had just told the House Energy and Commerce committee that the fuel pool at Fukushima Daiichi unit 4 was dry. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Are the meltdowns at Fukushima Daiichi over? (candobetter.net)
  • Made all the more prevalent a year out from it's initial release by the recent robotic expeditions into Reactor #2 which gave us a clearer picture on just how deadly the radiation levels are, watch Chief Engineer and nuclear expert Arnie Gundersen inform viewers on what's going on at the Japanese nuclear meltdown site, Fukushima Daiichi. (candobetter.net)
  • As the Japanese government and utility owner Tokyo Electric Power Company push for the quick decommissioning and dismantling of this man-made disaster, the press and scientists need to ask, "Why is the Ukrainian government waiting at least 100 years to attempt to decommission Chernobyl, while the Japanese Government and TEPCO claim that Fukushima Daiichi will be decommissioned and dismantled during the next 30 years? (candobetter.net)
  • To understand Fukushima Daiichi, you need to follow the money. (candobetter.net)
  • BBC Radio interviewed nuclear engineer Arnie Gundersen to discuss TEPCO's attempts to send a special robot into Fukushima Daiichi Reactor #2 in Japan to investigate the obstacles in the way of TEPCO's progress determining the location and condition of the atomic fuel. (candobetter.net)
  • 3. At one plant, the 40-year old Fukushima Daiichi (unit #1 opened in 1971), the backup diesel generators supply power to the core cooling system failed (apparently due to damage from the tsunami). (blogspot.com)
  • In the north of Ukraine, then a Soviet republic, Chernobyl nuclear power plant was a thriving extensive enterprise served by the purpose-built town of Pripyat when on April 26th, 1986, reactor No 4 exploded, vaporising about five per cent of the core and spewing radioactive flames and gases high into the air. (drb.ie)
  • Although gamma-ray measurements supported that radioactivity levels in almost all foodstuffs were far below the Japanese regulatory limit, it was unknown how much of the detected radioactivity originated from the Fukushima accident as opposed to pre-Fukushima events such as the atmospheric nuclear explosions 12 that have been conducted since 1945 and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident of 1986. (nature.com)
  • To give a sense of the time scales involved in the real world, in order to contain the radioactive remains from the accident at the Chernobyl reactor (whose effects have been likened to a single, huge dirty bomb) engineers had to construct a 32,000-ton concrete sarcophagus, taller than the Statue of Liberty, and designed to stand at least 100 years. (uchicago.edu)
  • Just Fukushima, Chernobyl and Three Mile Island is 5 accidents. (skepticalscience.com)
  • It's hard to forget names like Three Mile Island, Chernobyl , and Fukushima where radiation leaks or full-on meltdowns jolted us to the consequences of nuclear disasters. (a-z-animals.com)
  • The heat released by fission in nuclear reactors must be captured and transferred for use in electricity generation. (wren-clothing.com)
  • Beta radiation includes fission products from nuclear reactors including Cesium-134, Cesium-137 and Strontium-90. (enviroreporter.com)
  • Although 134 Cs and 137 Cs involve different generation processes in nuclear reactors and the 134 Cs/ 137 Cs activity ratio depends on the extent of fuel burnup in each reactor, their yield will be higher compared to other fission or activation products. (nature.com)
  • Tens of thousands were feared dead or missing, entire towns washed away, and Tokyo Electric Power Company's (TEPCO) nuclear reactors at Fukushima were believed to be in trouble. (eprijournal.com)
  • Nuclear power reactors are fueled mostly with low-enriched and natural uranium, which undergoes a fission chain reaction releasing heat and creating radioactive fission products and plutonium and other transuranic elements. (thebulletin.org)
  • The intensely hot and highly radioactive spent nuclear fuel from power reactors is unloaded into a water-filled pool immediately adjacent to the reactor to allow its heat and radiation level to decrease. (thebulletin.org)
  • By decommissioning both reactors simultaneously, FirstEnergy said, it can use Exelon's fuel storage equipment to contain the "small quantities of core debris and fission products" that still remain from Unit 2′s partial meltdown, which occurred after a series of mechanical and human errors led to a loss of coolant, allowing the uranium fuel to overheat. (uchicago.edu)
  • They assert that the potential radioactive contamination problem associated with the material in the spent fuel pools could be reduced by moving assemblies that have been out of reactors for more than five years into licensed dry storage containers. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Nuclear fission is the process that is used in nuclear reactors to produce a high amount of energy using an element called uranium. (conserve-energy-future.com)
  • This allowed pressure to build up in at least one of the reactors cores to about 50% higher than normal (unit 1), and requires venting of very mildly radioactive steam (contains trace levels of tritium). (blogspot.com)
  • f.e. been hearing of exposed/non-exposed MOX/regular rods/cores in 1/2/3 reactors and anyway Fukushima 1 insides are not in a pretty shape after that explosion with 1tn reinforced concrete slabs flying for 100m. (blogspot.com)
  • Today, they supply about 20% of America's energy, though by the 2040s, this share may drop to 10% as companies shut down decades-old reactors, according to a January 2017 report released by Idaho National Laboratory (INL). (businessinsider.com)
  • Fusion reactors promise to produce cleaner energy with less dangerous radioactive waste, but the technology is still not advanced enough to count on them as a power source. (a-z-animals.com)
  • Radioactive contamination, also called radiological pollution, is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable (from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) definition). (wikipedia.org)
  • Such contamination presents a hazard because the radioactive decay of the contaminants produces ionizing radiation (namely alpha, beta, gamma rays and free neutrons). (wikipedia.org)
  • The degree of hazard is determined by the concentration of the contaminants, the energy of the radiation being emitted, the type of radiation, and the proximity of the contamination to organs of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is important to be clear that the contamination gives rise to the radiation hazard, and the terms "radiation" and "contamination" are not interchangeable. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radioactive contamination can be due to a variety of causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radioactive contamination may also be an inevitable result of certain processes, such as the release of radioactive xenon in nuclear fuel reprocessing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nuclear fallout is the distribution of radioactive contamination by the 520 atmospheric nuclear explosions that took place from the 1950s to the 1980s. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contamination does not include residual radioactive material remaining at a site after the completion of decommissioning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, radioactive material in sealed and designated containers is not properly referred to as contamination, although the units of measurement might be the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • Containment is the primary way of preventing contamination from being released into the environment or coming into contact with or being ingested by humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Being within the intended Containment differentiates radioactive material from radioactive contamination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Significant problems may result from decommissioning of cooling ponds with residual radioactive contamination. (wren-clothing.com)
  • Our study clarified the 137 Cs contamination in 75 of all 259 food samples before and after the Fukushima nuclear accident, showing that not only mushrooms but also fish had been contaminated before the Fukushima accident. (nature.com)
  • While this campaign produced a large dataset of radiocesium contamination levels in food, no quantitative method existed to distinguish between the detected 137 Cs that originated from the Fukushima accident and the detected 137 Cs that originated from prior deliberate or accidental releases of the radionuclide. (nature.com)
  • The spread of airborne contamination is unlikely to be evenly distributed due to many variables including the prevailing winds, the altitude the contamination reaches before dispersion and the time period of release. (apjjf.org)
  • The organisation has previously drawn attention to routine Tritium releases and the resulting contamination of borehole water and the water table surrounding Koeberg, in its submissions on the environmental impact of a previous project known as Nuclear 1 - is now concerned about further issues which have emerged from an informal forensic study of the discharge. (medialternatives.com)
  • The actual problem, which is as serious as radioactive contamination, is where to move the 30 million people from around Tokyo. (fukushima-diary.com)
  • Although U.S. nuclear power plant regulators monitor operational safety, natural hazards (such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes), human error, mechanical failure, and design flaws can still trigger the release of radioactive contamination. (nrdc.org)
  • Radioactive uranium contamination would become part of the 'dross' during the melting, leaving the majority of metals to be cast as ingots for future use. (wise-uranium.org)
  • Nickel, since it has 30 neutrons, loses a proton and gains a neutron to become radioactive Cobalt-58, which itself experiences its own decay chain. (medialternatives.com)
  • The neutrons that are released by one atomic fission go on to fission other nuclei, triggering a chain reaction that produces heat, radiation, and radioactive waste products. (nrdc.org)
  • That's why power plants use "control rods" that absorb some of the released neutrons, preventing them from causing further fissions. (nrdc.org)
  • That is, neutrons from radioactive decay split atoms of Uranium, releasing energy and more neutrons. (a-z-animals.com)
  • These are inserted between the fuel rods and can be lowered or raised to absorb more or less of the neutrons of the reaction and keep them from triggering more fission. (a-z-animals.com)
  • This releases a few new neutrons and a large amount of energy. (stuk.fi)
  • The neutrons produced by the fission of the nucleus can in turn cause new fissions, allowing a chain reaction to occur. (stuk.fi)
  • The kinetic energy of the nuclei and neutrons that result from the fission is converted into thermal energy when they collide with other atoms. (stuk.fi)
  • Radioactive substances are also produced when neutrons released during fission collide with the nuclei of atoms in the reactor's structural materials or in the cooling water. (stuk.fi)
  • A reactor achieves criticality (and is above-mentioned to be critical) when shore fission occurrence releases a adequate countless of neutrons to sustain an ongoing order of reactions. (sahmy.com)
  • A reactor achieves criticality (and is above-mentioned to be critical) when shore fission releases a adequate countless of neutrons to sustain an ongoing order of nuclear reactions. (sahmy.com)
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation can also be by direct radiation from the plants and fuels themselves, though not released to the environment. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Editor's Note: This article is going to have to be an ongoing, work-in-progress, as it takes a lot of time to research, review, and rebut the 'tsunami' of BS and disinformation assembled by a growing phalanx of Fukushima radiation fear promoters. (educate-yourself.org)
  • For now, I'll start with an introduction to the main protagonists and fold in the writings of other critics and debunkers of the Fukushima Radiation Scare Corps. (educate-yourself.org)
  • I posted my first article on Fukushima radiation alarmism (which currently floods the Internet) just 8 days after the March 11, 2011 attack on Japan . (educate-yourself.org)
  • And I've yet to hear or see one of these Youtube Fukushima radiation fear fest (or radio interviews) include an opportunity for someone from the other side of the fence to counter or challenge the statements from these nuclear energy critics. (educate-yourself.org)
  • Within a few days of the 3/11 attack on Japan, it became clear that rense.com was destined to become Command Central for the Fukushima radiation fear promotion campaign. (educate-yourself.org)
  • I can't get over how many the-sky-is-falling , Fukushima radiation 'catastrophy' aticles (and radio interviews) are posted to that web site on a daily basis. (educate-yourself.org)
  • Another web site that leads the pack in pounding away at the Fukushima radiation party line is enenews.com . (educate-yourself.org)
  • At the point of criticality, the nuclear fission chain reaction became self-sustaining and began to emit intense gamma and neutron radiation, triggering alarms. (world-nuclear.org)
  • The next task was to install shielding to protect people outside the building from gamma radiation from the fission products in the tank. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Should the intense radiation become too onerous, players will be pleased to know that the effects only last a few hours -laughably out of whack with the real world in regards to the time required for the half-life of various nuclear fission products to decay to a safe level. (uchicago.edu)
  • While being environmentally friendly is the big plus of this energy, disposal of radioactive waste and protecting people and the environment from its radiation is a big con of nuclear energy. (conserve-energy-future.com)
  • But when a neutron strikes the nucleus of certain atoms-uranium, for example-this atomic center can break into pieces in a process called nuclear fission, releasing enormous energy in the form of heat and radiation. (nrdc.org)
  • If uncontrolled, that chain reaction could produce so much heat that the nuclear reactor core itself could actually melt and release dangerous radiation. (nrdc.org)
  • After the fuel rods have been used up, they are still radioactive and have to be disposed of someplace that will not be disturbed for thousands of years until their radiation is no longer at a dangerous level. (a-z-animals.com)
  • If a reactor is damaged in such a way that fission products are released into the environment, the radiation emitted by the reactor as it decays can cause damage to humans and wildlife. (stuk.fi)
  • The radiation from radioactive fission products causes the formation of so-called "afterheat" in the fuel. (stuk.fi)
  • When the reactor is shut down, the heat generated by the fission reactions stops very quickly, but the radiation from the decay of the fission products continues to heat the fuel for a long time. (stuk.fi)
  • RADIATION is the term given to the particles and/or energy emitted by radioactive material as it disintegrates. (docslib.org)
  • Radiation emitted by radioactive material can produce IONIZATIONS and, therefore, is called IONIZING RADIATION . (docslib.org)
  • We performed gamma-ray analysis to determine the amount of radioactive cesium-134 ( 134 Cs) and cesium-137 ( 137 Cs) in 259 foodstuffs five years after the Fukushima nuclear accident of 2011. (nature.com)
  • The amount of radioactive material in the reactor cooling cycle is less than one hundred thousandth of the activity of the fission products contained in the fuel in the reactor. (stuk.fi)
  • The power of the residual heat decreases over time as the amount of radioactive fission products resulting from the decay decreases. (stuk.fi)
  • However, the use of PFPEs in the nuclear industry can lead to partial decomposition and carrying radionuclides, resulting in a large amount of radioactive waste PFPE lubricants annually. (bvsalud.org)
  • Elements like uranium and thorium, and their decay products, are present in rock and soil. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the infamous Three Mile Island nuclear accident 40 years ago, most of the reactor's partially melted uranium fuel was hauled away to the Idaho National Lab, where the radioactive waste now slowly decays in steel and concrete containers, awaiting long-term disposal. (uchicago.edu)
  • The energy released from the fission of uranium atoms heats water, which produces steam. (nrdc.org)
  • Radon and thoron (collectively called rfadon) are natural radioactive decay products of Uranium-238 and Thorium-232. (studyres.com)
  • The uranium 'dross' would be sent to low level radioactive disposal cells in the West. (wise-uranium.org)
  • Nuclear power plants use rods of radioactive uranium pellets to produce fission reactions, heating water and generating electricity. (a-z-animals.com)
  • Nuclear power plants use ceramic pellets of radioactive uranium that are sealed into metal fuel rods. (a-z-animals.com)
  • The nuclear fission occurs when a neutron hits a uranium nucleus, which splits into two lighter nuclei. (stuk.fi)
  • Small amounts of fission products may be released into the water cooling the fuel rods, either by leakage of the fuel rod cladding or by cracking of the uranium nuclei, which are a microscopic impurity on the outer surface of the fuel. (stuk.fi)
  • Half lives range from millionths of a second for highly radioactive fission products to billions of years for long-lived materials (such as naturally occurring uranium). (docslib.org)
  • TEPCO faces a huge clean-up bill for the nuclear disaster at Fukushima, along with colossal compensation claims from those affected. (blogspot.com)
  • On 1/18/2014, Tepco released the video of possible coolant water leaking out to reactor3 building. (fukushima-diary.com)
  • Cooling water contaminated with radioactive fission products, mostly cesium, was collecting faster than TEPCO could store it. (eprijournal.com)
  • Radioactivity in the cooling water flowing through the core is mainly the activation product nitrogen-16, formed by neutron capture from oxygen. (world-nuclear.org)
  • They become radioactive due to neutron bombardment as they circulate through the reactor with the primary circuit cooling water. (medialternatives.com)
  • short supplement on the "fast" and "thermal" in front of the word "breeder": In a nuclear fission reaction a neutron splits an atom. (randform.org)
  • In fission, the nuclear fuel is placed in a nuclear reactor core and the atoms making up the fuel are broken into pieces, releasing energy. (nrdc.org)
  • A RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL contains atoms which are unstable and attempt to become more stable by ejecting particles , electromagnetic energy ( photons ), or both. (docslib.org)
  • RADIOACTIVITY is a term which indicates how many radioactive atoms are disintegrating in a time period and is measured in units of CURIES. (docslib.org)
  • The half life of any radioactive material is the length of time necessary for one half of the atoms of that material to decay to some other material. (docslib.org)
  • The NEA is organising the 16th Information Exchange Meeting on Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (16IEMPT) on 24-27 October 2023 . (oecd-nea.org)
  • In a nuclear power plant, heat is produced in a nuclear reactor, where a controlled chain reaction of fission products is generated. (stuk.fi)
  • In nuclear accidents, a measure of the type and amount of radioactivity released, such as from a reactor containment failure, is known as the source term. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2002. The accidental sinking of the nuclear submarine, the Kursk: monitoring of radioactivity and the preliminary assessment of the potential impact of radioactive releases. (cdc.gov)
  • Using measurements of trace 134 Cs radioactivity, we investigated the contribution ratio of 137 Cs derived from the Fukushima accident on 2011 and pre-Fukushima. (nature.com)
  • Using the trace radioactivity of short-lived 134 Cs in foodstuffs, we then evaluated the contribution ratio of Fukushima-derived 137 Cs in general foodstuffs in Japan. (nature.com)
  • It is widely accepted that spent nuclear fuel and high-level reprocessing and plutonium wastes require well-designed storage for periods ranging from tens of thousands to a million years, to minimize releases of the contained radioactivity into the environment. (thebulletin.org)
  • Elemental Tritium is able to diffuse through metals, particularly in the presence of heat, and is a direct consequence of fission, where production of Tritium occurs in about "one atom per 10,000 fissions" as a direct consequence of the fission process. (medialternatives.com)
  • In a nuclear power plant, the thermal energy needed to steam water is generated by the fission or fission reaction of atomic nuclei, whereas in conventional steam power plants, the heat is generated by the combustion of a fuel such as oil or coal. (stuk.fi)
  • Radioactive fallout from a nuclear reactor can be considered in two groups: isotopes of the noble gases (xenon, krypton-133) are radioactive elements with a very low chemical reactivity, relatively short half-lives, are not retained by the body and they remain and become dispersed in the air without ground deposition. (apjjf.org)
  • The second and more dangerous radioactive fallout group is represented by mainly the radioactive isotopes of iodine, cesium, and tellurium. (apjjf.org)
  • to store spent fuel, which includes some isotopes that remain lethally radioactive for tens of thousands of years. (uchicago.edu)
  • Specifically, they are worried about the fact that U.S. spent fuel pools are loaded with a large quantity of fuel assemblies that have been used to generate power and thus contain radioactive isotopes, including cesium-137, a gamma emitting isotope with a 30-year half life. (atomicinsights.com)
  • In particular the production of elemental Tritium (3H) and tritiated water (3H2O) during the course of nuclear fission. (medialternatives.com)
  • Moreover, irradiation of boron dissolved in the coolant water creates hydrogen-3, i.e. tritium, the radioactive isotope of hydrogen. (medialternatives.com)
  • Regarding releases to air and water leakage from Fukushima, the main radionuclide from among the many kinds of fission products in the fuel was volatile iodine-131, which has a half-life of 8 days. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Nuclear energy is the energy released by a chain of reaction, specifically by nuclear fission or fusion in the reactor. (conserve-energy-future.com)
  • 200 or more of these rods are bundled together to create a controlled fission reaction. (a-z-animals.com)
  • The irregular operating state of a reactor, in which nuclear fuel sustains a fission bind reaction. (sahmy.com)
  • The decomposition of PFPE chains was proceed down and volatile fluorine-containing gas was released by partial electron transfer, intramolecular disproportionation reaction, and unzipping fashion. (bvsalud.org)
  • The survey conducted by Fukushima Prefecture from April 2015 to April 2016 revealed that 23,837 of the 23,855 foods (over 99.9%) produced in Fukushima had radiocesium concentrations below the regulatory limit 11 . (nature.com)
  • In this study, we first performed gamma-ray analysis to investigate the distribution of radiocesium in 259 general foodstuffs five years after the Fukushima accident. (nature.com)
  • And that FDU-3 stream/river is presumably contaminated by MOX fuel and the usual daughter fission products radiocesium, radiostrontium and all the rest. (fukushima-diary.com)
  • There is also often some leakage from fuel elements of fission products, including noble gases and iodine-131. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Moreover, radioactive waste PFPE lubricants are difficult to be effectively treated due to their high stability, the risk of possible leakage of radionuclides, and hypertoxic fluorine-containing by-products. (bvsalud.org)
  • Failure to maintain this system leaves the country at a huge loss should radiological releases happen due to nuclear plant malfunctions and meltdowns as well as terrorism by an expanding list of American enemies who vow to destroy it. (enviroreporter.com)
  • A collective statement of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee from 2014 states that maintaining records, knowledge and memory (RK&M) for a radioactive waste repository after its closure wi . (oecd-nea.org)
  • Here we summarize the findings of this report on the history and current status of radioactive waste management in ten countries. (thebulletin.org)
  • These numbers come mostly from national reports under the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management . (thebulletin.org)
  • For convenience in discussion, we considered this period as in 2016, five years after the Fukushima accident. (nature.com)
  • Following an atmospheric nuclear weapon discharge or a nuclear reactor containment breach, the air, soil, people, plants, and animals in the vicinity will become contaminated by nuclear fuel and fission products. (wikipedia.org)
  • In assessing the significance of atmospheric releases, the Cs-137 figure is multiplied by 40 and added to the I-131 number to give an 'iodine-131 equivalent' figure. (world-nuclear.org)
  • There are a large number of techniques for containing radioactive materials so that it does not spread beyond the containment and become contaminated. (wikipedia.org)
  • The idea is that any steam released, either through relief valves or through a fault inside the primary containment would be conducted through the downcomers (the diagonal pipes that lead to the torus) and into the sparger system (the series of pipes shown in the torus cut-away) inside the torus that releases the steam underwater where it immediately condenses. (johndearmond.com)
  • The loss of cooling would rapidly lead to a meltdown of the fuel, which could release large quantities of radioactive fission products into the containment and, in the worst case, into the environment. (stuk.fi)
  • When a radioactive atom ejects particles and/or photons, the atom undergoes a process called DISINTEGRATION (or decay). (docslib.org)
  • After the hydrogen explosion in unit 1 on 12 March, some radioactive caesium and iodine were detected in the vicinity of the plant, having been released via the venting. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Further I-131 and Cs-137 and Cs-134 were apparently released during the following few days, particularly following the hydrogen explosion at unit 3 on 14 March and at unit 4 on 15 March. (world-nuclear.org)
  • There was no explosion, though fission products were progressively released inside the building. (world-nuclear.org)
  • TV footage showed smoke rising from Fukushima plant's reactor 3, a day after an explosion hit reactor 1. (blogspot.com)
  • Momentum in regards to disposal solutions for radioactive waste has rapidly picked up over the last five years. (oecd-nea.org)
  • Results demonstrate the potential for microbes to influence the geochemistry of radioactive waste disposal environments with implication for wasteform durability. (bvsalud.org)
  • A partial meltdown in 1979 released radioactive materials into the environment. (a-z-animals.com)
  • If there's corrosion in the spent fuel rod casings, there may be some fission products in the water. (wren-clothing.com)
  • If there is a loss of water or a failure of replenishment, the spent fuel will overheat and catch fire, releasing its radiotoxic contents. (apjjf.org)
  • These processes also produce high-level wastes that contain the fission products and other radioisotopes from the spent fuel - as well as other streams of radioactive waste, including plutonium waste from the manufacture of plutonium-containing fuel. (thebulletin.org)
  • A two-page Policy Forum opinion piece titled Nuclear safety regulation in the post-Fukushima era: Flawed analyses underlie lax U.S. regulation of spent fuel by Edwin Lyman, Michael Schoeppner and Frank von Hippel appeared in the May 26, 2017 issue of Science Magazine , an outlet that has a public reputation as a reliable source of technical information. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Their premise is that the public will be better protected if the NRC requires nuclear plant operators to reduce the density of their spent fuel pools and limit the amount of material that could potentially be released. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Significant enhancements to the safety and security of nuclear power plants, including spent fuel pools, were made following the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, and the Fukushima accident in 2011. (atomicinsights.com)
  • The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines this as "Types and amounts of radioactive or hazardous material released to the environment following an accident. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three months after the accident (after fission ceased) I-131 had virtually disappeared as a problem. (world-nuclear.org)
  • Our analysis showed that 75.5% of the 137 Cs detected in these mushrooms originated from the Fukushima accident, and 24.5% was originated before the Fukushima event. (nature.com)
  • Recognizing the importance of risk-especially the risk of very low-probability, high-consequence events such as the Fukushima accident-the Japanese nuclear utilities have expanded their participation in EPRI R&D. (eprijournal.com)
  • The scope of EPRI research related to the Fukushima accident now includes evaluation of root causes, improvements in severe accident management, and risks from seismic events and flooding. (eprijournal.com)
  • where Pa and Ha denote respectively the probability and the hazard associated with A. For example if A denotes a particular Severe Accident, then Ha would be the likely number of cancers from the quantity of fission products released, Pa the probability of A per annum and Ra the expected incidence of radiologically induced cancers per year. (banksolar.ru)
  • A hazard value or function is also attached to each branch, which in the context of a Severe Accident represents the additional mass of radioiodides released by the event. (banksolar.ru)
  • Massive amounts of these beta radionuclides have escaped into the air and Pacific Ocean at Fukushima Japan which is in its fifth year of an ongoing triple meltdown that began March 11, 2011 after an earthquake and tsunami destroyed most of a huge reactor complex there. (enviroreporter.com)
  • Since the tsunami simulation is still essential for evaluating risk, making hazard map and issuing warnings to mitigate damage, the several challenges including real time monitoring system and utilizing a super computer such as K are under enforcement. (compsafe2014.org)
  • Fukushima nuclear disaster aloof of the 2011 T?hoku earthquake and tsunami The four damaged reactor buildings (from left: Units 4, 3, 2, and 1) on 16 March 2011. (sahmy.com)
  • A spilled vial of radioactive material like uranyl nitrate may contaminate the floor and any rags used to wipe up the spill. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note that the longer fuel is irradiated in the reactor core, the more radioactive it becomes due to the build-up of fission by-products which also contaminate the fuel limiting its usable life. (apjjf.org)
  • The filtered water is then stored in huge steel tanks or released into nearby bodies of water. (wren-clothing.com)
  • They do a pretty good job of keeping the water clean, and it wouldn't hurt you to swim in it, but it's radioactive enough that it wouldn't be legal to sell it as bottled water. (wren-clothing.com)
  • These elements form fine suspended particles in the air (aerosols), which due to their weight will gradually end up falling on the ground when released into the air, contaminating all vegetation, clothing and any other surfaces including water sources. (apjjf.org)
  • The Hirakud Dam authorities had allegedly opened nine gates during the non-monsoon season which led to the tragic incident as no caution was sounded before the release of the water. (buildcoza.co.za)
  • [ 1 ] The main challenge was adapting the existing models, whose primary focus was containing a hazardous material release, to one that reflected the chaos of a large-scale disaster involving a large number of affected individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Though the above definition reasonably maintains a constant risk as the hazard increases in severity but its probability correspondingly decreases, unquantifiable human aspects frequently complicate a risk assessment. (banksolar.ru)
  • The joint probability, hazard and risk of any final or intermediate fault condition are then calculated from a tree by visual inspection. (banksolar.ru)
  • This residual heat comes from the fission products, and will be persistent, but diminishes rapidly over time (i.e., most decay heat occurs over minutes and hours, with cold shutdown within a few days). (blogspot.com)
  • A Cold War-era liquid-fueled reactor design could transform thorium - a radioactive waste from mining - into a practically limitless energy source. (businessinsider.com)
  • This is only a hazard for those on the plant site, and the level diminishes with distance from the radioactive source. (world-nuclear.org)
  • The measured levels can be caused by a reduced amount of shielding above the still radioactive used fuel. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Radioactive waste is produced in all phases of the nuclear fuel cycle and from the use of radioactive materials in industrial, medical, defence and research applications. (oecd-nea.org)
  • Under normal conditions, fission products remain inside fuel rods sealed in a gas-tight envelope. (stuk.fi)
  • The claystone-based Tamusu area in the Bayingebi Basin, Inner Mongolia, is preselected as a China's high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) repository site. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cesium takes between 10 days and 100 days for half of it to be excreted from the body so there is significant hazard once it is absorbed. (apjjf.org)
  • Before Fukushima, nuclear represented 30% of the country's power generation and was on course to become 50% by 2030, according to the government's Basic Energy Plan 2010. (eprijournal.com)
  • Nuclear power comes from the energy that is released in the process of nuclear fission. (nrdc.org)
  • The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) organised an international workshop on the implementation of radioactive w. (oecd-nea.org)
  • The energy generated does not release greenhouse gasses, so France, the United States, and other countries consider nuclear power a part of their long-term clean energy strategy. (a-z-animals.com)
  • The substances produced in the nuclear fission (fission products) are radioactive, i.e. they decay into other elements. (stuk.fi)