• As shown in this table, OREIS data for cesium 137 and strontium 90, as well as cobalt 60, yttrium 90, americium 241, and hydrogen 3 were evaluated. (cdc.gov)
  • Plumes of strontium-90 and heavy metals leaked into the groundwater, and trace amounts of tritium have been found in local milk and wine. (uchicago.edu)
  • Soils in the areas affected by radioactive fallout showed significantly increased levels of long-lived radioisotopes such as cesium-137 or strontium-90. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Cesium-137 can cause solid tumors and genetic defects in offspring when inhaled or ingested through food or water, while strontium-90 is a known cause for leukemia. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Like the fuel rods in the reactor core, spent fuel rods must be kept cool or the release of cesium-137 and strontium-90, among other deadly radioisotopes, could result. (scientificamerican.com)
  • In 2004 and 2005, 83,000 liters of radioactive acid leaked into the North Sea, containing carcinogens such as strontium-90 and cesium-137. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)
  • Background radioactivity - radioactive elements in the natural environment including those in the crust of the earth (like radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes) and those produced by cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
  • Beta particle ( ionizing radiation ) - a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain unstable atomic nuclei (radioactive isotopes), having the charge and mass of an electron. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, they are worried about the fact that U.S. spent fuel pools are loaded with a large quantity of fuel assemblies that have been used to generate power and thus contain radioactive isotopes, including cesium-137, a gamma emitting isotope with a 30-year half life. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Radioactive fallout from a nuclear reactor can be considered in two groups: isotopes of the noble gases (xenon, krypton-133) are radioactive elements with a very low chemical reactivity, relatively short half-lives, are not retained by the body and they remain and become dispersed in the air without ground deposition. (apjjf.org)
  • The second and more dangerous radioactive fallout group is represented by mainly the radioactive isotopes of iodine, cesium, and tellurium. (apjjf.org)
  • In addition, neutrons are the very radiation that causes induced radioactivity in the irradiated substances, that is, converts stable isotopes into radioactive ones. (ordonews.com)
  • Even months after the explosion, snow samples continued to show increased levels of radioactive isotopes such as plutonium, uranium, zirconium, ruthenium, cerium, niobium and antimony, continually exposing the population to radioactivity. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • The amount of radioactivity that we are storing in unsafe, vulnerable pools constitutes the largest concentrations of radioactivity on the planet. (greenleft.org.au)
  • Using measurements of trace 134 Cs radioactivity, we investigated the contribution ratio of 137 Cs derived from the Fukushima accident on 2011 and pre-Fukushima. (nature.com)
  • The median detected concentration of radiocesium ( 134 Cs + 137 Cs) in foodstuffs was 0.33 Bq/kg-raw, a much lower radioactivity than the Japanese regulatory limit. (nature.com)
  • However, a few samples had particularly high radioactivity, including some dried mushrooms sold in Iwate Prefecture that had a 137 Cs radioactivity concentration as high as 441 Bq/kg. (nature.com)
  • Following the accident, measurements of food radioactivity levels, especially of 137 Cs, became more readily available because of the Japanese government's rapid establishment of a food monitoring campaign to detect radionuclides. (nature.com)
  • Using the trace radioactivity of short-lived 134 Cs in foodstuffs, we then evaluated the contribution ratio of Fukushima-derived 137 Cs in general foodstuffs in Japan. (nature.com)
  • Radioactivity of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in all 259 foodstuffs were analyzed during 2015-2016 period. (nature.com)
  • Some of the graphs show alarming peaks of high releases of radioactivity over the years. (nuclearsevernside.co.uk)
  • An area of 1,500 m² around the plant was severely contaminated, while the radioactive plume covered a total area of 120 km², where increased levels of radioactivity could be detected. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Concentrated on a compact site of 1.5 square miles is a jumble of buildings, pipes, roads, railways and waterways, randomly assembled over more than half a dozen decades, which together manage around two-thirds by radioactivity of all the radioactive wastes in the UK. (wiseinternational.org)
  • The Sellafield radioactive waste component includes all the high-level wastes (less than 1% by volume, over half the radioactivity) held in liquid form or stored in vitrified blocks, and half the volume of intermediate-level wastes (the other half being held at various sites around the country). (wiseinternational.org)
  • He looked up at the miles of cables and pipes above us, indicating their exposed vulnerability in the event of disruption which could affect the cooling of the liquors below, releasing a massive burst of radioactivity, and commented: 'You could say we are standing on the most dangerous place on earth. (wiseinternational.org)
  • It used HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the amount of natural radioactivity in soil samples from Karamjal and Harbaria sites of the world's largest mangrove forest. (bvsalud.org)
  • These "new" radioactive substances are called nuclides, which are so dangerous that, if inhaled, even just a thousandth of a gram of Plutonium-239 induces massive fibrosis of the lungs and can cause death within days (A pinch of uranium, a touch of technocracy and a lot of luck, by Richard Pollack). (umich.edu)
  • As the local newspaper, the Tri-City Herald, reports, this has happened multiple times in the last five years, such as when a building demolition released plutonium dust that blew for miles, or when plutonium and americium particles contaminated workers' cars, including a rental later returned to the company. (uchicago.edu)
  • It housed several nuclear facilities for large-scale production of plutonium and uranium for nuclear fuel and weapons, including reprocessing of spent fuel. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • The ensuing explosion knocked down walls on two floors of the complex, started a fire and released about 250 m³ of radioactive gas, 8.7 kg of uranium and 500 g of plutonium to the environment. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • This amounted to about 30 Tera-Becquerel (Tera = trillion) of beta- and gamma-emitters and about 6 Giga-Becquerel (Giga = billion) of plutonium-239. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • According to the Bellona Foundation, a Norwegian environmental NGO, about 30 major accidents occurred at the Tomsk-7 nuclear facility, releasing about 10 g of plutonium into the atmosphere each year. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • The NGO also documents large quantities of nuclear waste from 50 years of plutonium production, which have accumulated on the confines of the nuclear facility. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • In 2008, a study found increased levels of plutonium and cesium-137 in soils and water samples, suggesting further leaks. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Despite the findings of increased levels of plutonium, strontium, cesium and other radioactive particles in soil and water, no meaningful medical studies were performed on the local population. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Sellafield also has the world's largest single stockpile of plutonium, amounting to 123 tonnes in 2013 and rising to 140 tonnes by 2020, including around 15 tonnes currently foreign owned and formally due for repatriation in some form. (wiseinternational.org)
  • As a result, nearly 10 tons of radioactive fuel inside the reactor caught fire and burned uncontrollably for two days, polluting the atmosphere with radionuclides such as plutonium, cesium, strontium and iodine. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • DOE's own sampling data, especially from its key fish sampling locations has been carefully archived for decades and these data confirm high levels of Cs-137 and Sr-90 and other radionuclides and fish tissue in many locations downstream of WOC. (cdc.gov)
  • In the PHA, "ATSDR concluded that past, current, and future exposures to radionuclides released from White Oak Creek to the Clinch River/Lower Watts Bar Reservoir are not a public health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • In Chernobyl, the main radionuclides included iodine 131 with a half-life of 8 days and cesium 137 with a half-life of 30 years. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • Long-lived radionuclides (radioactive material) are removed from the atmosphere by precipitation or contact with a surface such as the ocean or land. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • Increased levels of radionuclides, such as cesium-137, cobalt-60 and americium-241 were also found in soil samples around the complex, suggesting radioactive contamination of agricultural products for human consumption. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Air filters are least efficient for particle sizes of about 0.3 microns and collect smaller and larger particles more efficiently. (cdc.gov)
  • COLLEGE PARK, Md.-(Newswise)-What happens to radioactive particles and gases released from Japan's crippled nuclear power plants is even more difficult to predict than the weather, and will depend on several key factors, explain University of Maryland atmospheric scientists. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • The longest lived materials, and thus the most likely to have a large-scale impact, are particles between 0.1 and 1.0 micrometers (10-7 and 10-6 meter) in diameter. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • The reduction of radioactive particles in bone uptake, measured in the femur, reached as high as 80 percent, with little interference with calcium absorption. (radiationdangers.com)
  • At low tide and in drying periods, during warmer weather, radioactive particles invisible to the eye, that cannot be felt, smelt or tasted, will become re-suspended in the air we breathe and therefore are able to easily gain access to inside our bodies. (nuclearsevernside.co.uk)
  • These elements form fine suspended particles in the air (aerosols), which due to their weight will gradually end up falling on the ground when released into the air, contaminating all vegetation, clothing and any other surfaces including water sources. (apjjf.org)
  • Radiation is energy transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves or energetic particles. (medscape.com)
  • Ionizing radiation can also be in the form of particulate radiation, which includes subatomic l charged or neutral particles traveling near the speed of light and therefore with high very high kinetic energy. (medscape.com)
  • Because of their relatively large mass and positive charge, alpha particles are highly effective in transferring energy to tissue but are also easily blocked by a piece of paper or clothing. (medscape.com)
  • If a nuclear catastrophe strikes, the radioactive isotope cesium-137 could pose a huge problem for humankind. (newstarget.com)
  • Carbon is common to all life so this isotope is a major environmental hazard. (nuclearsevernside.co.uk)
  • The reports that I've seen suggest that land contamination, in terms of areas that are technically uninhabitable because of cesium-137 contamination, is roughly 600 square kilometers, or about 17 times the size of Manhattan Island. (greenleft.org.au)
  • And after they find high levels [of radioactive contamination], they demand local authorities and the government look at those contaminated areas. (greenleft.org.au)
  • Our study clarified the 137 Cs contamination in 75 of all 259 food samples before and after the Fukushima nuclear accident, showing that not only mushrooms but also fish had been contaminated before the Fukushima accident. (nature.com)
  • While this campaign produced a large dataset of radiocesium contamination levels in food, no quantitative method existed to distinguish between the detected 137 Cs that originated from the Fukushima accident and the detected 137 Cs that originated from prior deliberate or accidental releases of the radionuclide. (nature.com)
  • How can radioactive contamination of water resources affect life? (microblife.in)
  • There are two sources of radioactive contamination in drinking water. (microblife.in)
  • They assert that the potential radioactive contamination problem associated with the material in the spent fuel pools could be reduced by moving assemblies that have been out of reactors for more than five years into licensed dry storage containers. (atomicinsights.com)
  • The spread of airborne contamination is unlikely to be evenly distributed due to many variables including the prevailing winds, the altitude the contamination reaches before dispersion and the time period of release. (apjjf.org)
  • Contamination is likely to spread throughout the northern hemisphere and indeed trace amounts have already been detected from nearly all monitoring sites in that hemisphere. (apjjf.org)
  • Although there have been catastrophic incidents where gauges have been demolished by tractor-trailers and heavy construction equipment, or melted down in fires, there has never been an instance where the damage has compromised the shielding to the point that contamination was released or caused harm to anyone. (apnga.org)
  • Three months after the earthquake and tsunami that triggered a nuclear disaster in Japan, new radiation "hot spots" may require the evacuation of more areas further from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility. (greenleft.org.au)
  • In early June, a robot sent into the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility detected the highest levels of radiation since the onset of the crisis. (greenleft.org.au)
  • He's the radiological health safety risk management adviser for the prefecture and always says there's absolutely no concern with the levels of radiation in Fukushima. (greenleft.org.au)
  • We performed gamma-ray analysis to determine the amount of radioactive cesium-134 ( 134 Cs) and cesium-137 ( 137 Cs) in 259 foodstuffs five years after the Fukushima nuclear accident of 2011. (nature.com)
  • Our analysis showed that 75.5% of the 137 Cs detected in these mushrooms originated from the Fukushima accident, and 24.5% was originated before the Fukushima event. (nature.com)
  • The looming threat of nuclear war and recent nuclear disasters like the Fukushima triple meltdown have brought concerns about radiation exposure front and center. (newstarget.com)
  • Third, I turn to Sen's impor-tant work on famines in authoritarian regimes to consider, by analogy, exposure to radiation in order to reflect on the ongoing nuclear disaster in Fukushima. (apjjf.org)
  • Following the Fukushima nuclear meltdowns in 2011, the British government decided to at least cease producing MOX at Sellafield, but with no way of disposing of the spent fuel, Sellafield is more and more turning into a radioactive waste dump. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • NOAA has not reviewed the results and these model calculations do not consider the decay of radioactive compounds. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • The half-life with respect to radioactive decay varies broadly as well. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • spores, etc. (vi) Extra terrestrial substances (vii) Volcanic eruption-releasing CO, H2S, SO 2 etc. (viii) Decay products of natural organic or inorganic substances. (cyberpointsolution.com)
  • Radon a radioactive gas created through the decay of radium can also naturally occur in groundwater. (microblife.in)
  • The 228Th:228Ra ratios of foliage and organic soil horizons evolve with time following a predictable radioactive decay law and thus provide a new chronometer for absolute age-dating of plant and soil organic matter. (bvsalud.org)
  • Preferential uptake of 228Th (t0.5 = 1.9 years) and 228Ra (t0.5 = 5.9 years) by canopy tree species, ferns, and mosses, drives disequilibrium in the 232Th-228Ra-228Th radioactive decay series within forest vegetation and organic soils. (bvsalud.org)
  • A portable nuclear gauge uses very small amounts of radioactive material, Cesium 137 and Americium 241, to produce just enough radiation to measure the density of soils and asphalt. (apnga.org)
  • exposing tens of thousands of people to increased levels of radiation and contaminating air, water and soils for many generations to come. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Those that pose the greatest health threat are Cesium-137 (half-life 30 years) and Iodine-131 (half- life 8 days). (apjjf.org)
  • It carries much more energy than gamma or beta radiation, and deposits that energy very quickly while passing through matter. (cdc.gov)
  • Cesium is a gamma and beta emitter. (apjjf.org)
  • The three main types of ionizing radiation are usually denoted by the Greek letters alpha, beta and gamma. (ordonews.com)
  • Alpha radiation is a flux of helium-4 nuclei (almost all helium from balloons was once alpha radiation), beta is a flux of fast electrons (less often positrons), and gamma is a flux of high-energy photons. (ordonews.com)
  • Cinema is the most important of all types of art for us, and gamma radiation is the most important type of radiation. (ordonews.com)
  • We are constantly exposed to gamma radiation, it comes to us through the atmosphere from space , breaks through the soil layer and the walls of houses. (ordonews.com)
  • Soft (low-energy) gamma radiation (and X-rays) mainly interacts with matter, knocking out electrons from it due to the photoelectric effect, hard - scattered by electrons, while the photon is not absorbed and retains a noticeable part of its energy. (ordonews.com)
  • Beta radiation is close to gamma radiation in its effect - it also knocks electrons out of atoms. (ordonews.com)
  • Therefore, the "destruction" caused by it is much greater - it is believed that by transferring 1 J of energy to the body, alpha radiation will cause the same damage as 20 J in the case of gamma or beta radiation. (ordonews.com)
  • This is an extremely unpleasant effect: for example, after being in the focus of a radiation accident, alpha-, beta- and gamma-active dust can be washed off from vehicles, but it is impossible to get rid of neutron activation - the body itself radiates (by the way, this was the basis for the striking effect of a neutron bomb that activated the armor of tanks). (ordonews.com)
  • Together, these three countries produce 4,800 TWh of electric power per year and share the world's largest and most extensive electricity grid. (theoildrum.com)
  • Page 4, Line 4: "ATSDR determined that the levels of radioactive contaminants that entered the Clinch River, and as well as those that reached the downstream Lower Watts Bar Reservoir, are too low to cause observable adverse health effects for most people who used or continue to use the river for food or recreation. (cdc.gov)
  • By the beginning of the 1980s, the name "Windscale" had become tarnished by countless incidents, spills and irresponsible handling of radioactive contaminants. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Transuranic elements are a subset of the actinide elements and include those with atomic numbers larger than uranium. (cdc.gov)
  • For example radioactive radium and uranium are found in small amounts in almost all rock and soil and can dissolve in water. (microblife.in)
  • Gross alpha radiation uranium and radium can get into your drinking water if your well is drilled into or near bedrock containing radioactive elements. (microblife.in)
  • Cesium takes between 10 days and 100 days for half of it to be excreted from the body so there is significant hazard once it is absorbed. (apjjf.org)
  • In rather less hyperbolic language the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) considers HAL 'the most significant hazard on the plant' and its containment a priority. (wiseinternational.org)
  • Worldwide, scientists are using publicly accessible meteorological tools to track how released radiation might be transported through the atmosphere. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • It refers to the release into the atmosphere of materials in concentrations that are harmful to human beings, plants, animals and buildings cr other objects. (cyberpointsolution.com)
  • Nonetheless, the effectiveness of the Japanese decontamination strategy on the dispersion of radioactive contaminant fluxes across mountainous landscapes exposed to typhoons has not been quantified. (bvsalud.org)
  • Until 1971, Hanford's radioactive reactor effluent was discharged straight into the Columbia River, which has long been a vital waterway to the nearby towns of Richland, Pasco, and Kennewick, referred to today as the Tri-Cities. (uchicago.edu)
  • The marine environment of the Irish Sea also suffered from the disaster, as well as from countless other spills, leaks, incidents and the deliberate or accidental discharge of radioactive effluent. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • A nuclear holocaust, also known as a nuclear apocalypse, nuclear Armageddon, or atomic holocaust, is a theoretical scenario where the mass detonation of nuclear weapons causes globally widespread destruction and radioactive fallout. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Besides the immediate destruction of cities by nuclear blasts, the potential aftermath of a nuclear war could involve firestorms, a nuclear winter, widespread radiation sickness from fallout, and/or the temporary (if not permanent) loss of much modern technology due to electromagnetic pulses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term background is also sometimes used in this report to indicate radioactive elements present in the environment that are not a direct result of SRS activities (e.g. atmospheric weapons testing fallout, see definition for fallout ). (cdc.gov)
  • The report states that, if all radiation doses below a half-rad are harmless, then Chernobyl creates "zero risk" for some 500 million people exposed by its fallout. (ratical.org)
  • The Chernobyl fallout on the UK was so severe that it was only in 2012, 26 years later, that lamb bred on the Welsh hills was allowed to be sold - previously it was too radioactive and the lambs were required to be slaughtered. (nuclearsevernside.co.uk)
  • Such a scenario envisages large parts of the Earth becoming uninhabitable due to the effects of nuclear warfare, potentially causing the collapse of civilization and, in the worst case, extinction of humanity and/or termination of all biological life on Earth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency has now admitted for the first time that full nuclear meltdowns occurred at three of the plant's reactors, and more than doubled its estimate for the amount of radiation that leaked from the plant in the first week of the disaster in March. (greenleft.org.au)
  • While it takes longer for the spent fuel rods to become as hazardous as a reactor core meltdown, the ongoing nature of Japan's crisis presents a unique hazard. (scientificamerican.com)
  • You have perhaps noticed that the 4 videos included at the end of UFO's intervention to mitigate the scope of the radiation level from Japan's damaged nuclear plants in my last compilation have allegedly been removed by the user. (earthrainbownetwork.com)
  • Fighting Radiation & Chemical Pollutants with Foods, Herbs, & Vitamins by Steven R. Schechter, ND was required reading when I was studying for my ND. (radiationdangers.com)
  • This act triggered an explosion which destroyed the reactor core and released the reactor fuel. (umich.edu)
  • Note that the longer fuel is irradiated in the reactor core, the more radioactive it becomes due to the build-up of fission by-products which also contaminate the fuel limiting its usable life. (apjjf.org)
  • The U.S. Institute for Resource and Security Studies has called Sellafield "one of the world's most dangerous concentrations of long-lived radioactive materials. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Analytical method - a laboratory test used to detect the amount of a contaminant . (cdc.gov)
  • Actinides - radioactive elements with atomic numbers equal to or greater than that of actinium (i.e., 88). (cdc.gov)
  • The evaluation of biological activity of different marine algae is important because of their practical significance in preventing absorption of radioactive products of atomic fission as well as in their use as possible natural decontaminators. (radiationdangers.com)
  • The Atomic Energy Commission recommends for maximum protection against radioactive poisoning for humans, taking a minimum of 2 to 3 ounces of sea vegetables a week or 10 grams (two tablespoons) a day of sodium alginate supplements. (radiationdangers.com)
  • She hardly needed to mention the World Health Organisation's (WHO) ignominious but still extant 1959 agreement to be restrained by US-sponsored nuclear advocate the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from investigating and reporting the human health risks of nuclear radiation. (drb.ie)
  • Even the pro-nuclear International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has had to admit that Windscale was a major contributor to radioactive pollution of the Atlantic Ocean. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • These foods and food substances will enhance the immune system and protect against the dangerous side effects of radiation. (radiationdangers.com)
  • ATSDR used the OREIS data covering the time period from 1989 to 2003 to evaluate the current and future exposures and doses related to radionuclide releases from White Oak Creek. (cdc.gov)
  • They recognize that their fierce defense is not aided if the public considers radiation to be harmful -- harmful even at low doses. (ratical.org)
  • High radiation doses (greater than 50 000 mrem or 500 mSv) tend to kill cells . (microblife.in)
  • Like nuclear power, which has 'peaceful' and 'wartime' uses, radioisotopes can be deadly when released unexpectedly into the environment in large doses but can also be used for medicinal purposes . (scientificamerican.com)
  • Radon is a dissolved gas that dissolves easily in water and is present in most groundwater in the U.S. When water that contains radon is used in a home most of the radon is released from the water into the air and can be inhaled. (microblife.in)
  • It is these fission by-products that pose the greatest immediate danger if released into the environment. (apjjf.org)
  • Persons hundreds of miles distant could suffer radiation sickness, genetic damage, and increased incidence of many diseases. (umich.edu)
  • Which of the following are common symptoms of radiation sickness? (microblife.in)
  • The initial signs and symptoms of treatable radiation sickness are usually nausea and vomiting . (microblife.in)
  • More rigorous modes of purification are used to rid the water of other wastes including radioactive materials. (microblife.in)
  • In the third of a series of articles on the local and social legacies of nuclear energy, Andrew Blowers looks at the search for a solution for radioactive wastes in the UK. (wiseinternational.org)
  • Leading critic, Dr. Henry W Kendall of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, once said that "the uncontrolled release of even 5 of 10% of the core inventory could bring instantaneous death to persons up to 60-100 miles from a large fission-power reactor. (umich.edu)
  • Although 134 Cs and 137 Cs involve different generation processes in nuclear reactors and the 134 Cs/ 137 Cs activity ratio depends on the extent of fuel burnup in each reactor, their yield will be higher compared to other fission or activation products. (nature.com)
  • Another key difference is that the Chernobyl reactor used carbon to slow down neutrons, a key part of the fission reaction, while Fukushima's reactor cores are cooled by light-water, which greatly reduces the amount of radioactive soot in the wind . (scientificamerican.com)
  • When nuclear disasters occur the nuclear power plants could suffer a meltdown, meaning the melting through of the containment structure and releasing radiation to the ground and air. (umich.edu)
  • [ 1 ] The main challenge was adapting the existing models, whose primary focus was containing a hazardous material release, to one that reflected the chaos of a large-scale disaster involving a large number of affected individuals. (medscape.com)
  • A fire in 1957, as well as numerous accidents and radioactive leaks, have polluted the environment and exposed the population to increased levels of radiation. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • If we'd stopped producing in 1945, we'd have a minuscule amount [of radioactive waste] compared to what's out there in those tanks now," Franklin says. (uchicago.edu)
  • How does radioactive waste affect the ocean? (microblife.in)
  • The treaty also prohibits the dumping of radioactive waste originating from outside the continent within the region. (nti.org)
  • Given that only a limited proportion of the initial population had returned in 2019 (~30%), it raises the question as to whether decontaminating a small percentage of the contaminated area was worth the effort, the price, and the amount of waste generated? (bvsalud.org)
  • While N American coal reserves are large, coal used for producing electricity is the major source of GHG emissions and will need to be dramatically reduced by 85-90% before 2050. (theoildrum.com)
  • The water that was used to extinguish the fire evaporated, adding to the radioactive emissions. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Amount by which EPA regulations proposed in September would limit emissions from new coal-fired power plants, in pounds of CO2 per hour. (blogspot.com)
  • Sea Vegetables - According to a 1964 McGill University study published in the "Canadian Medical Association Journal," sodium alginate from kelp reduced radioactive strontium absorption in the intestines by 50 to 80 percent. (radiationdangers.com)
  • Track Uncertainty: Roughly speaking, the uncertainty of the location of radiation is equal to 20 percent of the distance along the track from the start point. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • Smog results in grey air if solar radiations are less intense and smog formation is incomplete. (cyberpointsolution.com)
  • But in areas with intense solar radiations, photochemical smog results in formation of brown air. (cyberpointsolution.com)
  • N America has substantial oil, natural gas and coal reserves, exceptional potential solar and wind resources, a large hydro electric capacity, and unique natural hydro storage lakes that can be used for short and long term energy storage. (theoildrum.com)
  • But the first place in the hazard rating is undoubtedly occupied by fast neutrons. (ordonews.com)
  • To put that amount in perspective, the average U.S. citizen receives about 360 millirem in natural background radiation during the same timeframe. (apnga.org)
  • Radioactive snowfall in the days after the disaster created hot-spots with radiation levels of up to 30 µGy/h - approximately 100 times normal background radiation. (hibakusha-worldwide.org)
  • Although all water contains some level of radiation the type and amount are dependent on a variety of factors. (microblife.in)
  • There is a proven link between increased numbers of cancers and leukaemias in the local population close to nuclear power stations, attributable to this increased level of radiation. (nuclearsevernside.co.uk)
  • In the north of Ukraine, then a Soviet republic, Chernobyl nuclear power plant was a thriving extensive enterprise served by the purpose-built town of Pripyat when on April 26th, 1986, reactor No 4 exploded, vaporising about five per cent of the core and spewing radioactive flames and gases high into the air. (drb.ie)
  • Zeolites occur naturally but are also produced industrially on a large scale. (knowpia.com)
  • During or after exposure to radiation, the dosage should be increased to two full tablespoons of alginate four times daily to insure that there is a continual supply in the GI or gastrointestinal tract. (radiationdangers.com)
  • But radioactive material getting into the general public does not need autonomy. (uchicago.edu)
  • Without knowing the chemical composition of the material being released, it is difficult to quantitatively estimate the efficiency of radionuclide removal by precipitation. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • Once in seawater radiation can hurt ocean animals in several ways- by killing them outright creating "bizarre mutations" in their offspring or passing radioactive material up the food chain according to Joseph Rachlin director of Lehman College's Laboratory for Marine and Estuarine Research in New York City. (microblife.in)
  • Their premise is that the public will be better protected if the NRC requires nuclear plant operators to reduce the density of their spent fuel pools and limit the amount of material that could potentially be released. (atomicinsights.com)
  • The radioactive source material is bonded into a ceramic pellet that is the size of a small pebble. (apnga.org)
  • Radiation emitted by the radioactive material passes through the soil and is either absorbed/stopped by the soil or makes its way to the detector tubes on the other side of the gauge. (apnga.org)
  • Basically, the principal type of dirty bomb, or Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD), combines a conventional explosive, such as dynamite, with radioactive material. (apnga.org)
  • In most instances, the conventional explosive itself would have more immediate lethality than the radioactive material. (apnga.org)
  • It includes basic radiation reference material, suggestions for designing a preparedness strategy, and practical material that the reader may need in an actual event. (medscape.com)
  • The term zeolite was originally coined in 1756 by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt , who observed that rapidly heating a material, believed to have been stilbite , produced large amounts of steam from water that had been adsorbed by the material. (knowpia.com)
  • The amount of gross alpha radiation in water varies because the Earth's bedrock contains varying amounts of radioactive elements. (microblife.in)
  • In the study of ionizing radiation and its production of cancer, thyroid disease, in-utero injury to mental function, and inheritable genetic diseases, the occasions for obtaining valid epidemiologic data from human exposures are (fortunately) few and far between. (ratical.org)
  • Water subjected to ionizing radiation forms free radicals of hydrogen and hydroxyl which can recombine to form gaseous hydrogen oxygen hydrogen peroxide hydroxyl radicals and peroxide radicals. (microblife.in)
  • This is the name for various types of ionizing radiation, that is, one that is capable of taking electrons from atoms of a substance. (ordonews.com)
  • Ionizing radiation (with the exception of X-rays) is the result of nuclear reactions, so neither mobile phones nor microwaves are sources of it. (ordonews.com)
  • Projected air mass patterns vary dramatically from day to day, and it's these changing conditions that control the dispersal of radiation," says Tim Canty. (sandiegocountynews.com)
  • Each of these can be researched individually on the Internet such as "bee pollen+nuclear radiation protection", etc. in order to find out how it is helpful/useful to the body. (radiationdangers.com)
  • At the levels created by most probable sources, not enough radiation would be present in a dirty bomb to kill people or cause severe illness. (apnga.org)
  • Early Cold War-era studies suggested that billions of humans would survive the immediate effects of nuclear blasts and radiation following a global thermonuclear war. (wikipedia.org)
  • While no radiation is "safe" the amounts of radiation that humans are exposed to every day are low enough that it does not present a hazard to public health. (umich.edu)
  • ATSDR should immediately get access to the OREIS database, confirm these findings, and release this information to the public. (cdc.gov)
  • It is fair to surmise that nuclear promoters have a wish-list for the outcome of radiation research which includes the following "findings. (ratical.org)
  • In case hormesis cannot be sold to the public, the next best outcome would be evidence supporting a threshold-dose of radiation below which no harm at all occurs. (ratical.org)
  • Unlike I-131 therefore which loses most of its potential for harm in a few months, cesium remains hazardous in the environment for several hundred years. (apjjf.org)
  • Canadian researchers reported that sea vegetables contained a polysaccharide substance that selectively bound radioactive strontium and helped eliminate it from the body. (radiationdangers.com)
  • Based on the unique combination of river monitoring and modeling in a catchment representative of the most impacted area in Japan, we demonstrate that decontamination of 16% of the catchment area resulted in a decrease of 17% of sediment-bound radioactive fluxes in rivers. (bvsalud.org)