Release kinetics. Medical search. Frequent questions

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Neuro Kinetics, Inc. will showcase the latest version of its VEST(TM) control and analysis software at the American Academy of Audiology's AudiologyNOW! (inknowvation.com)
The tests will involve measures such as eye tracking, balance, and reaction time, with data collected using technology developed by Neuro Kinetics, Inc, with whom the researchers are collaborating. (cam.ac.uk)
The RESCUE-RACER (Research Evaluating Sports ConcUssion Events - Rapid Assessment of Concussion and Evidence for Return) programme is funded by the FIA Foundation and supported by Neuro Kinetics. (cam.ac.uk)
Adapted from a press release by Neuro Kinetics. (cam.ac.uk)

In vitro dissolution studies were carried out simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for first 2 h and followed by simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) up to 24 h, and obtained dissolution data were fitted to in vitro release kinetic equations in order to know the order of kinetics and mechanism of drug release. (unboundmedicine.com)
Formulation containing HPMC K100 and CMEC achieved the desired drug release profile up to 24 h followed zero order kinetics, release pattern dominated by Korsmeyer - Peppas model and mechanism of drug release by nonfickian diffusion. (unboundmedicine.com)
Studying an enzyme's kinetics in this way can reveal the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, its role in metabolism , how its activity is controlled, and how a drug or a modifier ( inhibitor or activator ) might affect the rate. (wikipedia.org)
This work highlights the effect of drug solubility and polarity and solid layer stacking on the release rate and mechanism of layered double hydroxides-drug (LDH-D) hybrids. (uchile.cl)
In acidic medium, weathering was the main release mechanism. (uchile.cl)
However, additional processes (anion exchange, drug solubilization) were concurrent in the latter media, the overall mechanism and release rate being dependent on the drug solubility. (uchile.cl)
The immediate question then follows - can we effectively control the loading and release of drug molecules by some external mechanism? (imechanica.org)
An Arrhenius relationship of the zero-order release constants was established, indicating that temperature is a valid parameter to accelerate drug release from this dosage form and that the release mechanism is maintained under these accelerated test conditions. (nih.gov)
Instead, an ideal device for on-demand drug release could safely contain a large concentration of a target drug and could be triggered repeatedly through a non-invasive mechanism to release drug as demanded by the patient (i.e. local pain relief) or as prescribed by a doctor (i.e. localized chemotherapy) over several months. (aiche.org)
release mechanism of osmotic drug delivery system. (bvsalud.org)
Used for the mechanism, dynamics and kinetics of exogenous chemical and drug absorption, biotransformation, distribution, release, transport, uptake and elimination as a function of dosage, extent and rate of metabolic processes. (bvsalud.org)

Losartan potassium controlled release matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression technique by the use of different natural, synthetic and semisynthetic polymers such as gum copal, gum acacia, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K100 (HPMC K100), eudragit RL 100 and carboxy methyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC) individually and also in combination. (unboundmedicine.com)
Factorial design based QbD strategy aided in defining the risk assessment of influential variables such as hydrophilic polymers and osmotic coat component on the in-vitro release kinetics of the designed EOP tablets. (bvsalud.org)

abstract = "In Xenopus oocytes injected with total rat pituitary GH3 cell RNA, thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) causes the activation of the inositol lipid transduction pathway and the induction of chloride conductance via calcium‐activated channels (Oron et al. (tau.ac.il)

Since the molecular dimensions of drug molecules are usually of the order of nanometers, micro and macroporous surfaces may not significantly affect the drug release kinetics of such molecules. (ukessays.com)
Experimentally, it is observed that the salt content or pH of solution has some influence on the loading and release of drug molecules. (imechanica.org)
An initial small elevation occurs when troponins are released from the cytosolic pool, when troponin molecules in the cytosol of cardiac muscle diffuse across the sarcolemma into the surrounding lymphatics and blood vessels, becoming detectable in blood. (medscape.com)
Single-cell kinetics of siRNA-mediated knockdown in cells expressing destabilized eGFP unveiled a dose-response relationship with respect to knockdown induction, depth and duration in the range from several hundred to thousands of cytosolic siRNA molecules. (lu.se)

Therefore, when mine-derived ferrihydrite dissolution takes place in acidic media such as gastric fluid or acid mine drainage, it may be accompanied by As release into the associated environment. (confex.com)
This is a major source of human As exposure, and further study into coupled ferrihydrite and As dissolution kinetics may yield information useful for predicting As bioaccessibility. (confex.com)
Previous studies (Stumm & Furrer, 1987) have found that proton-promoted Fe oxyhydroxide dissolution kinetics are typically controlled by the instantaneous reactive surface area of the solid because Fe detachment is the rate-determining step. (confex.com)
Therefore, this experiment quantified the relationship between BET surface area and ferrihydrite dissolution kinetics in the presence of adsorbed or co-precipitated As. (confex.com)
Similarly, because the surface area and volume of a spherical particle are related by the expression, the instantaneous BET surface area was tested for an x 2 power regression line, predicted to control Fe and As release until dissolution was complete. (confex.com)
Dissolution of particles and fibres can follow different reaction kinetics. (cdc.gov)
However, the models may apply only to nanomaterial s where their dissolution follows zero-order kinetics. (cdc.gov)
The dissolution of most nanomaterial s follows first-order kinetics where dependence on their initial concentration of the investigated nanomaterial s is not required and therefore it is possible to estimate their half-times as a measure of their biodurability. (cdc.gov)
In dissolution kinetics for micro-sized and nano-sized particles and fibres, knowledge of dissolution rate constants is necessary to understand biodurability. (cdc.gov)
Pour évaluer leur qualité, tous les produits ont été examinés visuellement pour leurs propriétés organoleptiques, analysés pour l'uniformité en matière de poids, de friabilité, de désintégration et de dissolution. (who.int)
Tous les produits génériques sauf un étaient conformes à l'exigence de dissolution spécificateurs selon laquelle 80 % du comprimé doit être dissous en 30 minutes. (who.int)

Antibody response kinetics in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, by days after illness onset, as determined by using a 50% endpoint plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT 50 ) (A). (cdc.gov)

Nevertheless, once drugs are released from its career, it is then important to capture their diffusion behavior through the body fluid. (imechanica.org)
It was demonstrated that drug release increased with increasing temperature which can be attributed to enhanced drug diffusion. (nih.gov)
However, in this study, our reaction diffusion simulations (RDSs) of Ca 2+ combined with a release calculation using vesicular sensor models indicate that a high concentration of EGTA decreases Ca 2+ and vesicular release in the nanodomain of single channels. (frontiersin.org)
The comparative in vitro diffusion study between the commercial cream and the formulated cream showed a marked reduction in release rate from nanospheres-bound cream. (bvsalud.org)

Flip-flop kinetics, or flip-flop pharmacokinetics, describes an atypical situation in pharmacokinetics where a drug's rate of absorption or the rate at which it enters the bloodstream is slower than its elimination rate. (wikipedia.org)

Depot injections such as depot antipsychotics and long-acting injectable steroid hormone medications like estradiol valerate, testosterone enanthate, and medroxyprogesterone acetate are examples of drugs with flip-flop kinetics. (wikipedia.org)
DES are metal stents coated with a polymer film which is loaded with antiproliferative drugs that are released gradually (usually over a period of 28 days) to prevent inflammation response [ 1 ]. (ukessays.com)
Reservoirs were embedded on to the stent struts which were then loaded with drugs for sustained release over a longer period of time. (ukessays.com)
The burst release of drugs within the first few days by the Yukon stent point to the fact it is not superior to the Taxus stent. (ukessays.com)
In neutral medium, the drugs were exclusively released by anion exchange with HPO42− ions and the release rate was determined by the drug polarity. (uchile.cl)
Moreover, a controlled and constant release of drugs often becomes a major challenge. (imechanica.org)
Introduction to Administration and Kinetics of Drugs See Nanomedicine for an overview of all the ways in which nanotechnology has improved drug delivery. (msdmanuals.com)

The magnitude of inhibition of transmitter release by these chelators can be a readout of the coupling distance. (frontiersin.org)

We investigated the kinetics of serologic responses to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection by using virus neutralization and MERS-CoV S1 IgG ELISA tests. (cdc.gov)
Knowledge of the kinetics and clinical correlates of serologic responses to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is essential for diagnosing the disease, interpreting seroepidemiologic data to define prevalence and risk factors for infection, understanding pathogenesis, and assessing a potential role for passive immunotherapy. (cdc.gov)
To assist in understanding some of the concepts discussed in this article, a basic knowledge of human strength curves, kinematics, and kinetics and their importance in explaining the adaptive potential of an exercise, loading scheme, and resistance type are required because it is the mechanical stimuli that dictate the hormonal and metabolic responses. (lww.com)

The objective of the present work was to formulate and to characterize controlled release matrix tablets of losartan potassium in order to improve bioavailability and to minimize the frequency of administration and increase the patient compliance. (unboundmedicine.com)
Based on the results, losartan potassium controlled release matrix tablets prepared by employing HPMC K100 and CMEC can attain the desired drug release up to 24 h, which results in maintaining steady state concentration and improving bioavailability. (unboundmedicine.com)
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use lansoprazole delayed-release orally disintegrating tablets safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
See full prescribing information for lansoprazole delayed-release orally disintegrating tablets. (nih.gov)
Contraindicated in patients with known severe hypersensitivity to any component of the lansoprazole delayed-release orally disintegrating tablets formulation. (nih.gov)
Divalproex sodium delayed release tablets should be swallowed whole and should not be crushed or chewed ( 2.1 , 2.2 ). (nih.gov)
These requirements are served by elementary osmotic pump tablets (EOP) based controlled- release (CR) systems. (bvsalud.org)

In enzyme kinetics, the reaction rate is measured and the effects of varying the conditions of the reaction are investigated. (wikipedia.org)
This rate-determining step may be a chemical reaction or a conformational change of the enzyme or substrates, such as those involved in the release of product(s) from the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Ribozymes also perform a more limited set of reactions, although their reaction mechanisms and kinetics can be analysed and classified by the same methods. (wikipedia.org)
An abnormal ryanodine receptor that controls calcium release causes a buildup of calcium in skeletal muscle, resulting in a massive metabolic reaction. (medscape.com)
For example, the majority of micro-sized particles and fibres follow zero-order reaction kinetics. (cdc.gov)

Results from this study indicate that changes in the polymeric structure can lead to a different temperature dependence of the release rate, and as a consequence, the accelerated method can become less sensitive to detect changes in the release properties. (nih.gov)

During cardiac injury, depending on the severity, troponins are released from both pools. (medscape.com)

Following its initial release to solution by sulfide oxidation, As is typically a pentavalent oxyanion associated with amorphous iron oxyhydroxides, especially ferrihydrite. (confex.com)
Although these mechanisms are often a complex series of steps, there is typically one rate-determining step that determines the overall kinetics. (wikipedia.org)
Accelerated release tests are particularly useful for routine quality control to assist during batch release of extended release formulations that typically release the active over several weeks, months or even years, since they can increase the product shelf life. (nih.gov)

Kinetics describes the forces and their effects on the motion or kinematics of an object ( 51 ). (lww.com)

optimization of both is of great importance to obtain the Elementary osmotic pump (EOP) is the simplest desired in-vitro release profile (zero order drug release type of ODDS, where a core containing drug and over 24h). (bvsalud.org)
In vitro release studies of drug-loaded nanospheres were carried out by the centrifugal ultrafiltration method. (bvsalud.org)
The in vitro release of drug-loaded nanospheres was found to be first order. (bvsalud.org)

particles and fibres that release ions at a higher rate when suspended in vitro in a specific simulated biological fluid will be expected to do so when they exist in a similar biological environment in vivo. (cdc.gov)

Studies were carried out to study the influence of type of polymer on drug release rate. (unboundmedicine.com)
In the present study, different kinds of surfactants were investigated to understand their influence on meloxicam release from suppositories formulated with a lipophilic base. (ijpsonline.com)
Enzyme kinetics is the study of the rates of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions . (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among release factors (speed, height, and angle) and distance thrown in Paralympic seated shot put. (humankinetics.com)
A speciation and release kinetics study of the gaseous fission products freed from nuclear fuels in conditions of severe accident (temperature range 1300°C - 2500°C) as a function of the applied thermodynamic conditions is carried out using the experimental feedback collected at CEA within the VERCORS and VERDON programs. (hal.science)
Another fresh batch of surface-treated stents was coated with Biolimus to study the effect of roughness on drug release kinetics. (ukessays.com)
The objective of the present study was to investigate if temperature can be utilized to accelerate drug release from Nuvaring®, a reservoir type intravaginal ring based on polyethylene vinyl acetate copolymer that releases a constant dose of contraceptive steroids over a duration of 3 weeks. (nih.gov)

ATAC- and ChIP-seq data processing was performed as implemented in ngs_toolkit ( https://ngs-toolkit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ and https://github.com/afrendeiro/toolkit ). (github.com)

This method enables detection and quantification of sub-nanomolar cytosolic siRNA release amounts from individual release events with measures of quantitation confidence for each event. (lu.se)

Addition of surfactants to the suppository base significantly influenced both the amount and rate of meloxicam released into the phosphate buffer. (ijpsonline.com)
Cs_2Mo_2O_7$ (g) and $BaMoO_4 (g)$, clearly predominates in oxidising conditions, which contributes to increase significantly the released fraction of molybdenum as compared to reducing conditions. (hal.science)

The highest release rate of meloxicam was observed with the formulation prepared on a Witepsol H15 base with Tween 80. (ijpsonline.com)
better source needed] In the resulting slope of log plasma concentration (log Cp) versus time, the apparent ke is determined by the ka, and the apparent ke is smaller than when the drug is administered intravenously or by immediate-release formulation. (wikipedia.org)
Reports indicated that the immediate release release independent of factors like gastric pH, food, (IR) formulation caused adverse gastrointestinal (GI) hydrodynamic conditions (c) possible delayed or pulsed reactions associated with abrupt fluctuations in the plasma delivery, (d) higher release rates, (e) highly predictable level time profile. (bvsalud.org)

By contrast, when the sensor is in a linear range, even a small reduction in Ca 2+ by EGTA can decrease vesicular release. (frontiersin.org)
Inactivity slows VO(2) kinetics in association with a reduction of muscle oxidative capacity and repeated high-intensity running performance. (researchgate.net)

These formulated EOP systems followed zero-order kinetics, a characteristic feature of EOPs. (bvsalud.org)
a) zero-order kinetics, (b) drug candidate. (bvsalud.org)

Finally, the release mechanisms in neutral and acidic media were studied with compressed LDH-D hybrids. (uchile.cl)

These circumstances can occur with sustained-release formulations, depot injections, and some subcutaneous or intradermal injections. (wikipedia.org)
The accelerated method should therefore be able to discriminate between formulations with different release characteristics that can result from normal manufacturing variance. (nih.gov)

The hybrids compression leaded to highly stacked platelets that caused a slower and steadier drug release rate than particulate LDH-D hybrids in all cases. (uchile.cl)

An analytical model accounting for thermo-chemistry in the release rate of chemically reactive elements is applied to estimate the release of Cs, I, Mo and Ba in severe accident conditions. (hal.science)

Soft Tissue and Trigger Point Release, Second Edition, is part of the Hands-On Guides for Therapists series, developed to provide the best clinical and educational resources available for those in bodywork professions. (humankinetics.com)
Freeze drying enables this delivery system to be stored as a ready-to-use product for better ease of clinical translation without compromising the thermoresponsive or sustained release characteristics that would enable local delivery of therapeutics to the sinonasal mucosa. (springer.com)

In most cases, a burst release of drug occurs within a short time after the device is uploaded in the body followed by a slow and ineffective amount of release. (imechanica.org)
however, in most cases, this heating results in only a single burst release event and cannot be applied to achieve reliable, repeatable drug release. (aiche.org)
ER) dosage forms are associated with the problem of burst correlation (IVIVC), and (g) less inter-patient variability release and thereby dose dumping (Huang, Brazel, 2001). (bvsalud.org)

The good correlation obtained from Hixson-Crowell model indicates that changes in surface area of the tablet also influences the drug release. (unboundmedicine.com)
Divalproex sodium delayed release tablet is administered orally in divided doses. (nih.gov)
If a tablet releases the drug too quickly, the blood level of the drug may become too high, causing an excessive response. (msdmanuals.com)
If the tablet does not release the drug quickly enough, much of the drug may be eliminated in the feces without being absorbed, and blood levels may be too low. (msdmanuals.com)
Drug manufacturers formulate the tablet to release the drug at the desired speed. (msdmanuals.com)

The release of neurotransmitter is triggered by an increase in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in the presynaptic nerve terminal ( Katz, 1969 ). (frontiersin.org)
As expected the highest plasma concentration of AVP was measured 10 min after the injection of AVP and well comparable to those in other studies where AVP was observed to release ACTH. (lu.se)
Release of 3H preceded the appearance of Factor IXa activity, and the percentage of 3H released remained constant when the mole fraction of 3H-labeled and unlabeled Factor IX was varied and the total Factor IX concentration remained constant. (jci.org)
A linear correlation (r greater than 0.98, P less than 0.001) was observed between initial rates of 3H-release and the concentration of Factor XIa, measured by chromogenic assay and by radioimmunoassay and added at a Factor IX:Factor XIa molar ratio of 70-5,600. (jci.org)

When enzymes bind multiple substrates, such as dihydrofolate reductase (shown right), enzyme kinetics can also show the sequence in which these substrates bind and the sequence in which products are released. (wikipedia.org)
An example of enzymes that bind a single substrate and release multiple products are proteases , which cleave one protein substrate into two polypeptide products. (wikipedia.org)
The study's purpose was to examine the effects of a short-term period with intensified training or training cessation of trained soccer players on VO(2) kinetics at 75% maximal aerobic speed, oxidative enzymes, and performance in repeated high-intensity exercise. (researchgate.net)

This edition incorporates new content on how soft tissue release may be used to deactivate trigger points, aiding in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. (humankinetics.com)

DIC can occur as a consequence of the release of tissue thromboplastin. (medscape.com)
Neutrophil activation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery may occur because of the release of complement chemotactic products or the local release of interleukin (IL)-8. (medscape.com)

Specifically, the smooth, spherical morphology of the MSs and initial release kinetics were maintained following 6 weeks of storage under ambient conditions. (springer.com)
Initial rates of trichloroacetic acid-soluble 3H-release were linear over 10-30 min of incubation of Factor IX (88 nM) with CaCl2 (5 mM) and with pure (greater than 98%) Factor XIa (0.06-1.3 nM), which was prepared by incubating human Factor XI with bovine Factor XIIa. (jci.org)

This capability for effective "on-demand" drug delivery would be extremely beneficial for treating conditions requiring intermittent drug release (i.e. diabetes or chronic pain) or for treatments benefitting from highly flexible potential drug dosing regimens depending on the patient's response to a particular treatment. (aiche.org)
Troponins are released in response to myocardial injury regardless of cause. (medscape.com)

To understand the intrinsic capsid disassembly pathway and how it can be modulated, we have developed a single-particle fluorescence microscopy method to follow the real-time uncoating kinetics of authentic HIV capsids in vitro immediately after permeabilizing the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)
The reciprocating holder apparatus (USP 7) was utilized to determine real-time and accelerated etonogestrel release from ring segments. (nih.gov)
When the accelerated method is utilized during batch release, it is therefore important to take this possible restriction into account and to evaluate the accelerated method with samples from non-conforming batches that are explicitly "out of specification" under real-time test conditions. (nih.gov)
However, while many drug delivery technologies have been developed in order to achieve sustained drug release over an extended period of time, relatively few technologies currently exist for facilitating user-controlled or pulsatile release kinetics. (aiche.org)

Manjusha Joshi, Chinmay Gokhale, Prathmesh Kenjale, Varsha Pokharkar in spite of the first pass metabolism, the amount of drug the core, as well as those in the SPM, affect drug release, in the systemic circulation will be maintained constant. (bvsalud.org)

It has also been shown at Natick that packaged foods can be readily heated using a flameless chemical heater Kinetics and calorimetric studies have been carried out to determine which physical and chemical factors are most responsible for the energy released when water reacts with a magnesium-iron mixture in the presence of electrolyte in the heater. (dtic.mil)

Flip-flop kinetics can create difficulties in the determination and interpretation of pharmacokinetic parameters if not recognized. (wikipedia.org)

Also, these dosage forms exhibit a first-order drug release profile. (bvsalud.org)

The kinetics of activation of human Factor IX by human Factor XIa was studied by measuring the release of a trichloroacetic acid-soluble tritium-labeled activation peptide from Factor IX by a modification of a method described for bovine Factor IX activation by Zur and Nemerson (Zur, M., and Y. Nemerson, 1980, J. Biol. (jci.org)

We found that a key determinant of the effect of EGTA on neurotransmitter release is the saturation of the vesicular sensor. (frontiersin.org)

As we evolve based on the needs of our clients and the environment, RCM Thermal Kinetics remains committed to providing high-value, sustainable and renewable solutions. (ethanolrfa.org)

In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)

A drug delivery system for the paranasal sinuses consisting of a freeze-dried thermoresponsive hydrogel with degradable microspheres, called FD-TEMPS (Freeze Dried-Thermogel, Extended-release Microsphere-based delivery to the Paranasal Sinuses), was developed. (springer.com)

The exogenous Ca 2+ chelator EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid) has been widely used to probe the coupling distance between Ca 2+ channels and vesicular Ca 2+ sensors for neurotransmitter release. (frontiersin.org)
The widely used chelators EGTA and BAPTA [1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid] have similar binding affinities, but the forward binding kinetics of BAPTA is ∼40 times faster than that of EGTA ( Naraghi and Neher, 1997 ). (frontiersin.org)
HFABP, heart muscle fatty acid binding binding and release is well understood. (lu.se)

Uncoating of the metastable HIV-1 capsid is a tightly regulated disassembly process required for release of the viral cDNA prior to nuclear import. (elifesciences.org)

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