Relativistic electrons. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is demonstrated that accounting for specific geometry of the qmBC and its orientation with respect to a collimated electron beam, its size and emittance is essential for an accurate quantitative description of experimental results on the beam deflection by such crystals. (arxiv.org)
Algorithms and program of relativistic electron beam (REB) synthesis in the electrostatic compressor based on using of geometrized tubular relativistic beam equations are submitted. (rudn.ru)
AbstractA relativistic traveling wave tube with thermal plasma-filled corrugated waveguide is driven by a finite solid electron beam with the entire system immersed in a strong longitudinal magnetic field that magnetized plasma and electron beam. (oiccpress.com)
The numerical results show that the growth rate decreases by increasing plasma temperature, waveguide radius, plasma density and electron beam energy. (oiccpress.com)
As show in this paper the effect of electron beam density and corrugation period is to increase growth rate. (oiccpress.com)
Here we couple a free-electron beam to a travelling-wave resonant cavity mode. (nature.com)
SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Application in the Middle East) is Mid-dle East's first major international research centre, it is third generation light source located in Allan-Jordan using 2.5GeV, 400mA electron beam. (lu.se)
To reduce electron losses and decrease radiation levels around the syn-chrotron, optimizations of the electron beam during injection into the storage ring, ramping and standard operation were carried out. (lu.se)
Interaction of a high-intensity optical laser beam with a solid target can generate `hot' electrons, which generate radiation hazards (mainly bremsstrahlung photons and neutrons) from interaction of hot electrons with target and the surrounding materials. (lu.se)
The most sensitive way to search for this production is to use an electron beam to produce DM in 﫿xed-target collisions. (lu.se)
dark photon) by a beam of electrons that interacts with the electromagnetic field around a nucleus in the target, as shown in Figure 1c. (lu.se)

HERT's main objective is to provide high- energy-resolution measurements of outer belt electrons in an energy range of ∼1 - 7 MeV to help differentiate various mechanisms that accelerate electrons to relativistic and ultrarelativis- tic energies. (auburn.edu)
These so-called runaway electrons (RE) typically have energies ranging from 1 to 100 MeV, which make them highly relativistic. (aalto.fi)
We use plasma wave and electron data from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) to investigate the viability of a local stochastic electron acceleration mechanism to relativistic energies driven by gyroresonant interactions with whistler mode chorus. (copernicus.org)
These results provide strong circumstantial evidence for a local stochastic acceleration mechanism, involving the energisation of a seed population of electrons with energies of the order of a few hundred keV to relativistic energies, driven by wave-particle interactions involving whistler mode chorus. (copernicus.org)
The idea behind Project 8 is to measure the energies of the electrons emitted in beta decay and compare them to the total energy of the decay. (aps.org)
But scientists haven't been able to measure the energies of those electrons, limiting their use. (phys.org)
In solar panels , energies from hot electrons could be more efficiently converted to electrical energy compared to conventional approaches. (phys.org)
Together, they spent more than 18 months developing the experimental setup and another 12 months measuring the hot electron energies. (phys.org)
The researchers measured the energies of the electrons by drawing them through carefully engineered molecules into a gold electrode at the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. (phys.org)
Electrons are accelerated to relativistic energies using the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) mechanism. (mdpi.com)

Relativistic electron beams are streams of electrons moving at relativistic speeds. (wikipedia.org)
It has been suggested that relativistic electron beams could be used to heat and accelerate the reaction mass in electrical rocket engines that Dr. Robert W. Bussard called quiet electric-discharge engines (QEDs). (wikipedia.org)
This paper provides an explanation of the key effects behind the deflection of ultra-relativistic electron beams by means of oriented quasi-mosaic Bent Crystals (qmBC). (arxiv.org)

We report on new charge calibrations and linearity tests with high-dynamic range for eight different scintillating screens typically used for the detection of relativistic electrons from laser-plasma based acceleration schemes. (strath.ac.uk)
Demonstration of electron acceleration in a laser-driven dielectric microstructure. (nature.com)
Breuer, J. & Hommelhoff, P. Laser-based acceleration of nonrelativistic electrons at a dielectric structure. (nature.com)
Gas nozzle used in the electron acceleration experiments. (lu.se)

They are the lasing medium in free electron lasers to be used in atmospheric research conducted at entities such as the Pan-oceanic Environmental and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) at the University of Hawaii and NASA. (wikipedia.org)

The availability of intense, ultrashort coherent radiation sources in the infrared region of the spectrum is enabling the generation of attosecond X-ray pulses via high-harmonic generation, pump-probe experiments in the 'molecular fingerprint' region and opening up the area of relativistic infrared nonlinear optics of plasmas. (nature.com)
Optical attosecond pulses and tracking the nonlinear response of bound electrons. (nature.com)
By mapping the near-field interaction with ultrashort electron pulses in space and time, we trace the lifetime of the the microresonator following a femtosecond excitation and observe the spectral response of the cavity. (nature.com)
There he broadened his repertoire with application of attosecond pulses to small molecules and started up an experimental free electron laser (FEL) program at FLASH, aiming at studying molecular dynamics through pump-probe experiments, using the Velocity Map Imaging technique. (lu.se)

Thus, by considering the weakly relativistic effect where the ion velocity is about 1/10 of the velocity of light, we can describe the relativistic motion of such ions in the study of nonlinear interaction of the waves and the plasmas [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Tokamak plasma equilibrium with relativistic runaway electrons. (mpg.de)

ITS also calculates the photons and electrons that are injected into the courtyard, these quantities are then used by EMPIRE to calculated the photon and electron transport in the courtyard. (sandia.gov)
The enhanced interaction with the optical whispering-gallery modes of dielectric microresonators induces a strong phase modulation on co-propagating electrons, which leads to a spectral broadening of 700 electronvolts, corresponding to the absorption and emission of hundreds of photons. (nature.com)
Kfir, O. Entanglements of electrons and cavity photons in the strong-coupling regime. (nature.com)

The broadband SEDs of blazars exhibit two broad spectral components, which in leptonic emission models are attributed to synchrotron radiation and SSC radiation of relativistic electrons. (aanda.org)
Earth's outer radiation belt is filled with relativistic and ultrarelativistic electrons in the MeV energy range and above. (auburn.edu)
With a compact configuration and higher energy resolution in comparison to previous instruments, HERT will significantly contribute to the quantitative understanding of the radiation belt electron dynamics. (auburn.edu)
However, ASCOT lacked a suitable collision operator for relativistic particles as well as the radiation reaction force, both of which are essential for proper modeling. (aalto.fi)
BARREL is the acronym for Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses a multiple-balloon research program designed to study electron losses from Earth's Radiation Belts. (stratocat.com.ar)
scientists from six institutions in the U.S. and Germany and it detects the frequency of radiation emitted by an individual, orbiting electron [1] . (aps.org)
Radiation emitted by these sources comes from the motion of many electrons, but Project 8 is the first experiment to detect cyclotron radiation from a single electron. (aps.org)
The bright, upward-angled streaks of radiation indicate the radiation emitted by a single electron. (aps.org)
It is well known theoretically that a circling electron continuously emits radiation. (aps.org)
The detected radiation streaks have the same predicted linear dependence, which is what allowed the researchers to associate them with a single electron. (aps.org)
Compact Radiation Belt Explorer (CeREs) will help detect how electrons are energized and lost. (nasa.gov)

Schaap, BH 2023, ' Laser-induced generation of coherent soft X-rays by relativistic electron bunches ', Doctor of Philosophy, Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven. (tue.nl)
She obtained her Ingeneer degree (physics) and her PhD degree (design of a new energy filter for transmission electron microscopy, under the direction of Prof. B. Jouffrey) at the Ecole Centrale in Paris. (epfl.ch)
Jensen and M. Reiher, Density Matrix Renormalization Group with E cient Dynamical Electron Correlation through Range Separation, Journal of Chemical Physics, 142, (2015), 224108. (lu.se)

Professor Nigel Browning is currently the Chair of Electron Microscopy in the School of Engineering and Director of the Albert Crewe Centre for Electron Microscopy at the University of Liverpool (since 2017). (ukcatalysishub.co.uk)
The natural matching of free electrons to these quintessential optical modes could enable the application of integrated photonics technology in electron microscopy, with broad implications for attosecond structuring, probing quantum emitters and possible electron-light entanglement. (nature.com)
Carbone, F., Kwon, O.-H. & Zewail, A. H. Dynamics of chemical bonding mapped by energy-resolved 4D electron microscopy. (nature.com)
Leading the Center for Electron Microscopy, I see my task as beeing threefold: -- guarantee a high level Electron Microscopy at EPFL by providing research in new techniques of Electron Microscopy. (epfl.ch)
The fields currently covered are: - Computational Electron Microscopy with the JEMS programm (P. Stadelmann) - Angular resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry (C. Hébert) - Three dimensional imaging and Chemical Analysis in a FIB. (epfl.ch)

A high intensity laser can accelerate electrons in a helium gas jet to hundreds of MeV in less than a mm. (lu.se)

Physicist Paul Sorensen describes discoveries made at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), a particle accelerator at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory. (bnl.gov)
A breakthrough particle accelerator based on RHIC infrastructure will collide electrons with heavy ions or protons at nearly the speed of light to create rapid-fire, high-resolution "snapshots" of the force binding all visible matter. (bnl.gov)
An additional significant result of this paper is that we demonstrate that the lower energy part of the storm-time electron distribution is in steady-state balance, in accordance with the Kennel and Petschek (1966) theory of limited stably-trapped particle fluxes. (copernicus.org)
2. In detail explain the energy structure and the properties of atomic one-electron systems and other two-particle systems bound by Coulomb forces. (lu.se)

We mainly discuss perturbation theory, coupled electron many electron theory and a few versions of coupled electron pair approximations with comparison configuration interaction and some coupled cluster methods in which coupled cluster method is crucially important for the crystalline solids, the electron gas and the heat of the reaction. (degruyter.com)
Fig. 3: Spectral and temporal properties of the interaction between free electrons and WGMs. (nature.com)
If there is an interaction between light DM and ordinary matter (Figure 1a), as there has to be in the case of a thermal origin, then there necessarily is a production mechanism in accelerator-based experiments (Figure 1b), if the interaction is not electron-phobic. (lu.se)

Single electron detection and spectroscopy via relativistic cy. (kit.edu)
The microwaves emitted by electrons in cyclotron orbit are channeled up a waveguide to the detection system. (aps.org)

The absolute charge calibration was done with picosecond electron bunches at the ELBE linear accelerator in Dresden. (strath.ac.uk)

The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation for small- but finite-amplitude electrostatic ion-acoustic waves in weakly relativistic plasma consisting of warm ions and isothermal electrons. (hindawi.com)
When we assume that the ion energy depends only on the kinetic energy, such plasma ions have to attain very high velocity of relativistic order. (hindawi.com)
Recently, the ion-acoustic solitary wave in collisionless unmagnetized plasma consisting of warm ions fluid and isothermal electrons is studied using the time-fractional KdV equation by El-Wakil et al. (hindawi.com)
Highly transverse velocity distribution of convoy electrons emitted by highly charged ions. (atomki.hu)
Relativistic quantum chemistry and its influence on biologically relevant metal ions. (lu.se)
A general ab-initio and fully relativistic method on QED level, applicable to in principle any atomic system, ranging from negative to highly positively charged ions. (lu.se)

There has been substantial progress in the development of electron correlation methods with some benefits and drawbacks. (degruyter.com)
In this paper, we give a review of electron correlation effects on many body particles system. (degruyter.com)
The exchange-correlation energy and potential are calculated using the electron density based on the picture-change corrected density operator transformed by the IODKH method. (elsevierpure.com)

This boundary condition prescribes the flux of electrons as a function of the normal component of the electric field on the boundary. (sandia.gov)

There have been many theoretical models of hot electrons but no direct experiments or measurements of what they look like," said Vladimir "Vlad" Shalaev (shal-AYV), Purdue University's Bob and Anne Burnett Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, who led the Purdue team in this collaborative work. (phys.org)
Since such light DM cannot be probed so easily via nuclear or even electron recoils, accelerator experiments, which aim to produce relativistic DM, are ideal for this mass range. (lu.se)
This precedent from history is important to remember: Much of the parameter space for MeV to GeV mass DM is, at present, only detectable with accelerator-based experiments because scattering and annihilation signals are strongly velocity-suppressed for the non-relativistic DM halo. (lu.se)

This electric field interacts with the electron charge and turns the electron movement direction. (go.jp)
The The relativistic electrical field interacts with the electron charge (not spin) forcing the electron to move in its direction. (go.jp)

The main goal of RELEC mission is studying of magnetosphere relativistic electron precipitation and its influence on the upper athmosphere as well as transient luminous events (TLE) observation in wide range of electromagnetic spectrum. (msu.ru)

Here, we present an analytical solution to the kinetic equation of relativistic electrons subject to the combined synchrotron and nonlinear synchrotron self-Compton cooling for monoenergetic injection. (aanda.org)
Relativistic Wave Equation for Electron. (rutgers.edu)

The weakly relativistic effect is found to significantly change the basic properties (namely, the amplitude and the width) of the ion-acoustic waves. (hindawi.com)
It appears that the weakly relativistic and ion temperature effects play an important role in energetic ion-acoustic waves propagating in interplanetary space [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

The electron impact energy and angle is then handed off to ITS which calculates the dose on the faceplate and locations in the courtyard and they are compared to experimental measurements. (sandia.gov)

The number of REs is quickly multiplied when existing REs collide with thermal electrons. (aalto.fi)

Hot electrons are typically generated through shining a certain frequency of light on a carefully engineered nanostructure made of metals such as gold or silver, exciting so-called " surface plasmons . (phys.org)

The RELEC set of instruments includes two identical X- and gamma-ray detectors of high temporal resolution and sensitivity (DRGE-1 & DRGE-2) detectors of energetic electrons and protons DRGE-3, UV TLE imager MTEL, UV detector DUV, Low frequency analyzer LFA, radio frequency analyzer RFA, controlling module for issuing commands and data collection BE. (msu.ru)

Grasp2k [1] is a general system for the calculation of relativistic atomic structure and properties, based upon Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartee-Fock (MCDHF) theory as outlined by for example I.P. Grant [2]. (lu.se)

A large electrostatic restorative force pulls the electrons back after the light pulse has passed. (lu.se)

The dispersion relation for the relativistic traveling wave tube is obtained by linear fluid theory. (oiccpress.com)
This study was supported in part by the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Program, "Theoretical Design of Materials with Innovative Functions Based on Relativistic Electronic Theory" of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the program "Elements Strategy Initiative to Form Core Research Center" of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). (elsevierpure.com)
Each of these CSF's are constructed as a coupled antisymmetric sum of products of one-electron Dirac-orbitals, 1 ( r , , , )= ( r ) ( , , ) m r ( PE ) iQE ( r ) - m ( , , ) according to angular momentum coupling theory. (lu.se)

In the case where the velocity of particles is much smaller than that of light, ion-acoustic waves present the nonrelativistic behaviors, but in the case where the velocity of particles approaches that of light, the relativistic effect becomes dominant [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nevertheless, relativistic ion-acoustic waves have not been well investigated. (hindawi.com)
The major topic of this work is to study the ion-acoustic solitary and other type waves in relativistic warm plasma. (hindawi.com)
In particular, we examine the temporal evolution of the spectral response of the electrons and the waves during the 9 October 1990 geomagnetic storm. (copernicus.org)
The observed hardening of the electron energy spectra over about 3 days in the recovery phase is coincident with prolonged substorm activity, as monitored by the AE index and enhanced levels of whistler mode chorus waves. (copernicus.org)

This Letter proposes a density functional treatment based on the two-component relativistic scheme at the infinite-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (IODKH) level. (elsevierpure.com)

Multiple ultrabright electron sources will be developed/evaluated in concert to achieve ~femtosecond time resolution out to long time scales to fully capture all the atomic details related to form and function from surface chemistry, structure-function relationships in biology, to exotic forms of matter. (ukcatalysishub.co.uk)
4. Explain at a general level the structure of atomic systems with more than two electrons. (lu.se)

During high state phases, the high-frequency SSC component often dominates the low-frequency synchrotron component, implying that the inverse Compton SSC losses of electrons are at least equal to or greater than the synchrotron losses of electrons. (aanda.org)
We calculate the time-dependent fluxes and time-integrated fluences resulting from monoenergetic electrons cooling via synchrotron and SSC, and suggest this as a model for the broadband SED of Compton-dominated blazars. (aanda.org)
The blue light is predominantly emitted by very high-energy ("relativistic") electrons that spiral in a large-scale magnetic field (so-called synchrotron emission). (lu.se)

Excited-state evolution probed by convoy-electron emission in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. (atomki.hu)

The radiated power from a single electron orbiting in a magnetic field, plotted as a function of time and the frequency of the electron's orbit. (aps.org)
The Ordinary Hall effect occurs when a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the direction of an electron current. (go.jp)
Moving electrons in an magnetic field experience an effective electrical field perpendicularly to their movement, which turns them from a straight path. (go.jp)
The electron, which moves in a magnetic field H, experience an electrical field perpendicularly to its movement (relativistic effect). (go.jp)
The movement of the conduction electrons (green balls) turns from a straight path due the Lorentz force induced by the magnetic field H. As a result, the electrons are accumulated at the side of the wire. (go.jp)
An electron experience an relativistic electrical field due to electron movement perpendicularly to the magnetic field. (go.jp)
As a research assistant at the Vienna University of Technology, she was one of the main participant to the CHIRALTEM project dealing with the measurement of magnetic circular dichroism in the electron microscope. (epfl.ch)
Relativistic Electron Response to the January 1997 Magnetic Cloud: Coordinated Observations from 12 Satellites by G. Reeves, et al. (nasa.gov)

Imaging ultrafast molecular dynamics with laser-induced electron diffraction. (nature.com)
To generate the required level of understanding and control, the UK is currently investing in the design of a new national facility centered on the unique measurement capabilities offered by relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction and imaging (RUEDI). (ukcatalysishub.co.uk)

These plasmons are believed to eventually lose some of their energy to electrons, making them hot. (phys.org)
Shining a laser light onto a gold film with tiny ridges excites plasmons in the system, generating hot electrons. (phys.org)

An approach to numerically modeling relativistic magnetrons, in which the electrons are represented with a relativistic fluid, is described. (sandia.gov)
We have developed an approximate SCL emission boundary condition for the fluid electron model. (sandia.gov)

Fig. 2: Electron spectral broadening induced by WGMs. (nature.com)

Galaxy clusters enveloped by vast volumes of relativistic electrons by Sérgio Sacani, created Dec 24, 2022, has 14 slides with 16.1K views. (slideshare.net)
The Tidal Disruption Event AT2021ehb: Evidence of Relativistic Disk Reflection, and Rapid Evolution of the Disk-Corona System by Sérgio Sacani, created Dec 21, 2022, has 25 slides with 15K views. (slideshare.net)

The Miniaturized High-Energy-Resolution relativistic electron Telescope (HERT) is a compact (≤3U) telescope designed for a CubeSat mission in geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). (auburn.edu)
Combined with bow tie analysis, it is demonstrated that HERT will have an energy resolution of 5% for ∼1.5 - 3 MeV electrons and 10% for ∼3-7 MeV. (auburn.edu)
The straight streaks correspond to the electron losing energy (and orbiting faster) as it radiates. (aps.org)
The jumps correspond to the loss of energy when the electron collides with an atom or molecule. (aps.org)
Researchers developed a technique that uses a scanning tunneling microscope integrated with lasers and other optical components to trap appropriate molecules and measure the energy distribution of hot electrons in a thin gold film. (phys.org)
Highly energetic, "hot" electrons have the potential to help solar panels more efficiently harvest light energy. (phys.org)
In a paper published in the journal Science on Thursday, the researchers demonstrated how a technique using a scanning tunneling microscope integrated with lasers and other optical components reveals the energy distribution of hot electrons. (phys.org)
Measuring energy distribution means quantifying how many electrons are available at a certain amount of energy. (phys.org)
While hot electrons can have temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, it's their high energy-rather than the material temperature-that makes them useful for energy technologies. (phys.org)
Hot electrons also could improve the efficiency of energy technology such as hydrogen-based fuel cells in cars by speeding up chemical reactions . (phys.org)
If you have these high-energy electrons, some of the electrons would lose their energy to the reactants and push them across that threshold, making the chemical reaction faster," Reddy said. (phys.org)
This difference in currents contains the crucial information needed to determine the energy distribution of the hot electrons in the metallic nanostructure. (phys.org)
Electrons injected into the plasma wave at a speed close to that of the wave can surf along, gaining substatial energy before outrunning it. (lu.se)
has a mass, the electron would lose most of its energy and get a transverse momentum kick. (lu.se)

Important occurrence of REs is immediately after a plasma disruption where the rapidly cooling background causes the hot-tail of the electron population to become runaway. (aalto.fi)
Electrons in the plasma will then oscillate in the laser electric field, approaching the speed of light for light intensities exceeding 10 18 W/cm 2 . (lu.se)
This leads to a relativistic mass increase of the electrons, and in turn a decrease of the refractive index of the plasma (through the plasma frequency). (lu.se)

These highly energetic electrons pose significant threats to avionics and humans in space, and understanding their dynamics has been an urgent need. (auburn.edu)
Collision dynamics probed by convoy electron emission. (atomki.hu)

The results suggest that this mechanism contributes to the reformation of the relativistic outer zone population during geomagnetic storms, and is most effective when the recovery phase is characterised by prolonged substorm activity. (copernicus.org)

The cell contains a small amount of gaseous krypton-83, a radioactive isotope that produces electrons as its nuclei undergo beta decay. (aps.org)

ELFIN will explore the mechanisms responsible for the loss of relativistic electrons from the. (nasa.gov)

It is believed that these electrons are continuously accelerated and ejected by the rapidly spinning neutron star, at the centre of the nebula and which is the remnant core of the exploded star. (lu.se)

The expectation is that the system will have a large enough number of electrons/pulse for single-shot imaging in addition to stroboscopic pump-probe methods. (ukcatalysishub.co.uk)

Therefore, a relativistic Fokker-Planck collision operator as well as the Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac force were implemented in ASCOT, and the theoretical background of these features as well as the implementation procedure are described in the thesis. (aalto.fi)

The ponderomotive force expels electrons from the interior of the laser focus. (lu.se)

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