• cal to induce skin and/or respiratory allergy at relatively high doses. (cdc.gov)
  • But iron is likely unsafe when taken by mouth in high doses. (webmd.com)
  • But high doses of iron are likely unsafe for children. (webmd.com)
  • Typical experimental design for measuring dose-response relationships are organ bath preparations, ligand binding assays, functional assays, and clinical drug trials. (wikipedia.org)
  • To assess the relationships among quetiapine blood concentration, daily dose, dopamine receptor occupancy, and clinical outcome in order, if possible, to define a target plasma level range in which therapeutic response is enhanced and adverse events are minimized. (psychiatrist.com)
  • All published reports of quetiapine plasma or serum concentration were considered for inclusion if reported in relation to a dose, clinical outcome, or dopamine occupancy. (psychiatrist.com)
  • There were no dose-response relationships for any outcome. (medrxiv.org)
  • In addition, the observed dose-response relationships and threshold values have been obtained by a wide variety of test methods using different techniques, such as intradermal exposure versus topical or inhalation exposure at the workplace, or using different endpoints, which all appear important for the outcome of the test. (cdc.gov)
  • The author concludes that future research of toxins in the workplace assessments should concentrate on continuing development of reliable data collection systems, development of more sensitive and specific measures of outcome, and the development of data systems for systematic recording and storage of data on dose and outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • The proposed research should result in information about an exposure-outcome relationship. (cdc.gov)
  • Dose-response relationships can be described by dose-response curves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dose response relationships modelled by dose response curves are used extensively in pharmacology and drug development. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Statistical analysis of dose-response curves may be performed by regression methods such as the probit model or logit model, or other methods such as the Spearman-Kärber method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Logarithmic dose-response curves are generally sigmoidal-shape and monotonic and can be fit to a classical Hill equation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed extensive guidance and reports on dose-response modeling and assessment, as well as software. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the majority of published studies are based on CXR data, resulting in difficulties for estimation of dose-response relationships for asbestos-related diseases due to imprecise assessment of asbestos exposure but also imprecise radiographic diagnosis of asbestosis and pleural plaques 3 . (ersjournals.com)
  • To our knowledge, only four studies have used HRCT for the assessment of dose-response relationships for pleural plaques and asbestosis 6 - 9 . (ersjournals.com)
  • A NIOSH study of cancer mortality in relation to chronic radiation exposure in a shipyard is summarized to show the concept of cumulative or serially additive doses in the epidemiologic assessment of chronic workplace exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The dose-response relationship, or exposure-response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further examination of the relationship between peak quetiapine plasma concentration and clinical response is necessary. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Using data from clinical trials comparing multiple fixed-dose methylphenidate groups with placebo, we conducted subgroup meta-analyses for available efficacy outcomes. (medrxiv.org)
  • With respect to the skin, dose- response relationships and no-effect levels were found for both intradermal and topical induc- tion, as well as for intradermal and topical elicitation of allergenic responses in epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH studies of chronic occupational lead (7439921) exposure are discussed to show the relationship of blood lead concentrations to the occurrence of symptoms and to the prevalence of alterations in hematologic function. (cdc.gov)
  • Data on plasma concentration-response relationships are not sufficiently robust to allow determination of a therapeutic plasma level range for quetiapine. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Although dose-response relationships for elicitation were found in some epidemiological studies, concentration-response relationships were present only in a limited number of animal studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Is There a Dose-Response Relationship between Tea Consumption and All-Cause, CVD, and Cancer Mortality? (nih.gov)
  • There were week or null relationships between tea consumption and mortality due to all-cause, CVD disease or cancer were observed in ACLS. (nih.gov)
  • Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Sarna S, Koskenvuo M. Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality: the Finnish twin cohort. (jamanetwork.com)
  • In particular, the shape of a drug's dose-response curve (quantified by EC50, nH and ymax parameters) reflects the biological activity and strength of the drug. (wikipedia.org)
  • A dose-response curve is a coordinate graph relating the magnitude of a dose (stimulus) to the response of a biological system. (wikipedia.org)
  • A commonly used dose-response curve is the EC50 curve, the half maximal effective concentration, where the EC50 point is defined as the inflection point of the curve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dose-response curve and category-specific HR estimates of exercise levels compared with the federally recommended minimum of 7.5 metabolic equivalent (MET) hours per week. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Specific to response to doses of radiation the Health Physics Society (in the United States) has published a documentary series on the origins of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model though the society has not adopted a policy on LNT. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notwithstanding the observation of dose-response relationships and no-effect levels, due to a number of uncertainties, no definite conclusions can be drawn about absolute threshold values for allergens with respect to sensitization of and elicitation reactions in the skin and respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2001, Bégin and Christman 10 highlighted the need for an objective and independent measurement of disease activity, such as HRCT, but emphasised that computed tomography (CT) scanning was not yet a "gold standard", despite its higher sensitivity compared with CXR, due to the absence of clearly established exposure-response relationships. (ersjournals.com)
  • Biologic variation (variation in magnitude of response among test subjects in the same population given the same dose of drug) also occurs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A literature study was performed to evaluate dose-response relationships and no-effect levels for sensitization and elicitation in skin- and respiratory allergy. (cdc.gov)
  • The epidemiologic dose/response approach to evaluate workplace exposures in the absence of direct environment measurements is examined in an evaluation of health consequences of ozone (10028156) exposure in flight attendants. (cdc.gov)
  • Biologically based models using dose are preferred over the use of log(dose) because the latter can visually imply a threshold dose when in fact there is none. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results and conclusion Five trials used a fixed-dose design with multiple methylphenidate groups receiving different doses. (medrxiv.org)
  • The aim of the present study was to describe the relationships between asbestos exposure and pleural plaques and asbestosis in a large cohort of formerly asbestos-exposed workers, and to assess asbestos exposure parameters linked to the presence of HRCT features of these two diseases by means of multivariate analysis. (ersjournals.com)
  • Objective To assess potential dose-response relationships of extended-release methylphenidate for ADHD in adults on efficacy outcomes. (medrxiv.org)
  • An exposure gradient that identifies responders at differing levels of exposures can improve the ability to detect dose-response relationships. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we use four well-bleached sediments with low external dose rate (typically ≤1.5 Gy ka -1 ) to investigate this relationship. (dtu.dk)
  • Dose-response data are typically graphed with the dose or dose function (eg, log 10 dose) on the x-axis and the measured effect (response) on the y-axis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, especially with re- gard to respiratory allergy, standardized and validated dose-response test methods are urgently required in order to be able to recommend safe exposure levels for allergens at the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • The Hill equation is a logistic function with respect to the logarithm of the dose and is similar to a logit model. (wikipedia.org)
  • The time since first exposure (TSFE), level, duration and cumulative exposure to asbestos were used in adjusted unconditional logistic regression to model the relationships of the two diseases. (ersjournals.com)
  • In populations, dose-response relationships can describe the way groups of people or organisms are affected at different levels of exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because a drug effect is a function of dose and time, such a graph depicts the dose-response relationship independent of time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Empirical models based on nonlinear regression are usually preferred over the use of some transformation of the data that linearizes the dose-response relationship. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on data collected by CelebsCouples, Alissa Violet has been in at least three previous relationships prior to this one. (researchblaze.com)
  • The applied dose is generally plotted on the X axis and the response is plotted on the Y axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some cases, it is the logarithm of the dose that is plotted on the X axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The adage The dose makes the poison reflects how a small amount of a toxin has no significant effect, while a large amount may be fatal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Doses as low as 60 mg/kg can be fatal. (webmd.com)
  • We conclude that this surprising absence of the expected relationships between dose and K concentration and grain size does not arise from analytical precision, incomplete bleaching, sediment mixing or fading. (dtu.dk)
  • Consequently, these tests do not provide information of dose-response relationships at lower doses such as found in, for exam- ple, occupational situations. (cdc.gov)
  • Concerns that biopersistent and lipophilic chemicals accumulating in breast milk may present health problems offsetting benefits of breast feeding have led to studies examining possible relationships between adverse effects in breast-fed children and chemicals detected in breast milk, and to studies examining several health endpoints in animals following exposure to mixtures of biopersistent chemicals during gestation and/or lactation. (cdc.gov)
  • Get your daily dose of wisdom. (utmost.org)
  • Iron is likely safe for most people when used in doses below the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 45 mg elemental iron daily. (webmd.com)
  • Iron is likely safe to use while pregnant and breast-feeding in doses below the UL of 45 mg of elemental iron by mouth daily. (webmd.com)
  • Iron is likely safe when taken by mouth in doses below the UL of 40 mg of elemental iron daily. (webmd.com)
  • If a higher than linear dose-response relationship exists between dose per bronchial cell and age-specific risk per bronchial cell, this may help explain why bronchial carcinomas chiefly arise in the upper bronchi, for dilution effects might then protect the larger areas lower in the bronchial tree. (bmj.com)
  • Higher doses can cause stomach side effects such as nausea and vomiting and may even increase the risk for preterm birth. (webmd.com)
  • Drug X has greater biologic activity per dosing equivalent and is thus more potent than drug Y or Z. Drugs X and Z have equal efficacy, indicated by their maximal attainable response (ceiling effect). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studying dose response, and developing dose-response models, is central to determining "safe", "hazardous" and (where relevant) beneficial levels and dosages for drugs, pollutants, foods, and other substances to which humans or other organisms are exposed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also has guidance to elucidate dose-response relationships during drug development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dose response relationships may be used in individuals or in populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • This reflects how dose-response relationships can be used in individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some example measures for dose-response relationships are shown in the tables below. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most studies on asbestos-related diseases are based on chest radiographs, and dose-response relationships are still controversial. (ersjournals.com)
  • Both time-response and dose-response relationships were demonstrated for pleural plaques, while only dose-response relationships were demonstrated for asbestosis. (ersjournals.com)
  • The dose-response relationship for (immediate-release) quetiapine is established. (psychiatrist.com)
  • However, there was certainly some statistically significant (P less than 0.01) upward curvature of the dose-response relationship in the range 0-40 cigarettes/day, which is what might be expected if more that one of the "stages" (in the multistage genesis of bronchial carcinoma) was strongly affected by smoking. (bmj.com)
  • Dose-response, which involves the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, determines the required dose and frequency as well as the therapeutic index for a drug in a population. (msdmanuals.com)
  • With respect to the respiratory tract, dose-response rela- tionships and no-effect levels for induction were found in several human as well as animal studies. (cdc.gov)
  • After nearly 8 months of research and refinement, the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology formed a scientific review on the "Dose-response Relationship" of probiotics, providing technical references for the health effects of probiotics' dose index and industrial application in Chinese standards and regulations. (hpachina.org)
  • A NIOSH study of acute exposure to methyl-alcohol (67561) vapors from duplicating machines is examined to demonstrate the dose/response relationship between reported illness and suspect causal agent. (cdc.gov)
  • To maintain this friendship and faithfulness to the Bridegroom, we have to be more careful to have the moral and vital relationship to Him above everything else, including obedience. (utmost.org)
  • President Biden told world leaders at the United Nations Tuesday that he is not seeking conflict with China but that the U.S. will "push back on aggression and intimidation" as his administration seeks to walk a careful line in its relationship with Beijing. (texomashomepage.com)
  • Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: dose and time relationships among regular smokers and lifelong non-smokers. (bmj.com)
  • But at the same time, the Biden administration has prioritized strengthening relationships and alliances in the Indo-Pacific in an effort to counter Chinese influence in the region and ensure that other countries are not reliant on Beijing for financial support. (texomashomepage.com)
  • There was a weak correlation between quetiapine dose and measured plasma concentration (from trough samples). (psychiatrist.com)
  • It appears that we cannot measure feldspar doses in these samples as accurately as we thought. (dtu.dk)
  • Due to various study-dependent conditions, these studies did not provide evidence of clear relationships between asbestosis and pleural plaques and asbestos exposure. (ersjournals.com)
  • The commonest asbestos-related diseases are benign diseases and many studies have examined the relationships between asbestos exposure and these diseases 1 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Increasing the dose of a drug with a small therapeutic index increases the probability of toxicity or ineffectiveness of the drug. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This information helps determine the dose necessary to achieve the desired effect. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Previous work has been unable to establish a relationship between K concentration and De in single-grains of feldspar. (dtu.dk)