Regulatory retroviral proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Unlike our genome, which is composed of DNA, the retroviral genome is composed of RNA. (answersingenesis.org)
1 , 2 The scientists involved in this recent study compared sequences of HERVs from many parts of the human genome and constructed a retroviral sequence they believe resembles the sequence of the "ancestral" retrovirus of this family. (answersingenesis.org)
And if there is a biomolecule that plays the role of a superhero, it would be p53 , a protein that has been nicknamed the "guardian of the genome. (reasons.org)
It preserves genome stability by binding to damaged DNA and activating DNA repair proteins. (reasons.org)
New insight into p53 function shows that, in addition to guarding the genome (and playing other heroic roles), this protein also helps defend the RTB genomics creation model from one of its most serious threats-the widespread presence of endogenous retroviral (ERV) sequences in genomes. (reasons.org)
Once incorporated into an organism's genome, retroviral DNA is called an endogenous retrovirus. (reasons.org)
This insertion event can damage the genome by disrupting DNA sequences that encode proteins or DNA sequences that play a regulatory role. (reasons.org)
Besides coding for the normal retroviral Gag Pol and Env protein the HIV-1 genome also encodes the regulatory Tat and Rev protein and the accessories Vif Vpr Vpu and Nef protein (14). (cancer-pictures.org)
The retroviral promoter can direct high-level, efficient expression of genes encoded within the viral capsid of its genome using chromatin. (ukessays.com)
At the beginning of the life cycle the retroviral genome is a DNA element integrated into and covalently attached to the DNA of the host cell. (ukessays.com)
Once inside the cell, the nucleoprotein complex accesses intracellular DNA nucleotide triphosphate pools, where the reverse transcriptase protein initiates and creation of a double-stranded DNA copy of the genome of the virus is prepared for integration into the host cell chromosome. (ukessays.com)
Other RNA molecules perform regulatory functions that direct the expression of other genes in the genome. (stanford.edu)
However, the remarkable progress made in this regard left many questions unanswered and only emphasized that DNA sequence represents only the most basic level of analysis of the human genome and that higher-order organization is key to its proper function, much like how the amino acid sequence of a protein is only meaningful in the context of its tertiary structure. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Methylating these dinucleotides is thought to represent an important defense mechanism that protects the genome from the harmful expression of sequences that have parasitized the human genome in ancient times such as retroviral DNA-derived sequences. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Along with PTMs, the partial or complete disassembly of nucleosomes allows the exchange and degradation of pre-existing histone proteins, with the incorporation of newly synthesised histones onto chromatin that can eventually result in the resetting of previous epigenetic marks. (aging-us.com)
More specifically, the "epigenome" refers to the constellation of covalent modifications of DNA and the histone proteins that help pack DNA on the chromosome as well as the newly discovered noncoding transcripts that function to modulate the transcriptional activity of DNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Methylation also refers to the addition of methyl group to lysine residues in the histone proteins around which DNA is wrapped. (basicmedicalkey.com)

These two genes represent the first demonstrated functions of endogenous retroviral sequences in human tissues. (eurekaselect.com)

The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= GENE PRODUCTS, REV ), termed the rev-responsive element (RRE). (lookformedical.com)
One role is to control the regulation of genes (the expression of proteins from genes). (answersingenesis.org)
Transcription factors such as TEF-5, Hand1, HEB, HASH-2 and two genes represented by ESTs may have regulatory roles in placental development. (eurekaselect.com)
This loss is accompanied with an increased expression of the histone demethylase Jmjd3 and with the recruitment of the MLL1 protein, and correlates with the expression of the Ink4a/Arf genes. (plos.org)
Genera for which differences are limited to the four invariant genes - gag (group specific antigen), pro (protease), pol (polymerase) and env (envelope) - are classified as simple retroviruses, whereas genera that encode accessory proteins are classified as complex retroviruses. (caister.com)
Wysocka and Grow were interested in the regulatory mechanisms within an early embryo that control which genes are made into RNA and proteins, and at which times during development. (stanford.edu)
Recently, though, they have been shown to play an important regulatory role in the expression of nearby genes. (stanford.edu)
But some retroviruses, the lentivirus, possess regulatory genes, represented here in red, that allow for replication, even when the cell is resting, which undoubtedly has many advantages. (futurelearn.com)
DNA sequences in genes that interact with regulatory proteins (such as transcription factors) to determine the rate and timing of expression of the genes as well as the beginning and end of the transcript. (nationalacademies.org)
One of the potential effects of TEs is the generation of new gene sequences [ 3 , 6 , 7 ] such as the envelope (env) genes of retroviral origin found in several mammals. (ecancer.org)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

The retroviral genomes can accommodate changes to its configuration. (ukessays.com)

DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)
DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral enzymes including reverse transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/integrase. (lookformedical.com)
Cell receptors recognize certain sequences of the envelope proteins. (futurelearn.com)

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
Targeting viral vector particles to predetermined cell types will be obtained through genetic engineering of retroviral envelopes or adenoviral capsid proteins, by using single chain antibody fragments or tumour cell receptor ligands. (europa.eu)
The advent of immunoblotting, ≈100 times more sensitive than techniques of the 1970s ( 6 ), enabled the detection of antibodies reactive with recombinant purified BLV p24 capsid protein in serum samples from 39% of 257 self-selected human volunteers ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Between the capsid and the envelope, there are filling proteins that constitute the matrix. (futurelearn.com)
At a certain time, due to little known circumstances, it uses the cell mechanisms to form molecules of complementary RNA that travel to the cytoplasm to be translated into the proteins of the envelope, the capsid, and the others that we have spoken about. (futurelearn.com)

Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. (lookformedical.com)
They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease. (lookformedical.com)
External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
It serves as a precursor for both the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120 and the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP41 . (lookformedical.com)
its steady association with Vpu impacts the Wnt and nuclear element kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways (1 5 In HIV-infected cells Vpu can be synthesized from a bicistronic mRNA that also rules for the viral envelope (Env) proteins gp160. (cancer-pictures.org)
Newer studies claim that Vpu aswell as the Vpu-like activity PHA-848125 of HIV-2 envelope protein works by overcoming a book species-specific host limitation to HIV launch (51). (cancer-pictures.org)
The specificity of the virus-cell interaction is determined most commonly by the envelope proteins of the retrovirus. (ukessays.com)
Env is the envelope protein. (ukessays.com)
The full-length message can be spliced to lead to production of envelope proteins (or other proteins depending upon retroviral class). (ukessays.com)
pol, that encodes the enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, and env, which encodes the envelope proteins. (futurelearn.com)

The accessories proteins are necessary for establishment and persistence of disease in the sponsor but are dispensable for HIV replication in vitro PHA-848125 (14). (cancer-pictures.org)
Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)

However, unlike other oncogenic retroviruses, deltaretroviruses have an additional region, tax (trans-activating region of the X gene), which has regulatory functions and is oncogenic to host cells. (cdc.gov)
Whether Vpu can be a virulence element remains to become established but in comparison to HIV-1 carefully related retroviruses such as for example PHA-848125 HIV-2 and SIV that absence expression of a completely functional Vpu proteins also cause much less severe disease results. (cancer-pictures.org)
Early research showed that manifestation of Vpu could improve the launch of varied retroviral contaminants from human being cells whether those retroviruses normally bring a Vpu protein (17). (cancer-pictures.org)
General transcription and proteins are encoded from spliced mRNA of retroviruses. (ukessays.com)
Despite these similarities however, retroviruses have major differences with regard to their genomic organisation, protein composition, and architecture. (caister.com)

Arf-GAP domain and FG repeat-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AGFG1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is related to nucleoporins, a class of proteins that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. (lookformedical.com)
Grow and Wysocka have found that these viral proteins are well-placed to manipulate some of the earliest steps in our development by affecting gene expression and even possibly protecting the embryo's cells from further viral infection. (stanford.edu)
Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits. (cdc.gov)
Effects of genetic variation in the human retinol binding protein-4 gene (RBP4) on insulin resistance and fat depot-specific mRNA expression. (cdc.gov)
Regulatory SNP in the RBP4 gene modified the expression in adipocytes and associated with BMI. (cdc.gov)
Effects of variation in retinol binding protein 4 gene and adipose specific expression of gestational diabetes in Beijing, China. (cdc.gov)
and RBP4 gene variants on metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients with anti-retroviral therapy. (cdc.gov)
The env gene maintained an ORF coding for a 538-amino acid polypeptide that has all the characteristic features of env proteins and mediates intercellular fusion in vitro [ 11 - 13 ]. (ecancer.org)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
In addition to classical gene regulatory networks noted above, we have recently identified a central role for additional biologic mechanisms, namely gene regulation by chromatin regulators and by noncoding RNAs. (stanford.edu)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

Individual partners will either provide transgenes, or regulatory transcriptional cassettes, which will be assembled into individual novel targeted recombinants. (europa.eu)
However, the proteins needed for transcriptional control have been reported to be immunogenic and there is often a substantial leakage in the systems (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)
EVI1 Interferes with Myeloid Maturation via Transcriptional Repression of Cebpa, via Binding to Two Far Downstream Regulatory Elements. (rochester.edu)
So while the first-order organization of DNA (ie, DNA sequence) is essentially the same in all cells of the human body, the context in which the sequence occurs varies greatly, conferring tissue-specific "epigenomes" that in turn determine the transcriptional signature of a cell (transcriptome) as well as the profile of proteins it produces (proteome). (basicmedicalkey.com)
This lack of methylation confers a permissive environment of transcription and represents an important transcriptional regulatory mechanism. (basicmedicalkey.com)

This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)

The targeting strategies will be implemented in retroviral, lentiviral, and gutless high capacity adenoviral vectors. (europa.eu)
ii) gutless adenoviral vectors, by genetic modifications of the fibre and hexon proteins of the adenoviral capsids, as well as through the use of combined cell type specific and inducible promoters. (europa.eu)
These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)
In our system, we engineered target peptide-IgG constructs into retroviral vectors and transduced hematopoietic cells to create tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells. (usuhs.edu)
Unlike overall download the heritage of time that is site of well transient tailor components transient to the computationally full models, study process cell vectors regulatory plants that have far appealing predictions and cells of translation. (scoutconnection.com)

These superhelical structures present an extensive solvent-accessible surface that is well suited to binding large substrates such as proteins and nucleic acids. (eu.org)
The immense majority of virus need the cell to be active and multiplying, so that the enzymes and components that form new nucleic acids and proteins are available. (futurelearn.com)

Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
Complement regulatory molecules might prove beneficial in the prevention of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) from up-regulated complement components in chronic as well as acute neurodegenerative disorders. (openbiochemistryjournal.com)

Infection leads to injection of the virus nucleoprotein core (consisting of many gag-derived proteins, full-length genomic RNA, and the reverse transcriptase protein). (ukessays.com)

However, with time they accumulate mutations and rarely encode protein-making instructions themselves. (stanford.edu)

Close transposon relatives and other recombination enzymes, including retroviral integrases, have served as useful models to infer functional information relevant to SB. (encyclopedia.pub)

The group antigens form the viral core structure and are the major proteins which comprise the nucleoprotein core particles. (ukessays.com)
B-type particles correspond to the extracellular form of MMTV and are characterised by prominent surface protein "spikes" and a dense asentric nucleocapsid. (ukessays.com)
The viral DNA makes viral proteins, which assemble themselves into something that looks suspiciously like infectious viral particles. (stanford.edu)
We can't say yet whether these viral particles can be infectious, but regardless of whether they are, viral proteins within a cell are rarely completely inert. (stanford.edu)

Full-length genomic unspliced mRNA is bound by gag-derived proteins and incorporated into the budding particle. (ukessays.com)

Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial ®brillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. (lu.se)

Many biologists believe that ERVs are the leftover remnants of a retroviral infection. (reasons.org)
Given its particular distribution in normal human tissues and its potential roll as an immune modulator and in amino acid transport, tissue tolerance and protection against retroviral infection, syncytin could be a potential target for immune therapy using specific inhibitors. (ecancer.org)

Translated proteins assemble a retroviral particle at the cell surface. (ukessays.com)

Among these regulatory processes, core and linker histones are subjected to a large pattern of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that influence chromatin state and DNA accessibility [ 4 - 7 ]. (aging-us.com)
These dedicated proteins are generally known as histone chaperones and effectively control histone supply and chromatin dynamics [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
DNA in chromatin is organized in arrays of nucleosomes 1 .Two copies of each histone protein, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, are assembled into an octamer that has 145?147 base pairs (bp) of DNA wrapped around it to form a nucleosome core (of relative molecular mass 206K). (nature.com)

Gag and Pol are made as either Gag protein or a Gag-Pol precursor. (ukessays.com)

A human nucleoporin-like protein that specifically interacts with HIV Rev". Nature. (wikipedia.org)
The motif is conserved in essential proteins throughout the eukaryotic domain of life and also in human viruses, suggesting that the motifs are required for basic cellular function. (eu.org)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
The human being immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu accessory protein is a transmembrane protein that down regulates CD4 expression and promotes the discharge of new virions. (cancer-pictures.org)
Modulating agents include human E3 ubiquitin ligases, antibodies thereto and variants thereof, as well as related proteins. (justia.com)
VCP is known to be structurally similar to C4B binding protein (C4Bbp), but functionally to CR1, a human complement regulatory molecule known to bind C3b. (openbiochemistryjournal.com)
Joanna Wysocka found viral proteins in human embryonic cells. (stanford.edu)
Researchers have known for nearly six decades that nearly every cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of chromo-somes - stubby bundles of DNA strings that carry the instructions to make every protein in the body. (stanford.edu)
The tribological details have the stable related data of the good such human models using the free index zu das christlich koptische agypten in arabischer zeit tavo b 41 1 6 tubinger atlas des vorderen orients identification and the given histories are the correlated predictions of 12 Particularly encoded proteins. (naturheilpraxis-gisbert-fussek.de)
DAbR1 was subcloned together with green fluorescent protein into an SFG-retroviral vector and used to transduce CD3/CD28-activated primary human T cells and second-generation 1928z (CAR) T cells. (snmjournals.org)

Therefore the Vpu proteins also plays a part in viral persistence by attenuating immune system reactions during HIV disease. (cancer-pictures.org)

The higher degree of plasticity of the motif and the transient interaction provides a regulatory mechanism that acts to secure a proper balance between phosphatase and kinase activity in a given signaling network. (eu.org)
Its activation is tightly controlled by numerous other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP, and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)

A variety of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, cytokines, antigens, stress inducing agents, UV light and viral proteins initiate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to NF-κB release and activation. (justia.com)

PP2A-mediated protein dephosphorylation is involved in a broad range of cellular processes including cell-cycle progression, cytoskeletal dynamics, and growth factor signalling. (eu.org)
Chemotaxis of neutrophils involves movement of pseudopodia and polymerization of cytoskeletal proteins or actin. (medscape.com)

For the most part, these RNA messages then leave the nucleus and travel to protein-making machinery called ribosomes in the cell's cytoplasm. (stanford.edu)

Two of the most diffuse clothes enable shop cellular factors involved in early steps of retroviral and waste. (tanganyikawildernesscamps.com)
Estuardo Robles is the shop cellular factors involved in early steps of retroviral of Americas IT Forum. (tanganyikawildernesscamps.com)
At the shop cellular factors involved in early steps of retroviral of the address, Basinger is estimated Being in the und with her forces have. (tanganyikawildernesscamps.com)
Throughout evolution, eukaryotes adopted a network of highly conserved proteins that buffer the positive charges of histones, maintaining their solubility and, therefore, avoiding aberrant interactions with other cellular components. (aging-us.com)

Unspliced full-length mRNA can give rise to gag-pol proteins. (ukessays.com)

[ 1 ] Neutrophils move to the site of invasion by means of chemotaxis, which occurs in response to microbial products, activated complement proteins, and cytokines. (medscape.com)

they are improvement of disease launch from contaminated cells (26 41 47 50 and degradation from the HIV receptor Compact disc4 proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (53). (cancer-pictures.org)

Reversible protein phosphorylation is an essential regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. (eu.org)

Vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP) and curcumin (Cur) are natural compounds with different biological origins reported to regulate complement activation. (openbiochemistryjournal.com)

The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Myeloid JMJD3 ablation attenuated collagen deposition, extracellular matrix proteins expression, and fibroblasts activation in injured kidneys following DOCA/salt treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Normally, p53 works in conjunction with the proteins LSD1 and DNMT1 to suppress ERV expression. (reasons.org)
Efforts have therefore, designed a study to compare the expression of green ¯uor- been made to develop systems based on different drugs or hormones escent protein (GFP) and GDNF under the control of the hGFAP including tetracycline, rapamycine and progestrone (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)
We report on separase transcription, protein expression, and Separase proteolytic activity. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
Epithelial Protein Lost in Neoplasm α is a novel cytoskeleton-associated tumor suppressor whose expression inversely correlates with cell growth, motility, invasion and cancer mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
We have generated a set of Cre reporter mice with strong, ubiquitous expression of fluorescent proteins of different spectra. (bioseek.eu)

These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)

Protein dephosphorylation by the PP2A phosphatase is mainly achieved through the interaction of its regulatory subunit with the associated proteins. (eu.org)

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. (bvsalud.org)

In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green ¯uorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. (lu.se)
Pralatrexate (PDX, 10-propargyl 10-deazaaminopterin) is a folate analogue that was rationally designed to have high affinity for Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC)-1, an oncofetal protein expressed in many cancers that actively transports folates into cells. (skincaremanual.org)
Our results suggest that in young cells Polycomb proteins are recruited to the INK4/ARF locus through CDC6 and the resulting silent locus is replicated during late S-phase. (plos.org)
This therapy requires regulatory T cells for both the induction and maintenance of tolerance. (usuhs.edu)

Loss of IRF-4 inhibited extracellular matrix protein deposition and suppressed fibroblasts activation in the kidneys of mice subjected to DOCA-salt treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Moderate Protein Restriction Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice by Mechanisms Involving Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Responses. (uni-due.de)

Master regulatory GATA transcription factors: mechanistic principles and emerging links to hematologic malignancies. (rochester.edu)

The regulatory subunits of PP2A holoenzyme determine the substrate specificity. (eu.org)

MIF4G domain-like, found in eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4G, translation initiation factor eIF-2b epsilon and nuclear cap-binding protein CBP80. (eu.org)

By holding the cell at this stage in the cell cycle, p53 gives the DNA repair proteins enough time to clean up the damaged DNA before DNA synthesis takes place. (reasons.org)
Cell 75:495, 1993), and a series of unique E6-AP homologous proteins have been identified (Huibregtse et al. (justia.com)
Evidence supporting the direct control of the cell cycle by Pc-G proteins in vertebrates came from studies on mouse Bmi1 mutants. (plos.org)
The retroviral life cycle begins in the nucleus of an infected cell. (ukessays.com)
At the ribosome, the protein is assembled and sent off on its merry way to direct the function or development of the cell. (stanford.edu)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

The location of integration sites of transposable elements are used to determine evolutionary relationships: "A specific retroviral integration site shared by two species is indicative of a common ancestor because the likelihood of independent integrations at exactly the same locus (insertional homoplasy) is negligible. (answersingenesis.org)

Resistant HMCL also exhibited a dose-dependent up-regulation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein, a primary molecular target for anti-folates, in response to PDX exposure, whereas sensitive HMCL did not. (skincaremanual.org)

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Anatomy6

Organisms19

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes19

Information Science3

Genome14

Histone proteins3

Endogenous retroviral1

Genes11

Genomes1

Sequences3

Capsid5

Envelope12

Replication5

Retroviruses5

Gene14

Transcriptional5

Encodes1

Vectors5

Nucleic acids2

Molecules2

Reverse transcriptase1

Encode1

Enzymes1

Particles4

Genomic1

Promoter1

Infection2

Assemble1

Chromatin3

Precursor1

Human10

Attenuating immune1

Kinase2

ANTIGENS1

Cytoskeletal2

Ribosomes1

Cellular4

MRNA1

Cytokines1

Degradation1

Phosphorylation1

Regulate1

Inhibitor1

Expression6

Receptors1

Interaction1

Interferon1

Cells4

Mice2

Transcription factors1

Subunits1

Nuclear1

Cell7

Evolutionary1

Molecular1

Marker1