• Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (rcsb.org)
  • The allosteric interactions and regulation of molecular chaperones and protein kinases allow for molecular communication and event coupling in signal transduction networks. (utoronto.ca)
  • The synergistic roles of the Hsp90-Cdc37 chaperone machinery and protein kinases in biology and disease have stimulated extensive structural and functional studies of regulatory mechanisms underlying the Hsp90-kinase interactions. (utoronto.ca)
  • We report the results of integrative systems biology studies of the Hsp90 chaperone and protein kinases with an atomic level analysis of the communication pathways regulating conformational equilibrium of theses protein systems in signaling networks. (utoronto.ca)
  • Biophysical modeling of allosteric regulation in the protein kinases has offered additional insights into organizing principles of kinase activation by molecular chaperones that may be orchestrated by a cross-talk between key regulatory regions. (utoronto.ca)
  • Among our primary findings is the emerging evidence that a small number of functional motifs may be utilized by the chaperone and protein kinases to act collectively as central regulators of the intermolecular communications, ATP hydrolysis, and protein client binding in signaling networks. (utoronto.ca)
  • Network modelling and percolation analysis approaches were used to emulate thermal unfolding and characterize conformational landscapes of a wide range of protein kinases, revealing that chaperone dependency of protein kinase clients may be linked with the elevated conformational mobility of their inactive states induced by dynamic and energetic polarization of kinase lobes. (utoronto.ca)
  • By showcasing a family of cyclin-dependent (CDK) kinases that display a broad repertoire of chaperone dependencies, we discovered that unique functional dynamics signatures and chaperone addiction of CDK4 and CDK7 client proteins can explain divergences in their regulatory mechanisms that require a confluence of events, including formation of the inhibitory ternary complex, substrate recruitment and activation loop phosphorylation. (utoronto.ca)
  • Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are principal drivers of cell division and are an important therapeutic target to inhibit aberrant proliferation. (escholarship.org)
  • At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
  • Increasing numbers of sequence and biochemical data show the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in regulation of the cell cycle progression in higher plants. (bibbase.org)
  • The present yeast two-hybrid analyses showed differential interaction between defined D-type cyclins and Cdc2Ms kinases functioning in G2/M phases. (bibbase.org)
  • article{meszaros_multiple_2000, title = {Multiple cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and phosphatases control {G2}/{M} progression in alfalfa cells}, volume = {43}, issn = {1573-5028}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006412413671}, doi = {10/cb64mn}, abstract = {Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
  • Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (genetex.com)
  • Passage through the cell cycle requires the successive activation of different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). (unibas.ch)
  • The proper development and homeostasis of tissues and organs at the cellular level are ensured by a finely and timely regulated progression of the cell division cycle, which requires the perfectly harmonized activity of numerous protein kinases/phosphatases and regulatory proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • Among them, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)s with their modulatory partners, cyclins, represent the major players acting with switch-like behavior to turn on cell growth, through the control of chromatin replication and condensation, gene transcription, assembly of the mitotic spindle, and proper cytodieresis. (mdpi.com)
  • HMGB1 can activate a series of signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT, which play an important role in tumor growth and inflammation, through binding to different surface receptors, such as RAGE and TLR2/4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Key components supplier CX-4945 of these paths are protein kinases that are critical for the appropriate time of each cell cycle stage. (smadpathway.com)
  • Preeminent among these proteins are the cyclin dependent kinases, which upon binding to cyclins, phosphorylate numerous targets to trigger cell cycle progression. (smadpathway.com)
  • These proteins, including Aurora A and B, are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for cell division activities such as spindle construction, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. (smadpathway.com)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • Cyclins (regulatory subunits) bind to cdks (catalytic subunits) to form complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Mitotic cyclins stably associate with this protein and function as regulatory subunits. (fcgportal.org)
  • Evidence has established that B type cyclins not only act on M phase regulatory subunits of the Cdc2 protein kinase, but also activate the Cdc25A and Cdc25B endogenous tyrosine phosphatase, of which Cdc2 is the physiological substrate. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
  • p16 Ink4a downregulation leads to an activation of PKA-CREB-PGC1α signaling through increased phosphorylation of PKA regulatory subunits. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These enzymes are controlled by transient associations with cyclin regulatory subunits, binding of inhibitory polypeptides and reversible phosphorylation reactions. (unibas.ch)
  • The CPC includes, as well as Aurora B, three regulatory subunits: the inner centromeric protein, Survivin, and Borealin/Dasra W. Beginning in prophase, the CPC localizes to condensing chromosomes and steadily concentrates at the internal centromere where one function would be to correct poor Infectious causes of cancer spindle kinetochore devices. (smadpathway.com)
  • The role of cyclin B1 is to transition the cell from G2 to M phase but becomes unregulated in cancer cells where overexpression of cyclin B1 can lead to uncontrolled cell growth by binding to its partner Cdks. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main cyclin-cdks complexes formed in vertebrate cells are cyclin D-cdk4 (G0/G1), cyclin E-cdk2 (G1/S), cyclin A-cdk2 (S) and cyclin B1-cdk1 (G2/M). These complexes are regulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including p21 and p27Kip1. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The complexity represented by different types of CDKs and cyclins in a single species such as alfalfa, indicates that multicomponent regulatory pathways control G2/M transition. (bibbase.org)
  • The increasingly growing fraction of cancer driver mutations emerging from sequencing studies of protein kinase genes appeared to be inactivating or kinase-dead leading to the loss of function. (utoronto.ca)
  • Specific substrates for cdk-cyclin complexes include nuclear lamins, histones, oncogenes (e.g., c-abl and SV40 large T-Ag), tumor suppressor genes (e.g., retinoblastoma protein, Rb), nucleolin and others. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Computational techniques were used to (1) study the enrichment of PSC-risk variants within regulatory elements, (2) correlate risk genotype with differences in regulatory element activity, and (3) identify regulatory elements differentially active and genes differentially expressed between PSC patients and controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • In total, 250 genes and >10,000 regulatory elements were identified that are differentially active between patients and controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression of genes through miRNA is regulated by endogenous regulatory pathways, resulting in high stability and biocompatibility ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In a biological system, genes perform different molecular functions and regulate various biological processes via interactions with other genes thus forming a variety of complex networks. (hindawi.com)
  • To better understand the roles of these differentially expressed genes and their interactions in a complex biological system, a comprehensive pathway analysis is needed. (hindawi.com)
  • To promote progression towards DNA replication, CDK/cyclin complexes phosphorylate proteins required for the activation of genes involved in DNA synthesis, as well as components of the DNA replication machinery. (unibas.ch)
  • For example, the encoded protein represses the transcription of differentiation-specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation, but this repression is then overcome by differentiation signals. (nih.gov)
  • a map is constructed that shows interactions among molecular entities (such as genes, proteins and RNAs), using information from literature and databases. (hindawi.com)
  • A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Total RNA from tumors the expression of thousands of genes (3) to address complex questions was isolated using two successive rounds of Trizol. (lu.se)
  • The gene product complexes with p34 (Cdk1) to form the maturation-promoting factor (MPF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Its activation is well-regulated, and positive feedback loops ensure that once the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex is activated, it is not deactivated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin B1-Cdk1 is involved in the early events of mitosis, such as chromosome condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, and spindle pole assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once activated, cyclin B1-Cdk1 promotes several of the events of early mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another important function of the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex is to break down the nuclear envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorylation of the lamins by cyclin B1-Cdk1 causes them to dissociate, compromising the structural integrity of the nuclear envelope so that it breaks down. (wikipedia.org)
  • Just prior to mitosis, a large amount of cyclin B1 is present in the cell, but it is inactive due to phosphorylation of Cdk1 by the Wee1 kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once cyclin B1-Cdk1 is activated, it remains stably active for the rest of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another mechanism by which cyclin B1-Cdk1 activity is regulated is through subcellular localization. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is regulated by the phosphorylation of cyclin B1, in contrast to phosphorylation of Cdk1 regulating the activity of the complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin B1 is phosphorylated by Polo kinase and Cdk1, again setting up a positive feedback loop that commits cyclin B1-Cdk1 to its fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin B1 has been shown to interact with Cdk1, GADD45A and RALBP1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin A is involved in both S-phase and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle through its association with cdk2 and cdk1, respectively. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • A cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex that has a cyclin B regulatory subunit and a Cdk1 kinase subunit. (proconsortium.org)
  • CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
  • Along with Cdk1/cyclin N, members of the Aurora/Ipl1 kinase family are also crucial regulators of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)
  • This protein is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF), which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (fcgportal.org)
  • This protein kinase is composed of a catalytic subunit (Cdc2), a regulatory subunit (cyclin B) and a low molecular weight subunit (p13-Suc1). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The Cdc/cyclin enzyme is subject to multiple levels of control, of which the regulation of the catalytic subunit by tyrosine phosphorylation is the best understood. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. (genetex.com)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • Characterization of the Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 4 (APC4) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (fapesp.br)
  • In this study, we investigated the involvement of respiratory complex I and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in melanoma progression. (dcaguide.org)
  • Knockdown of p100 in cultured human bladder cancer cells promoted anchorage-independent growth accompanied with elevating abundance of cell-cycle-related proteins and accelerated cell-cycle progression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)
  • While the exact mechanism that explains how cyclin B1 becomes overexpressed is not very well understood, previous work has shown that down regulation of cyclin B1 can lead to tumor regression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integration of computational systems biology and machine learning analysis of the Hsp90 interactions with oncogenic kinase mutants is then used to construct models of allosteric regulation of oncogenic proteins by molecular chaperones in signaling cascades. (utoronto.ca)
  • The structure of P-TEFb (CDK9/cyclin T1), its complex with flavopiridol and regulation by phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To understand the regulation of a transcriptional CDK by its cognate cyclin, we have determined the structures of the CDK9/CycT1 and free cyclin T2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Because Cdi4 was originally identified by its ability to interact with a Drosophila cyclin-dependent kinase, the finding that it interacts with cyclin E strengthened the notion that it functions in cell cycle regulation. (fhcrc.org)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, experimental approaches have limitations when dealing with complex biological systems composed of multiple layers of regulation such as the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation by transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The application of the systems biology approach to the analysis of a gene regulatory network is demonstrated with a case study of the regulation of p21 by multiple miRNAs [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These proteins display interactions and are involved in the regulation of the cellular cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings suggest that parasite proteins are able to inhibit erythroid cell growth by down-regulation of ezrin phosphorylation, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis ultimately resulting in severe malarial anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Cdc48/p97 AAA ATPase has been linked by recent reports with the regulation of Aurora B and the chromosomal passenger complex. (smadpathway.com)
  • Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, an increase in expression of cyclin B1/cdc2 is significantly higher in breast tumor tissue and shown to increase lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation inhibits the Cdc2/ cyclin B enzyme, and tyrosine dephosphorylation, occurring at the onset of mitosis, directly activates the pre-MPF complex. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (thermofisher.com)
  • Allosteric interactions of the Hsp90 with cochaperones and protein kinase clients can determine regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of many signaling proteins and cascades. (utoronto.ca)
  • There are distinct differences between CDK9/CycT1 and the cell cycle CDK CDK2/CycA manifested by a relative rotation of 26 degrees of CycT1 with respect to the CDK, showing for the first time plasticity in CDK cyclin interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The CDK9/CycT1 interface is relatively sparse but retains some core CDK-cyclin interactions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We tested interactions between Drosophila cyclins and a panel of hundreds of previously identified proteins. (fhcrc.org)
  • Cdk enzymatic activity is tightly controlled through cyclin interactions, posttranslational modifications, and binding of inhibitors such as the p27 tumor suppressor protein. (escholarship.org)
  • Protein conformation is critically linked to function and often controlled by interactions with regulatory factors. (cipsm.de)
  • We first construct a p21 regulatory network based on data from the literature and further expand it using algorithms that predict molecular interactions. (hindawi.com)
  • Our study offers a systems-based perspective on drug design and re-engineering of signaling networks by unravelling relationships between protein kinase networks with molecular chaperones and binding specificity of targeted kinase drugs. (utoronto.ca)
  • Drosophila Cdi4 is a p21/p27/p57-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with specificity for cyclin E complexes. (fhcrc.org)
  • Spy1 lacks the cyclin-binding site that mediates p27 and substrate affinity, explaining why Cdk-Spy1 is poorly inhibited by p27 and lacks specificity for substrates with cyclin-docking sites. (escholarship.org)
  • Protein drugs are increasingly important in drug development worldwide due their high specificity, potency, and low toxicity. (lu.se)
  • The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here DARPP-32 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), DARPP-32 into a powerful protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor. (pp1a.com)
  • Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G 1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G 1 , resulting in abrogation of G 1 , arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27 Kipl . (elsevierpure.com)
  • In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G1, resulting in abrogation of G1, arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27Kipl. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The anaphase promoter complex (APC) is a multiprotein complex - an ubiquitin E3 ubiquitin ligase - involved in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and in which we include the destruction of mitotic cyclins during the metaphase-anaphase transition. (fapesp.br)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. (genetex.com)
  • While Aurora A localizes to mitotic centrosomes and is required for centrosome growth and the development of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle, Aurora W is the catalytic core of the highly conserved genetic individual complex. (smadpathway.com)
  • Cyclin B1 is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin B1 contributes to the switch-like all or none behavior of the cell in deciding to commit to mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Before mitosis almost all cyclin B1 in the cell is located in the cytoplasm, but in late prophase it relocates to the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the end of mitosis, cyclin B1 is targeted for degradation by the APC through its APC localization sequence, permitting the cell to exit mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. (rockland.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells, mitosis is initiated following the activation of a protein kinase known variously as maturation-promoting factor, M phase specific histone kinase or M-phase kinase. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Subsequently, a different set of CDK/cyclin complexes triggers the phosphorylation of numerous proteins to promote the profound structural reorganizations that accompany the entry of cells into mitosis. (unibas.ch)
  • G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNB1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (fcgportal.org)
  • A G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B that is a translation product of the human CCNB1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. (proconsortium.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. (genetex.com)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • While RelA/p50 heterodimer is the predominantly form and plays a major regulatory role in mammalian cells, the RelB/p100 is also expressed and acts as the alterative pathway regulating its downstream gene expression [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • And the LEF / TCF family transcription factor, along with other proteins, binds to DNA and inhibits gene expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • 15 ] construct dynamic PPI networks and detect complex by exploiting gene expression data and PPI data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent effectors in gene regulatory networks where aberrant miRNA expression can contribute to human diseases such as cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • For a better understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in coordinating gene expression, we here present a systems biology approach combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments. (hindawi.com)
  • The systems biology approach, combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments, provides a systematic and comprehensive perspective on the regulatory roles of miRNAs in gene regulatory networks [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To investigate a gene regulatory network, an iterative process of four steps is needed. (hindawi.com)
  • In turn, these hypotheses, which provide reasonable explanations for the biological phenomenon, lead to an enhanced understanding of the gene regulatory network. (hindawi.com)
  • This study found an increase in excess GR transcriptional activity of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) in HEK-293 cells and a decrease in the expression levels of GR-responsive gene knockdown following PP1α model A549 cells endogenously . (pp1a.com)
  • We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The life of a gene product, from transcription to degradation, is controlled by a series of regulatory decisions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The overarching goal of understanding molecular principles underlying differentiation of protein kinase clients and chaperone-based modulation of kinase activity is fundamental to understanding activity of many tumor-inducing signaling proteins. (utoronto.ca)
  • Based on these findings, we developed a computational synthetic biology framework for design and re-engineering signal transduction networks and pathways that involve cross-talk between molecular chaperones and protein kinase clients. (utoronto.ca)
  • Our research, employing high-resolution immunofluorescence and data science approaches together with confirmatory molecular analysis, has identified that the 5'-cap-dependent protein translation regulatory complex eIF4F is a key factor in the development of HS and is responsible for regulating follicular hyperproliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Heat shock family of proteins (HSPs) is proposed to play pivotal role in breast tumor development owing to their intrinsic molecular chaperone properties [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the precursor protein of NFκB2 (p100) is thought to act as a tumor suppressor in mammalian cells, the molecular mechanism of its anti-tumor activity is far from clear. (oncotarget.com)
  • A protein complex consists of a group of proteins and multiple PPIs at the same time and place, forming single multi-molecular machinery [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm proposed by Bader and Hogue is the first time to exploit computational methods to identify complexes based on PPI networks [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is necessary to construct dynamic PPI networks for both identifing protein complexes and further understanding molecular systems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying the suppression of erythropoiesis by P. vivax are remarkably complex and remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The structure of AP24534 in complex with ABLT315I was determined by molecular replacement by AMoRe with the structure of indigenous ABL destined with imatinib. (smadpathway.com)
  • Although eIF4F and p-eIF4E are contiguous throughout HS lesions, Cyclin D1 and c-MYC have unique spatial localization and functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The keratin-filled crater of KA is formed by nuclear c-MYC-induced differentiation of epithelial cells, whereas the co-localization of c-MYC and Cyclin D1 provides oncogenic transformation by activating RAS, PI3K, and ERK pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, p100 suppressed the expression of PHLPP2 (PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases 2), thus promoting CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 and subsequently leading to miR-302d transcription. (oncotarget.com)
  • The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) (CDK9/cyclin T (CycT)) promotes mRNA transcriptional elongation through phosphorylation of elongation repressors and RNA polymerase II. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the present study, we have investigated the possible association of HSP70-2 mRNA and protein expression with various stages, grades and histotypes of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, p100 inhibited Cyclin D1 protein translation by activating the transcription of LARP7 and its hosted miR-302d, which could directly bind to 3′-UTR of cyclin d1 mRNA and inhibited its protein translation. (oncotarget.com)
  • At present, much research is focused on elucidating the links between CDK/cyclin complexes and signal transduction pathways controlling cell growth, differentiation and death. (unibas.ch)
  • The cell cycle is strictly regulated and controlled by a complex network of signaling pathways [ 1 ], comprised of hundreds of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cao L, Faha B, Dembski M, Tsai LH, Harlow E, Dyson N. Independent binding of the retinoblastoma protein and p107 to the transcription factor E2F. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Pentapeptide insertion mutagenesis of the Hoxa1 protein: mapping of transcription activation and DNA-binding regulatory domains. (nih.gov)
  • Faha B, Ewen ME, Tsai LH, Livingston DM, Harlow E. Interaction between human cyclin A and adenovirus E1A-associated p107 protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We used an interaction mating two-hybrid assay to identify connections within the cell cycle regulatory network in Drosophila. (fhcrc.org)
  • One of the connections we identified was the interaction between cyclin E and a novel Drosophila protein, Cdi4. (fhcrc.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that interaction mating assays using large informative panels of proteins can aid the analysis of regulatory networks by generating and constraining hypotheses that guide further work. (fhcrc.org)
  • Interaction between alfalfa mitotic cyclin (Medsa;CycB2;1) and a kinase partner has been reported previously. (bibbase.org)
  • Recently, researchers have tried to integrate various dynamic information with static protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to construct dynamic PPI networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the past decade, yeast two-hybrid, mass spectrometry and other high-throughput experimental have generated a mass of protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This occurs through specific modulation of regulatory proteins during the host-pathogen interaction, especially proteins with roles in pathogenesis [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that Cdi4 can inhibit cyclin E function both in a yeast assay and in vitro. (fhcrc.org)
  • In addition, 2DG can inhibit protein glycosylation and induce accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and constant apoptosis [36]. (city-made.com)
  • DARPP-32 can itself inhibit the following PKA DARPP-32 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). (pp1a.com)
  • Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. (genetex.com)
  • In contrast, the activation of disheveled (Dvl) protein, which breaks down the degradation complex, results in β-catenin dephosphorylation and can be transferred to the nucleus. (researchsquare.com)
  • Nuclear-dominant expression of cyclin B1 leads to poorer prognosis due to its weak activity compared to cytoplasmic cyclin B1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dispersed cytoplasmic proteins thus appear to mediate these essential piRNA pathway functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eukaryotes have evolved complex regulatory systems to ensure the cell cycle continues in a timely and appropriate way. (smadpathway.com)
  • In Drosophila, the PIWI protein Aub, DEAD box protein Vasa and helicase Armi localize to nuage granules and are required for ping-pong piRNA amplification and phased piRNA processing. (bvsalud.org)
  • however tyrosine phosphorylation was indicated in the case of Cdc2Ms A kinase and the p13suc1-bound kinase activity was increased by treatment of this complex with recombinant Drosophila Cdc25. (bibbase.org)
  • The kinase activity of this protein is controlled by cyclin accumulation and destruction through the cell cycle. (fcgportal.org)
  • Estrogens are important regulators of growth and differentiation in (range, 0 -9 fmol/mg protein, median 0.7). (lu.se)
  • The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)
  • CyclinE is a cell cycle regulatory protein which regulates the G1-S phase transition during cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)
  • abstract = "Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is activated by two regulatory proteins, Cdc20 and Cdh1. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We have determined crystal structures of the Cdk2-Spy1 and p27-Cdk2-Spy1 complexes that reveal how Spy1 activates Cdk. (escholarship.org)
  • Spy1/RINGO (Spy1) proteins bind and activate Cdk but are resistant to canonical regulatory mechanisms that establish cell-cycle checkpoints. (escholarship.org)
  • However, the regulatory mechanisms of HPV infection and consequent immune escape reaction, persistent infection and cell proliferation and the regulatory mechanisms of vascular proliferation are poorly understood and require additional investigation ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Currently, an increasing number of studies are being carried out to deepen our understanding of miRNA regulatory mechanisms and functions. (hindawi.com)
  • Although these regulatory modules are physicochemically distinct, they share an evolutionary plasticity that has facilitated a rapid growth of their use and resulted in their ubiquity in complex organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
  • Crystallization and Structural Determination of ABLT315I:AP24534 The kinase domain of murine ABLT315I was coexpressed with YopH protein tyrosine phosphatase in E. coli as described previously and purified in the clear presence of AP24534 to near homogeneity using metal affinity, Mono Q, and measurement exclusion chroma tography. (smadpathway.com)
  • It is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II. (caslab.com)
  • The active complex phosphorylates and activates 13S condensin, which helps to condense chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the diverse tumor-promoting roles of NFκB in cancer cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, are well established [ 3 - 9 ], much less is known about how p100, a precursor protein of NFκB2, acts as a tumor suppressor in many mammalian cells [ 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The nuclear envelope is a membranous structure containing large protein complexes supported by a network of nuclear lamins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorylation of cyclin B1 causes it to be imported to the nucleus, and phosphorylation also prevents export from the nucleus by blocking the nuclear export signal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wild-type p53 have been shown to suppress cyclin B1 expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous work has shown that high cyclin B1 expression levels are found in variety of cancers such as breast, cervical, gastric, colorectal, head and neck squamous cell, non-small-cell lung cancer, colon, prostate, oral and esophageal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we are, for the first time, to report that p100 protein expression was dramatically decreased in bladder cancers of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-treated mice and human patients. (oncotarget.com)