• CONCLUSIONS: Using transcriptome and histochemical analyses of the developing mouse and human ENS, we mapped expression patterns of transcription and signaling factors. (figshare.com)
  • E) The ratios of soxE expression patterns (χ2 test). (echinobase.org)
  • ISH of soxE and Vasa protein staining at the LG (D) and EPL stages (E). (F-I) Double staining of Vasa protein and ISH of pax6 , six1/2 , eya , and dach at the EPL stage. (echinobase.org)
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this research project is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms via which Group E Sox factors are regulated, and to understand how this regulation contributes to their ability to control numerous distinct developmental decisions in the neural crest and other tissues. (northwestern.edu)
  • We will use a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to further investigate the mechanisms via which SUMO modification alters SoxE function, as well as investigate how Wnt signals, SoxD factors, and specific SoxE functional domains contribute to the diverse functions of these factors. (northwestern.edu)
  • Transcription factors were grouped according to their specific expression in enteric progenitor cells (such as MEF2C), enteric neurons (such as SOX4), or neuron subpopulations (such as SATB1 and SOX6). (figshare.com)
  • Sex hormones and genes on the sex chromosomes are not only key factors in the regulation of sexual differentiation and reproduction but they are also deeply involved in brain homeostasis. (mdpi.com)
  • The foundation for this investigation has been laid by our studies demonstrating that SUMO modification of SoxE factors has a dramatic effect on their developmental function, switching them from promoters of neural crest formation to promoters of inner ear formation. (northwestern.edu)
  • We have built on these studies by demonstrating that SoxE factors are context dependent transcriptional regulators, and that SUMO modification converts them to repressors by facilitating the recruitment of groucho family co-repressors. (northwestern.edu)
  • Because SoxE factors specifically, and the neural crest more generally, underlie a large group of diseases and congenital defects, this work will also directly impact issues related to human health. (northwestern.edu)
  • Both the neural crest and defects in SoxE proteins are linked to a number of human diseases and congenital disorders, and elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating SoxE function is essential to understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders. (northwestern.edu)
  • Of the factors also analyzed in human ENS, most were conserved. (figshare.com)
  • The high mobility group transcription factor SOX9 is expressed in stem cells, progenitor cells, and differentiated cell-types in developing and mature organs. (nature.com)
  • SOX9 is a high mobility group (HMG) domain containing transcription factor necessary for establishing and maintaining pools of stem and progenitor cells, and is expressed in multiple cell types in developing and mature organs 5 . (nature.com)
  • Genetic mutations and environmental exposures are often presented as important, but independent, factors that contribute to the development of congenital heart and great vessel defects. (nature.com)
  • SOX2 , FOXZ , HSFY , FOXL2 and HES1 are hub transcription factors for gonadal development of Mulinia lateralis . (biomedcentral.com)