• Merlin was first discovered as a structural protein functioning as an actin cytoskeleton regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • Silibinin also showed a strong phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases but inhibited Akt phosphorylation and decreased survivin levels with an increase in cleaved caspase-3. (nih.gov)
  • AA and the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) blocker U0126 markedly inhibited migration, elevated smooth muscle 22 α (SM22 α ) expression, repressed VSMC proliferation, elevated miR-466f-3p and miR-425-3p expression, and suppressed miR-27a-5p and miR-128-5p expression in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • The migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs lead to vascular wall remodeling, which is mediated by activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • AICAR is an adenosine analog that selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (stemcell.com)
  • The signaling network of skeletal muscle cells is controlled by a variety of protein kinases. (omicsdi.org)
  • To gain further knowledge about the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-S6K and the RAF-MEK-ERK-RSK signaling networks in myotubes, we analyzed changes in protein phosphorylation levels upon pathway activation and direct kinase inhibition on a global scale. (omicsdi.org)
  • Various protein kinases are regulating the intracellular signaling network of skeletal muscle cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • To deepen our understanding of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-S6K and the RAF-MEK-ERK-RSK signaling network in myotubes, we globally analyzed changes in protein phosphorylation levels upon kinase inhibition within these pathways. (omicsdi.org)
  • Hormones and growth factors induce the activation of a number of protein kinases that belong to the AGC subfamily, including isoforms of PKA, protein kinase B (also known as Akt), PKC, S6K p70 (ribosomal S6 kinase), RSK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) and MSK (mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase), which then mediate many of the physiological processes that are regulated by these extracellular agonists. (omicsdi.org)
  • Here we describe the small molecule BI-D1870, which inhibits RSK1, RSK2, RSK3 and RSK4 in vitro with an IC(50) of 10-30 nM, but does not signi-ficantly inhibit ten other AGC kinase members and over 40 other protein kinases tested at 100-fold higher concentrations. (omicsdi.org)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate pathways mediated by serine-threonine kinases, such as the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)-Akt pathway, the Ras-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) pathway, and the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-p70 S6 pathway, that control important aspects of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. (omicsdi.org)
  • At the molecular level, pitavastatin induced expression of the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 in a cholesterol independent manner, blocked repressive phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein at CDK targeted sites, and reduced expression of E2F target genes required for progression through the G1/S boundary. (oncotarget.com)
  • Finally, IGF‑1R protein, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signaling pathway‑associated proteins and cyclin pathway‑associated proteins were differentially expressed between miR‑497‑overexpressing cells and miR-497-silenced cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as well as heterotrimeric G proteins are also involved in regulating neurite outgrowth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are three negative regulating proteins called retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and p21. (byui.edu)
  • Dr. Todd Strochlic's research interests include protein kinases, oncogenic signaling, breast cancer and Drosophila oogenesis. (drexel.edu)
  • Protein kinases are key regulators of signal transduction pathways that mediate cell growth, proliferation, and motility. (drexel.edu)
  • Most notably, protein kinases are frequently mutated in many human cancers and are often drivers of oncogenic signaling networks. (drexel.edu)
  • The work in Dr. Strochlic's lab is broadly centered on understanding certain protein kinase-mediated cell signaling pathways in the context of normal development and tumorigenesis. (drexel.edu)
  • The lab uses a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell biological approaches in both Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian cells to investigate the biology of several different protein kinases. (drexel.edu)
  • We have identified a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to the invadopodia to regulate sarcoma cell invasion via the molecule AFAP-1-like-1 (AFAP1L1), a new member of the AFAP (actin filament-associated protein) family. (nature.com)
  • To date, it is well known that lncRNAs participate in chromatin modifications and transcriptional and translational regulation of protein-encoding genes or regulate protein function and activity through specific binding [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • It disrupted the AR translational MID1 regulator complex leading to release of the associated AR mRNA and subsequently to downregulation of AR protein in AR positive cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to the tumour-suppressive function of PP2A acting as an antagonist of protein kinases this may be relevant for the anti-tumour effects of metformin [ 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore the p21 protein was shown previously to interact 67346-49-0 with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) thereby preventing DNA replication (10). (bio2009.org)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identified transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) as a vesicular acidification regulator. (nature.com)
  • In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
  • Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • It functions as a negative regulator of CELL PROLIFERATION and NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION and is commonly fused with cellular abl protein to form BCR-ABL FUSION PROTEINS in PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME positive LEUKEMIA patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was involved in this ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of PDCD4. (plos.org)
  • AFAP1L1 intersects several invadopodia pathway components through its multiple domains and motifs, including the following (i) pleckstrin homology domains that bind phospholipids generated at the plasma membrane by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, (ii) a direct filamentous-actin binding domain and (iii) phospho-tyrosine motifs (pY136 and pY566) that specifically bind Vav2 and Nck2 SH2 domains, respectively. (nature.com)
  • These data define a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to sarcoma cell invadopodia through specific recruitment of Vav2 and Nck2 to phosphorylated AFAP1L1, to control cell migration and invasion. (nature.com)
  • One potential novel pathway is via the Wnt ligand WNT4, a critical signaling molecule in mammary gland development regulated by the progesterone receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Further studies showed that UASR1 activated AKT and AKT-mediated mTOR signaling pathway to stimulate cell proliferation and growth. (jcancer.org)
  • Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
  • It has been reported that lung cancer cells exhibit upregulated expression of all key glycolytic enzymes [hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase (PK)] ( 13 ), suggesting that the essential enzymes of the aerobic glycolytic pathway have a critical role in the development of lung carcinoma. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) and pyruvate kinase (PK) are the three key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Merlin regulates multiple proliferative signalling cascades such as receptor tyrosine kinase signalling, p21-activated kinase signalling, Ras signalling, MEK-ERK cascade, MST-YAP cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and contains two extracellular α subunits (including the ligand-binding site) and two β subunits (with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity) ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Evidence suggests that nerve growth factor (NGF) induces neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by activating the receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NGF is a neurotrophic factor critical for the survival and maintenance of sympathetic and sensory neurons, and it binds to the high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkA, leading to its phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate in vivo molecular mechanisms of silibinin efficacy, tumors and uninvolved skin from tumor-bearing mice were examined immunohistochemically for proliferation, p53, apoptosis, and activated caspase-3. (nih.gov)
  • The miR-128-5p mimic promoted the migration and proliferation of VSMCs and suppressed p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression. (hindawi.com)
  • The inhibitor increased p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression and repressed the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • miR-128-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR-binding sequences of the p21 gene, negatively regulated p21 expression, and supported the proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • Our research showed that the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs were repressed by AA through inhibiting miR-128-5p by targeting the p21 gene, which may provide an effective option for the treatment of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Several studies have shown that miRNAs play multiple roles in the phenotypic transformation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation [ 11 , 12 ], partly by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-MMPs and p21-cyclins interactions [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Due to the pivotal role of PAK4 as key regulator in cancer cell signaling networks, we sought to specifically probe the role of PAK4 in regulating the colon malignancy cell metabolism and proliferation. (californiaehealth.org)
  • Results PAK4 promotes the production of cellular lipids and other metabolites It has been shown that PAK1 is usually a regulator of glucose metabolism.18, 19, 20 We hypothesized that PAK4, a representative of Group II, could also serve as an important regulator of glucose metabolism which in turn regulates tumor cell growth and proliferation. (californiaehealth.org)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • The role of miR‑497 in regulating the proliferation of HCC‑derived cells was also investigated in vitro and in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The ILC cell lines MDA-MB-134-VI, SUM44PE, and BCK4 were used to assess WNT4 gene expression and regulation, as well as the role of WNT4 in estrogen-regulated proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • In ILC and ILC-LTED cells, WNT4 led to suppression of CDKN1A/p21, which is critical for ILC cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Some lncRNAs affect the growth and development of breast cancer by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and others are involved in invasion and metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling cascade is a vital mediator of essential cellular activities including proliferation and survival [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • miR-128-5p targets the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and p21 genes, which are linked to the behaviours of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • BI-D1870 is a specific inhibitor of the p90 RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) isoforms in vitro and in vivo. (omicsdi.org)
  • However, the possible connection between these pathways and how they might ultimately converge to regulate the assembly and organization of MTs during neurite outgrowth is not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using ILC cell lines, we previously demonstrated that ER regulates a distinct gene expression program in ILC cells, and we hypothesized that these ER-driven pathways modulate the endocrine response in ILC. (nih.gov)
  • Activated TPKR could activate its downstream signaling elements, like Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/eIF4E, PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PLC-gamma/PKC pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
  • Proteins called cyclins and cylcin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are considered positive cell cycle regulators and act by phosphorylating other proteins. (byui.edu)
  • Transcription factors turn on specific genes allowing the production of proteins associated with the gene so if growth is going to continue the negative regulators must not be active. (byui.edu)
  • We found that LCH decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT kinase activities and related activating signaling proteins including pEGFR and pAKT. (biomolther.org)
  • HDACs form a family of enzymes that catalyze 67346-49-0 the removal of acetyl moieties from acetylated proteins including histones structural proteins or transcription factors (25 31 Together with their counterparts the histone acetyltransferases HDACs regulate the reversible acetylation of core histones and additional proteins. (bio2009.org)
  • LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A roughly similar number of proteins are recruited to activated Rac [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A serine-threonine kinase that contains a C2 DOMAIN and PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our current studies involving Paks demonstrate that Pak1 and Pak2 are critical regulators of cell motility by controlling the functioning of the cell leading edge. (sciencewatch.com)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • 1,000 human miRNAs have been identified that regulate ~1/3 of the coding genes in the human genome ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, whether miR-497 regulates other target genes in HCC is unknown. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The transcriptional activation from CACNA1F the p21 gene by these inhibitors is normally marketed by chromatin redecorating pursuing acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in the p21 promoter area (32 54 This activation of p21 takes place within a p53-unbiased fashion and for that reason HDAC inhibitors are appealing realtors for cancers therapy being that they are operative in cells with mutated p53 genes a hallmark of several tumors. (bio2009.org)
  • There is no longer a need for signals to activate these genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Among the various targets and verified regulated genes identified by microarray, we confirmed the downregulation of Integrin a5 in vitro and in vivo. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Akt-RSK-S6 kinase signaling networks activated by oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases. (omicsdi.org)
  • We developed a large-scale proteomic approach to identify more than 300 substrates of this kinase family in cancer cell lines driven by the c-Met, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha) RTKs. (omicsdi.org)
  • This dynamic oscillatory behavior is regulated by the activity of ECM receptor integrin β1, which determines the length of time a cell spends in each state. (biorxiv.org)
  • PKCε is usually referred to as an oncogenic kinase as it is involved in the regulation of mitogenesis, cellular invasion, and survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nucleophosmin (NPM) is known to regulate ARF subcellular localization and MDM2 activity in response to oncogenic stress, though the precise mechanism has remained elusive. (oncotarget.com)
  • miRNAs are recognized as important regulators of lipid metabolism, inflammatory mediators, and VSMC behaviours in the progression of AS [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • During PDA progression, pancreatic acinar cells lose activity of the ClassI/II bHLH factors that regulate quiescence. (oncotarget.com)
  • Positive regulating molecules help promote movement from one phase to another while negative regulators stop progression. (byui.edu)
  • Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
  • Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, and which plays a critical role in tumor progression in various malignancies. (researchsquare.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which act as key post-transcriptional regulators of target-gene expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition to its function as a transcriptional activator Sp1 offers been recently shown to act as a repressor by recruiting HDAC1 to the growth-regulated murine thymidine kinase gene (TK) promoter (11). (bio2009.org)
  • The tumor suppressor p53 directly interacts with Sp1 and may compete with the transcriptional repressor HDAC1 for binding to the C terminus of Sp1 leading to histone acetylation and concomitant manifestation of p21. (bio2009.org)
  • CDK8 is a positive regulator of transcriptional elongation within the serum response network. (colorado.edu)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. (kegg.jp)
  • Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. (kegg.jp)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
  • ILC and ILC-LTED cell lines were used to identify upstream regulators and downstream signaling effectors of WNT4 signaling. (nih.gov)
  • We focus on six 'core' effectors that operate in almost all these species - members of the Pak, WASP/WAVE, formin, lipid-kinase, IQGAP and NADPH oxidase families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many, but not all, of these effectors contain a conserved 18 amino-acid binding motif that has been termed CRIB (Cdc42-Rac interactive binding), PBD (p21-binding domain) or GBD (GTPase-binding domain) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p21 has been recognized by virtue of its activation by p53 (13) its association with cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes (23 66 and its up-regulation during senescence (47). (bio2009.org)
  • Activation of p53 efficiently counteracts deacetylase-mediated repression and induces cell cycle arrest by activating the p21 gene. (bio2009.org)
  • Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • In this review, we summarize the evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of CKD and discuss current understanding of the mechanism and regulators controlling senescence. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also show that ARF promotes p53 mutant stability in tumors and suppresses p73 mediated p21 expression and senescence. (oncotarget.com)
  • AMPK regulates lipid and glucose metabolism to maintain cellular energy homeostasis (Hardie and Carling). (stemcell.com)
  • This reduces the ATP/AMP ratio, which in turn activates AMPK and inhibits gene expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes and fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase activity thereby terminating gluconeogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations, amplification and deletions of the upstream regulators of AKT are among the most frequent somatic events in cancer [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Induction of p21 expression by genotoxic stress and its role during terminal differentiation of various cell types have been investigated intensively. (bio2009.org)
  • While p21 is usually activated by p53-dependent mechanisms in response to DNA damage to make sure cell cycle arrest and repair a number of realtors that promote differentiation like phorbol ester 67346-49-0 or okadaic acidity can up-regulate p21 separately of p53 (for an assessment see reference point 16). (bio2009.org)
  • Based on the phosphoproteomics data, we further examined target relationships of the basophilic kinases AKT, RSK and S6K, which share the substrate recognition motif RxRxxp[ST]. (omicsdi.org)
  • The phosphoproteomics data were used to define potential targets of the kinases AKT, RSK and S6K, which share the substrate recognition motif RxRxxp[ST]. (omicsdi.org)
  • It can be difficult to assess the individual functions of each AGC kinase because their substrate specificities are similar. (omicsdi.org)
  • Molecules that help regulate the cell cycle can be categorized into two groups: positive and negative regulators. (byui.edu)
  • Cyclins are activated in a very predictable manner throughout the cell cycle. (byui.edu)
  • As the levels of p53 increase, p21 becomes triggered which reinforces the stopping of the cell cycle by inhibiting cyclin/Cdk complexes. (byui.edu)
  • effects the main target for p53-induced cell cycle arrest seems to be the p21 gene. (bio2009.org)
  • Although many kinases are known players, their downstream targets are still largely unexplored. (omicsdi.org)
  • Despite that many of the involved kinases are known, their downstream targets have remained largely unexplored. (omicsdi.org)
  • Ack kinase regulates CTP synthase filaments during Drosophila oogenesis. (drexel.edu)
  • The 3′UTR-binding sequence site of miR-128-5p on the p21 gene was predicted and assessed by luciferase assays. (hindawi.com)
  • Luciferase reporter constructs driven by the human being p21 promoter were previously. (bio2009.org)
  • Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
  • Recently several reports showed the induction of p21 by inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) such as for example sodium butyrate (46) trichostatin A (TSA) (56) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acidity (51) oxamflatin (32) MS-27-275 (52) apicidin (22) and trapoxin (54). (bio2009.org)
  • Moreover, these long noncoding RNAs were transcriptionally regulated by epigenetic modification, including DNA methylation and histone methylation modification. (cancerindex.org)