• Cytokinin cause a rapid increase in the expression of response regulator genes Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones that promote cell division in plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins act in a restricted region of the root meristem, and their signaling and regulation of genes occurs through a multi-step phosphorelay mediate by cytokinin histidine sensor kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and cytokinin response regulator proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
  • Increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, and CAT) and upregulation of ROS pathway genes (CAT, APX, GR, and DHAR) were observed in PGPR inoculated okra plants under salinity stress. (hindawi.com)
  • Plants respond to various stimuli under abiotic or biotic stress condition and express certain genes either structural or regulatory genes which maintain the plant integrity. (scielo.br)
  • Furthermore, monitoring QS signaling gene expression revealed that AHL synthases LasI/RhlI and QS transcriptional regulators LasR/RhlR genes were inhibited and antagonized, respectively, by cerPAC. (nature.com)
  • The SRDX domain act as a dominant negative regulator to suppress WRKY75 target genes. (helsinki.fi)
  • The expression of genes encoded within the T-DNA promotes the development and production of roots at the site of infection on most dicotyledonous plants. (bioone.org)
  • We used a chemical genetics approach to identify SIR1, a regulator of many auxin-inducible genes. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The research on phytoplasmas presents spectacular examples of how single genes can turn parasites into excellent puppeteers of other organisms and take control of the surrounding environments: this cauldron of curious science may contain a cure for major diseases of plants and humans. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The MUTE gene encodes instructions for a cellular protein that can control the "on" or "off" state of other plant genes. (washington.edu)
  • They discovered that many of the activated genes control cell division - a process that is critical for stomatal development. (washington.edu)
  • Unlike other plants, the genes encoding enzymes CDPS, KS and KO were reported to be present in duplicate functional forms in Stevia . (scialert.net)
  • Network analysis pinpointed several well-known flowering-related genes such as ELF , COL1 , FLT , and FPF1 and also some putative TFs like MYB, WRKY, GATA, and MADS-box that are important regulators of flowering in spinach and could be potential targets for lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By determining overrepresented transcription factor binding regions in the promoters of differentially expressed genes, we identified candidate tissue-specific transcriptional regulators. (bvsalud.org)
  • Correspondingly, the WUSCHEL and CLAVATA3 genes represent a core in the Shoot Apical Meristem regulation for plants. (lu.se)
  • The cytokinin signaling pathway consists of sensor kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histidine phosphotransfer proteins transfer the phosphate in the multistep phosphorelay signaling pathway from cytokinin sensor kinases to their final target, cytokinin response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin response regulators proteins are the final target of the two-step phosphorelay. (wikipedia.org)
  • WUS/WOX family proteins are evolutionarily and functionally conserved throughout the plant kingdom and emerge as key actors in the specification and maintenance of stem cells within all meristems. (caltech.edu)
  • RGA and GAI belong to the DELLA subfamily within the GRAS family of plant regulatory proteins. (nih.gov)
  • As a largest plant-specific transcription factor family, NAC domain proteins play an important role in plant development and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, NAC domain proteins have become a popular research topic for different plant species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Researchers have utilized this tool to study root development and root-biotic interactions, to overexpress proteins and secondary metabolites, to detoxify environmental pollutants, and to increase drought tolerance. (bioone.org)
  • His lab focuses in particular on the LEAFY and ULTRAPETALA1 proteins and uses the development of flowers as a model process to address general questions such as the interplay between transcription factors (TF) and chromatin remodeling proteins, the modeling of sequence specific DNA recognition by TF or the evolution of regulatory networks. (helsinki.fi)
  • Molecular docking studies suggest that cranberry-derived proanthocyanidin binds to QS transcriptional regulators, mainly interacting with their ligand binding sites. (nature.com)
  • Abiotic stress is the key cause of crop hammering globally, reducing average yields of most of the major crop plants. (scielo.br)
  • Under the influence of abiotic stress plant change their molecular and physiological fine tuning and try to cope up and maintain the molecular and physiological disturbance which obtained from stress environment. (scielo.br)
  • However, rga and gai in combination cannot rescue seed germination or floral development in ga1-3. (nih.gov)
  • PGPR inoculated okra plants exhibited higher germination percentage, growth parameters, and chlorophyll content than control plants. (hindawi.com)
  • 2008) specifically regarding in vitro germination of the caryopses and plant regeneration from nodal segments of both the germinated seedlings and tissue-cultured clone plants [4]. (scirp.org)
  • The cotyledons eventually form the first green leaves and contain stored food that supplies energy for germination and early development. (ufl.edu)
  • From times till date, studies have well documented the multifarious important functions of carbon source sucrose during plant development from their germination to maturity. (scialert.net)
  • FILE - The Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant is seen on June 1, 2023, in Avila Beach, Calif. A California judge on Thursday, Aug. 24, is rejecting an environmental group's lawsuit that sought to block the state's largest utility from seeking to extend the operating life of the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant. (ktsm.com)
  • Plant stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem are necessary for postembryonic development of aboveground tissues and roots, respectively, while secondary vascular stem cells sustain vascular development. (caltech.edu)
  • Prodigy, a Canadian company "specializing in the development of transportable nuclear power plants," and NuScale signed a memorandum of understanding in 2018 agreeing to pursue the development of an SMR marine facility. (ans.org)
  • The response regulators can then serve as positive or negative regulators of the signaling mechanism and affect gene expression within the plant cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators serve as negative regulators for cytokinin signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators can act as negative regulators of cytokinin signaling by either competing with type-B positive regulators or by regulating the pathway through direct and indirect interactions with other pathway mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant growth regulators are synthetic compounds that influence plant growth and development and can increase growth, yield, and nutritive value of food crops. (unl.edu)
  • Synthetic chemistry allows for the development of efficient methods to produce pharmaceuticals on a large scale, reducing costs and improving accessibility. (popherald.com)
  • Plant growth regulators are natural and synthetic hormones, and it is critical that application timing takes place to enhance those interactions and not interfere. (agfax.com)
  • Development of a synthetic PCB mixture resembling the average polychlorinated biphenyl profile in Chicago air. (who.int)
  • It was concluded that all the indicated positive changes under the action of growth regulators in the physiological parameters of the eggplant plants photosynthetic apparatus contribute to the fuller realization of their productivity potential. (org.ua)
  • Thus, we established the landscape of components and parameters for physiological processes potentially linked to cell elongation, a central process in plant development. (elifesciences.org)
  • Leaf senescence is a developmental and physiological phase in plants to end leaf development. (helsinki.fi)
  • There is limited information on the early floral development and the use of PGRs on return bloom of pears, thus, the objective of this research was to determine the time of visible transition from vegetative to floral meristem and investigate the effect of various PGRs on return bloom of pears. (ishs.org)
  • Cytokinins control the differentiation of meristem cells in plant development, particularly in shoots and roots where plants undergo growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The higher endogenous sucrose content in 5% sucrose treated plants than that in 3 or 1% treated plants suggested the uptake of exogenously available sucrose by plants. (scialert.net)
  • CDPS, KS, KO, UGT85C2 and UGT76G1 in 5% sucrose treated plants compared to that in 1 and 3% treated plants. (scialert.net)
  • Furthermore, the quantitative estimation of steviol glycosides in leaves revealed that approximately 4.5 times higher glycosides accumulated in 5% sucrose treated plants than that in 3 and 1% treated plants. (scialert.net)
  • In addition, sucrose also acts as gene regulator ( Koch, 1996 ). (scialert.net)
  • An interesting fact regarding sucrose responsiveness is that a specific concentration of sucrose is a necessity for plant growth and survival and at the same time mere increase or decrease from the normal concentration produces adverse results. (scialert.net)
  • ACC deaminase-containing PGPR can reduce the deleterious effects of environmental stress and can enhance stress tolerance of plants by a variety of mechanisms such as the synthesis of phytohormones, mineral solubilization, nutrient uptake, increased leaf area, increased chlorophyll and soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Promotes the growth of the plant, by the action of the phytohormones of the extract of marat. (proinpa.org)
  • Some phytohormones such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid play a key function in cell death in plants. (helsinki.fi)
  • Effects of growth regulators on morphogenesis, development and function of the photosynthetic apparatus of eggplant ( Solanum melongena L. (org.ua)
  • Growth stimulators and EW-250 increased the number of leaves on the plant, the weight of fresh and dry leaf matter, while ССС-750 and 2-CEPA decreased them. (org.ua)
  • All studied growth stimulants increased the total leaf area of plant and anti-gibberellins decreased it. (org.ua)
  • The okra plant is sensitive to salinity especially in the early stage of its growth [ 7 ] where salinity affects water and nutrient uptake of the plant, and ionic stress reduces leaf expansion. (hindawi.com)
  • Three key indicators help categorize a plant almost definitively as a broadleaf, rather than a grass, rush, or sedge: a square stem, a non-linear leaf shape, or a non-fibrous root system. (ncsu.edu)
  • First emerged leaf of a grass plant. (ncsu.edu)
  • High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
  • Cultivar selection, planting dates, excessive nitrogen and excessive irrigation are all factors that come into play with lodging. (agfax.com)
  • Management of cotton requires an understanding of the growth habit and responses of the plant to the environment and to the management practice used. (ufl.edu)
  • WRKY75 which belong to WRKY transcription factors has shown multiple functions in plant development like regulation of Pi starvation responses and root development and flowering. (helsinki.fi)
  • The hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Zieslin, N. (1996) Influence of Climatic and Socio-Economical Factors on Mode of Cultivation and Research of Rose Plants. (scirp.org)
  • fiber and seed development requires an additional 28-35 days (NCC 1996). (ufl.edu)
  • Researchers have uncovered the intricate molecular mechanism used by parasitic phytoplasma bacteria, known for inducing 'zombie-like' effects in plants. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Genome-wide gene expression maps with a high spatial resolution have substantially accelerated plant molecular science. (bvsalud.org)
  • There is very little molecular homology between mammals and plants for these core regulators. (lu.se)
  • Polytene chromosomes are structures found in highly specialized tissues in some animal and plant species, which are amplified through successive cycles of endoreduplication, finally producing several copies of each chromosome. (scielo.br)
  • In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)
  • Moreover, we demonstrate that information about gene expression in a broad range of mature plant tissues can be established at high spatial resolution by nuclear mRNA profiling. (bvsalud.org)
  • American Journal of Plant Sciences , 11 , 262-275. (scirp.org)
  • American Journal of Plant Sciences , 6 , 659-665. (scirp.org)
  • Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 10: 401-407. (scialert.net)
  • On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)
  • Research areas Through programs spanning genetics, biology, and therapeutic development, Broad researchers are making discoveries that drive biomedical science forward. (broadinstitute.org)
  • It was shown that treatment with growth stimulants: 1-naphthylacetic acid (1-NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) increased the linear growth of plants while gibberellin inhibitors: chlormequat chloride (ССС-750), tebuconazole (EW-250) and esphon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, 2-CEPA) decreased it. (org.ua)
  • The number of plants of this species is continuously decreasing in nature because of cutting the plants and removing underground organs. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • One major limitation associated with existing protocols when used on economically important citrus species is likely low plant regeneration frequencies. (springer.com)
  • Bamboo plants that belong to the Poaceae family, which contains more than 1500 species, have been exploited for a range of uses, such as food, medicine, charcoal products, and housing materials, especially in Asia [1] [2]. (scirp.org)
  • Natural bioactive compounds derived from plant species show promising therapeutic properties to combat the emerging resistance in microbial pathogens, which can be exploited as next generation anti-infective drugs. (nature.com)
  • The research conducted by the Hogenhout group focuses on the interactions among plants, pathogens and insects and has generated unique insights into the fascinating world of plant defence and immunity. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Vachon G, Engelhorn J and Carles CC. Interactions between transcription factors and chromatin regulators in the control of flower development. (helsinki.fi)
  • These findings establish a new framework for the control of stem cell production during plant development. (caltech.edu)
  • While no effective HLB control methods or HLB resistance citrus cultivars have been commercialized, transgenic plant technologies have been recognized as a powerful tool to control the HLB disease. (springer.com)
  • These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of action of a cerPAC to restrict the virulence of P. aeruginosa and can have implications in the development of alternative approaches to control infections. (nature.com)
  • Growth regulators are used for height control for better in-season and harvest management. (ufl.edu)
  • Chemical synthesis aids in the creation of plant growth regulators that control the growth, development, and metabolism of crops, optimizing agricultural practices. (popherald.com)
  • The thought is the plant growth regulators would control the height and the strength of the stalk, which can be regulated by the hormones. (agfax.com)
  • The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to increase flower formation in apples has been extensively used, however, the results are not always satisfactory, probably because of varietal differences and excessive crop load during flower induction and differentiation. (ishs.org)
  • Research in the past has shown that a class of plant growth regulators known collectively as substituted tertiary amines have the potential to increase crop productivity, photosynthetic efficiency, and overall plant vigor. (unl.edu)
  • Soil salinity is a major problem in agriculture that limits plant growth and causes significant loss of crop productivity worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Saline water reduces the transpiration rate of plants by disrupting the evapotranspiration system thus reducing crop yield [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The world is facing global warming due to urbanizations and industrialization and in this concerns plants exposed continuously to abiotic stresses which is a major cause of crop hammering every year. (scielo.br)
  • Drought and salinity stress severally affected in similar manner to plant and the leading cause of reduction in crop yield. (scielo.br)
  • Plant/ crop productivity effected by the environmental strains such as water deficit condition (drought), Low temperature (cold), salt and High temperature (heat) these stresses disturb the signal transduction of gene regulatory systems of plants. (scielo.br)
  • In addition, combined with the EnergyTop inoculant, it perfects its nutrition and development properties for the plants in your crop. (proinpa.org)
  • The construction schedule will make the plant operational before the end of 2021, Halter said. (arkansasonline.com)
  • In 2021, our sustainability efforts sent more than 80 percent of waste from the Genomics Platform to either a recycling facility or to an incineration plant that generates electricity. (broadinstitute.org)
  • According to Penn, NRG officials maintain that older plant retirements by 2021 make replacement imperative to build up now. (cleantechnica.com)
  • A cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein is a plant protein that is involved in a two step cytokinin signaling and response regulation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type B cytokinin response regulators are the positive regulators that oppose the negative regulation of type A cytokinin response regulators in the two-component cytokinin signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we focus on functional homologies by performing a comparison between the circuitry connecting these players in plants and animals and find striking similarities, suggesting that comparable regulatory logics have been evolved for stem cell regulation in both kingdoms. (lu.se)
  • Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. (mdpi.com)
  • This plant grows at altitudes between 1750-2100 m in Euxino-Hyrcanian province and it is under surveillance of Iranian Regional Environmental Protection Agency ( Jalili and Jamzad, 1999 ). (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • Plants are being sessile in nature it can't move from one place to other places and contentiously exposed by extensive array of environmental stresses like as water deficit condition (drought), low temperature (cold), salt and high temperature (heat) etc. (scielo.br)
  • LOS ANGELES (AP) - Environmental groups called on federal regulators Thursday to immediately shut down one of two reactors at California's last nuclear power plant until tests can be conducted on critical machinery they believe could fail and cause a catastrophe. (ktsm.com)
  • Several modifications of this editing system have been established for adoption in a variety of plants, as well as for its improved efficiency and portability, bringing new opportunities for the development of transgene-free improved varieties of economically important crops. (mdpi.com)
  • Chemical synthesis enables the development of effective pesticides and herbicides to protect crops from pests and weeds, ensuring higher agricultural yields. (popherald.com)
  • It's important that we understand the plant defence and immune system so that we can engineer durable resistance of crops to phytoplasmas and their insect vectors. (jic.ac.uk)
  • In the end, Bell said, plant growth regulators in this region might have more application in other crops such as triticale and barley, both of which are more prone to lodging. (agfax.com)
  • Cytokinin causes the rapid induction of type A response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we characterized plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and examined their effect on salinity stress tolerance in okra through the induction of ROS-scavenging enzyme activity. (hindawi.com)
  • Micropropagation and induction of autotetraploid plants of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev. (bioone.org)
  • I also had to collaborate with researchers from the Center for Energy Research and Development, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. (lu.se)
  • The phosphate is then transferred to a histidine phosphotransfer protein which then phosphorylates a response regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • When inside a plant this protein causes key growth regulators to be broken down, triggering abnormal growth. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The plutonium concentration in plants ranged from uncontaminated to 30 times the ambient level in Spain. (cdc.gov)
  • Research from the Hogenhout group at the John Innes Centre and collaborators has identified a manipulation molecule produced by phytoplasma bacteria to hijack plant development. (jic.ac.uk)
  • This thesis was written during my internship with the UNEP-Risø Centre for Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development in Roskilde, Denmark. (lu.se)
  • The company 'Agrobiotech' is engaged in research and development of stimulants and plant growth regulators. (engre.co)
  • This research has in part been facilitated by development of conifer somatic embryogenic protocols. (gc.ca)
  • During seed maturation, reserve deposition and the effect of plant growth regulators and osmoticum on embryo development are active areas of research. (gc.ca)
  • Even for generic drugs, some research and development is necessary for the manufacture of high-quality products, and the expenses and time incurred are often underestimated. (who.int)
  • UPMR18 could be an effective bioresource for enhancing salt tolerance and growth of okra plants under salinity stress. (hindawi.com)
  • The goal of this study is to determine how the seed treatment with 2-(N-methylbenzylaminoethyl)-3-methylbutanoate (BMVE) affects plant growth and productivity. (unl.edu)
  • However, the development of cultivars to increase spinach production is positively related to other morphological traits such as plant height and bolting, induced by long-day exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • production of plant growth stimulants of a wide spectrum of action including biotechnological cultivation of epiphytic fungi from the root system of medicinal plants. (engre.co)
  • To link the effect of BMVE with plant phenotype, precise temporal changes in wheat growth were measured by using high-throughput phenotyping in a controlled environment. (unl.edu)
  • Plant growth regulators are nothing new for cotton farmers, but they are of recent interest to some wheat producers who are questioning their efficiency and economics, said Dr. Jourdan Bell, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service agronomist in Amarillo. (agfax.com)
  • Bell, speaking at the recent Focus on Wheat meeting during the Amarillo Farm and Ranch Show, said plant growth regulators have been used on wheat in Europe for some time. (agfax.com)
  • There was some interest in the High Plains on plant growth regulators in wheat production in the early 80's, but due to production limitations, producer interest quickly faded, she said. (agfax.com)
  • Producers question whether plant growth regulators have a place on the High Plains for wheat. (agfax.com)
  • Development of a sensitive monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of paclobutrazol residue in wheat kernel. (cdc.gov)
  • This study was designed to increase the rooting percentage of cuttings by applying plant growth regulators (PGRs) with different levels. (scirp.org)
  • Healthy similar sized cutting of R. centifolia was treated in solution of PGRs by quick dip method and planted in polythene bags. (scirp.org)
  • In the most recent and striking development, California's massive 262-megawatt Puente gas power plant proposal has been shelved, perhaps permanently. (cleantechnica.com)
  • PBF says if the proposal is approved, it will be forced to shut down its Martinez plant, which it purchased from Shell early last year. (kqed.org)
  • The commissioners' recommendation followed Los Angeles Times investigations that showed the state has overbuilt the electricity system, primarily with natural gas plants, and has so much clean energy that it has to shut down some plants while paying other states to take the power California can't use. (cleantechnica.com)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators are also likely involved in other processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also needs sufficient human resources with specialist knowledge, such as experts in pharmaceutical development, quality assurance and regulatory processes. (who.int)
  • Functional Plant Biology 39: 553-559. (edu.au)
  • The type-B cytokinin response regulator family consists of two subfamilies and one major subfamily. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins participate in short and long-distance signaling and are transported for this signaling through the xylem of plants. (wikipedia.org)