Regulators inhibitor cell cycle checkpoint gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), a cell cycle checkpoint regulator gene, codes for a kinase protein activated in response to radiation and other agents that cause breaks in the DNA. (termedia.pl)
Background: The product of this gene is an essential upstream regulator of checkpoint kinase 1 and triggers a checkpoint arrest of the cell cycle in response to replicative stress or DNA damage. (idhinhibitor.com)
Probably the most abundant viral transcripts in latency will be the U RNAs, which are selelck kinase inhibitor transcribed by DNA poly merase III and reach copy numbers of as much as two 104 copies per cell even though they aren't vital for transformation. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Forced expression of NBPF1 in HEK293T cells resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 CIP1/WAF1 in a p53-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, a major regulator of metabolism is phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). (hindawi.com)
This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
When the inhibitor Rho kinase (Y27632, small GTPase), a regulator of actin polymerization, was tested, encystment of was blocked [39]. (globaltechbiz.com)
BRAF is a protein kinase and part of the MAP kinase signalling cascade which involves transduction of a growth signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a chain of protein kinases and is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. (hindawi.com)
The zinc finger domain of Tzfp binds to the tbs motif located at the upstream flanking region of the Aie1 (aurora-C) kinase gene. (lookformedical.com)
Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)
Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)
A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

Deletion or mutation of genes coding for Ku70 or Ku80 proteins results in a highly radiosensitive phenotype [10]. (termedia.pl)
The defining biochemical feature of this checkpoint is the stimulation of the anaphase-promoting complex by M-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which in turn causes the proteolytic destruction of cyclins and proteins that hold the sister chromatids together. (wikipedia.org)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CAR T cells generated from healthy donors showed a higher percentage of memory CD8+ T cells and lower expression of immune checkpoint proteins than those generated from patients with relapsed disease, suggesting that allogenic CAR T cells may be more cytotoxic. (liangyihui.net)
Of particular interest to our group are the mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins and other factors regulate programmed cell death, particularly in the nervous system, in cancer and in virus infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We have reported that many insults can trigger cells to activate a cellular death pathway (Nature, 361:739-742, 1993), that several viruses encode proteins to block attempted cell suicide (Proc. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We have shown that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins can be converted into killer molecules (Science 278:1966-8, 1997), that Bcl-2 family proteins interact with regulators of caspases and regulators of cell cycle check point activation (Molecular Cell 6:31-40, 2000). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
These genes produce proteins that normally keep the immune system in check, preventing T-cells, a type of immune cell, from indiscriminately attacking other cells. (bcm.edu)
Loss of proteostasis , the inability of cells to maintain the levels of proteins and enzymes needed for a cell to function correctly. (foundmyfitness.com)
05. Between the 69 ejaculated proteins, 68 may very well be linked to Gene Ontology data. (smadpathway.com)
2nd, we qualitatively examined genes to search for commonality of function amid proteins with high NSAF. (smadpathway.com)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

It is also involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [17]. (termedia.pl)
Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, these DEGs were enriched with a broad spectrum of biological processes and pathways, including those associated with antioxidants, apoptosis, chaperones, immunity and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
In this area, our recent research has included studying cutaneous shave biopsies for diagnosing primary colonic adenocarcinoma as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis in human brain tumor cell lines using selenium. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In the later generations, when telomeres are short, cells die via apoptosis or senescence. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Apoptosis and other forms of cell death are required for trimming excess, expired and damaged cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Weighed against its homologs Plk1 (and its own connected signaling pathway) offers attracted much interest because overexpression of Plk1 can be firmly correlated with carcinogenesis (10 11 Furthermore inhibition of Plk1 using RNA disturbance (RNAi) or particular little molecule inhibitors causes development arrest or apoptosis in tumor cells (12-14). (biospraysehatalami.com)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
Beginning after completion of hair morphogenesis (postnatal day 14 in the mouse), hair growth cycles commence with catagen, an involution process of the hair follicle during which the majority of its epithelial compartments undergo apoptosis [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
Alan Eastman mostly deals with Apoptosis, Molecular biology, Cell cycle, Programmed cell death and Biochemistry. (research.com)
His Apoptosis study integrates concerns from other disciplines, such as Intracellular pH, Intracellular and Chinese hamster ovary cell. (research.com)
Activation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by cisplatin, other anticancer drugs, toxins and hyperthermia. (research.com)
Alan Eastman focuses on Apoptosis, Cancer research, Molecular biology, Cell biology and DNA damage. (research.com)
The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)
On the other hand, extreme levels of CIN could lead to decreased cell fitness or apoptosis [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
OKN-007 decreases tumor necrosis and tumor cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in a preclinical F98 rat glioma model. (omrf.org)
Duan H, Li Y, Lim HY, Wang W. Identification of 5-nitrofuran-2-amide derivatives that induce apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells by activating C/EBP-homologous protein expression. (omrf.org)
The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Prezygotic transcripts included multiple regulators that are most likely involved in developmental processes that take place long after fertilization, such as components of ErbB, hedgehog, notch, retinoid, TGFb, VEGF and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as transcripts involved in the development of nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)
Our data uncover novel details about the differential contribution of B2 vs four integrins within the composite phenotype of chronic asthma development and contribute towards the understanding of mechanisms by which different cell subsets and molecular pathways participate in the pathophysiology and histopathology of chronic asthma. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
In this study, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on a well-studied HNSCC cohort (n = 36) and investigated the methylation changes between fine-scaled HNSCC subtypes in relation to genomic instability, repetitive elements, gene expression, and key carcinogenic pathways. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, many genetically programmed cell suicide pathways have evolved to promote long-term survival of species from yeast to humans. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
Some genes, such as RELA and GADD45B , were predicted to extensively involve these critical pathways, indicating their potential functions in OA mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, this study identified the significant modules, signaling pathways, and hub genes relevant to OA and highlighted the potential clinical value of anisomycin and MG-262 as novel therapies in OA management. (frontiersin.org)
This finding is important because we know that immune checkpoint pathways can be manipulated with drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors," Anurag said. (bcm.edu)
[3] Cellular checkpoints and DNA damage-response pathways help preserve genomic stability and cell-cycle progression, but these processes decline with aging. (foundmyfitness.com)
P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
Alternatively, dasatinib may possibly not be capable of mitigating non apoptotic pathways of motor neuron degeneration caused by mutant SOD1, because non apoptotic programmed cell death has also been implicated in motor neuron harm in G93A mice. (smadpathway.com)
Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
In all tissues, detected DMRs were preferentially found at genomic regions associated with gene expression regulation (e.g. (bvsalud.org)
Taken together these findings provide insights into the regulation of Plk1 during cell division and diapause cyst formation and the correlation between the activity of Plk1 and RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China. (thno.org)
In our recent study we found that circadian clock genes play a role in regulation of the hair growth cycle during synchronized hair follicle cycling, uncovering an unexpected connection between these two timing systems within skin. (aging-us.com)
It is interesting to study the initiation and regulation of differentiation in cells having no G1 phase, Mouse monoclonal to Ractopamine as typically, cell differentiation occurs from your G1 phase of the cell cycle. (globaltechbiz.com)
Taken together, our results indicate that Tzfp recognizes a sequence-specific motif (tbs) and may play a role in the regulation of the genes carrying the tbs. (lookformedical.com)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)

Consistent with their characteristics, KRT and HPV-negative tumors had high regulatory potential for multiple regulators of keratinocyte differentiation, which positively correlated with an expression-based keratinization score. (bvsalud.org)
A key determinant of the immune system's efficacy against diseases and tumors is the diversity of B-cell and T-cell receptors, which is most pronounced in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the receptors. (liangyihui.net)
Tumor xenograft data from Balb/c nude mice demonstrated that HCC cells with high NEK2 expression formed larger tumors than those with low NEK2 expression. (oncotarget.com)
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)
We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)
tumors were analyzed by mass cytometry using markers to detect T cells and other lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)
Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)
With this type of analysis they looked to identify genes, among the 20,000 in the genome, that were more active in tumors resistant to endocrine therapy, when compared to tumors susceptible to the treatment. (bcm.edu)
They found that genes that were most commonly actively expressed in resistant tumors were immune checkpoint genes, which are regulators of the immune system. (bcm.edu)
Comprehensive genomic tumor profiling helps to detect clinically relevant mutations in cancer-associated genes of solid tumors and provides valuable information for selecting the most efficient treatment for each patient. (cegat.com)
Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)

A spectacular example of this approach to treatment of breast cancer is application of a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, such as olaparib, to patients with germline BRCA1 mutations [4, 5]. (termedia.pl)
Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mutations and gene amplifications that confer drug resistance emerge frequently during chemotherapy, but their mechanism and timing are poorly understood. (babraham.ac.uk)
Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the chromosomes lead to mutations that may be passed forward to every new cell produced from an abnormal cell. (openstax.org)
Telomere attrition , the shortening of the protective caps on the end of DNA that happens as cells divide over time, leaving DNA more vulnerable to mutations. (foundmyfitness.com)
Genomic instability refers to an increased tendency for genetic alterations, such as mutations and chromosome rearrangements, to occur over time during cell division. (foundmyfitness.com)
Defects in processes that modulate cell division, such as mutations in genes that participate in DNA repair, uncorrected errors during replication, or broken, missing, rearranged, or extra chromosomes, are the principal drivers of genomic instability. (foundmyfitness.com)
For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)

Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable. (openstax.org)
Interestingly, a large fraction of the genome, more than six thousand genes, exhibits changes in expression that correlates with the progression of the hair growth cycle, thus underscoring the complexity of this process [ 4 , 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
Variations in these genes are known to significantly impact tumor pathogenesis, progression, and metastasis. (cegat.com)
This pathway describes progression of a serrated precursor lesion, often followed by the onset of epigenetic instability involving promoter methylation and silencing of key tumour suppressor genes, and accounts for 15%-20% of sporadic colorectal cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

In line with this, we observed myeloid differentiation upon visual inspection (Supplementary Fig. 3A ) and upregulation of the myeloid markers CD86 and CD11b after 3 days of LSD1 inhibitor treatment (Supplementary Fig. 3B ). (nature.com)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Like cell division and differentiation, cell death is also critical for normal development and maintenance of healthy tissues. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Different studies statement that cells in the late G2 phase undergo the process Calcitriol (Rocaltrol) of differentiation into cysts when faced with harsh environmental conditions [60,61,62,63]. (globaltechbiz.com)
One such mechanism involves the upregulation of immune checkpoints, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The number of encoded NBPF/DUF1220 repeats varies from 4 to 52 copies, depending on the gene member and the NBPF1 protein has 7 repeats [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As at the G 1 checkpoint, cell size and protein reserves are assessed. (openstax.org)
The DNA damage study combines topics in areas such as CHEK1, Cell cycle checkpoint, MRE11 Homologue Protein and Molecular biology. (research.com)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
Although these systems aren't known completely, research survey that appearance of cyst encoding protein and genes is normally upregulated, like the Wnt/-catenin pathway functionally. (globaltechbiz.com)
The BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (hindawi.com)
In this report, we describe a testis zinc finger protein (Tzfp) that binds to the upstream flanking sequence of the Aie1 gene. (lookformedical.com)
However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)
Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Focusing on computational and statistical aspects of MR discovery, the ARACNe-MRA (Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks-Master Regulator Analysis) method has shown competent performance in this regard [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Euchro matic, and thereby known, hyperacetylated controls were rep resented by the promoter and five coding areas of 27 cellular housekeeping genes. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, cell death regulators also regulate many other cellular processes prior to a death stimulus, including neuronal activity, mitochondrial dynamics and energetics. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
94: 690-694, 1997), that cellular anti-death genes can alter the pathogenesis of virus infections (Nature Med. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Cellular senescence , the process by which damaged cells terminate normal growth and reproduction cycles to prevent injured cells from proliferating. (foundmyfitness.com)
Cell Cycle The cell cycle is an integral part of cellular processes. (globaltechbiz.com)
The TME consists of various cellular components, including immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, along with soluble factors and signaling molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
Further, high NEK2 expression promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
These CIN mechanisms and their signatures can be largely found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin the replication process. (openstax.org)
If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. (openstax.org)
The various areas that Alan Eastman examines in his CHEK1 study include G2-M DNA damage checkpoint, Molecular biology and DNA replication. (research.com)
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
SET8 depletion causes DNA damage specifically during replication, which induces a Chk1-mediated S-phase checkpoint. (rupress.org)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)

The spindle checkpoint, also known as the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the metaphase checkpoint, or the mitotic checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint during metaphase of mitosis or meiosis that prevents the separation of the duplicated chromosomes (anaphase) until each chromosome is properly attached to the spindle. (wikipedia.org)
Only this pattern of attachment will ensure that each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Premature dissociation of the chromatids can lead to chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy in the daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Examples include: In cancer cells, aneuploidy is a frequent event, indicating that these cells present a defect in the machinery involved in chromosome segregation, as well as in the mechanism ensuring that segregation is correctly performed. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, Down syndrome appears in children carrying in their cells one extra copy of chromosome 21, as a result of a defect in chromosome segregation during meiosis in one of the progenitors. (wikipedia.org)
Using its own observations, Zirkle was the first to propose that "some (…) substance, necessary for the cell to proceed to anaphase, appears some minutes after C (moment of the arrival of the last chromosome to the metaphase plate), or after a drastic change in the cytoplasmic condition, just at C or immediately after C", suggesting that this function is located on kinetochores unattached to the mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
Proper chromosome duplication is assessed at the G 2 checkpoint. (openstax.org)
Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)
It was revealed as early as in the 1930s that the behavior of the whole chromosome and its fragments in cells varies. (actanaturae.ru)
The mouse Tzfp gene, mapped to chromosome 7 B2-B3, encodes a 465-amino acid transcription factor containing a conserved N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and three C-terminal PLZF-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers. (lookformedical.com)

Identification of master regulator (MR) genes offers a relatively rapid and efficient way to characterize disease-specific molecular programs. (aging-us.com)
Thus, MRs comprise typically a small number of TF-encoding genes (and their products) that control a disproportionate level of gene expression, giving rise to distinct molecular phenotypes associated with a particular disease. (aging-us.com)
His Molecular biology study incorporates themes from Cell culture, Chinese hamster ovary cell and Deoxyribonuclease II, Biochemistry, DNA. (research.com)
Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
Through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which elicits various molecular events, cells are able to overcome low O2. (stanford.edu)
Subsequent improved understanding of the molecular alterations present in the cancer cell has enabled the development of targeted therapies for some forms of cancer. (nature.com)
Reuben J. Shaw, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. (aacrjournals.org)
These checkpoints act as molecular brakes on immune cells, preventing excessive activation and potential damage to healthy tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

These inhibitors inhibit NHEJ-catalyzed DSB repair and sensitize in vitro cancer cells to DSB-inducing agents. (termedia.pl)
A lack of HGH can inhibit cell division, resulting in dwarfism, whereas too much HGH can result in gigantism. (openstax.org)
Crowding of cells can also inhibit cell division. (openstax.org)

His Programmed cell death research incorporates themes from Deoxyribonuclease II, Acetylation, Extracellular, Cell biology and Endonuclease. (research.com)
His work carried out in the field of DNA damage brings together such families of science as CHEK1, Cell cycle checkpoint, Cell killing, Cell biology and Topoisomerase-I Inhibitor. (research.com)

Interestingly, the 1p36 region is frequently deleted not only in NB, but also in other human cancer types, including those of neural, epithelial and hematopoietic origin, indicating that the same tumor suppressor genes might be involved in a broad range of human cancers [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, targeting WDR5 by siRNA and OICR-9429 could block IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in PCa cells. (thno.org)
Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)

Transcriptomic analyses provide an efficient approach to explore the temporal gene expression profiles in embryos and to search for the developmental regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
The major event of MBT was the activation of a large group of histones and other genes that modify chromatin structure preceding massive gene expression changes. (biomedcentral.com)
Early ontogeny is associated with dramatic gene expression changes that underlie and determine the developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Over the last two decades, studies based on genome-wide gene expression and functional profiling have revealed the great diversity of transcriptional alterations occurring in liver carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Transcription factors (TFs) drive gene expression programs that shape specific phenotypes [ 3 ], and are frequently dysregulated in cancer [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Since the expression of genes defining discrete phenotypes is highly coordinated, application of reverse engineering algorithms to transcriptome datasets allows interpreting transcriptional networks by defining MRs and their associated regulons and gene circuits. (aging-us.com)
This spot also contains a gene with powerful homology for the family of dihydrofolate re ductases, even so, its transcription seems unaffected by histone acetylation, considering that expression of this gene can't be detected. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
Expression quantitative trait methylation (cis-eQTM) analysis revealed extensive functionally-relevant differences, and differential methylation pathway analysis recapitulated gene expression pathway differences between subtypes. (bvsalud.org)
These results may imply that G. haimaensis struggles to support the life response to environmental change by changing gene expression profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
Decreased expression of NBPF1 in neuroblastoma cell lines with loss of 1p36 heterozygosity and the marked decrease of anchorage-independent clonal growth of DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells with induced NBPF1 expression further suggest that NBPF1 functions as tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
LC-MS/MS analysis was used to investigate the proteome of DLD1 colon cancer cells with induced NBPF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, forced expression of NBPF1 in two p53-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines also resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest and CDKN1A upregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone modification is a vital mechanism of gene expression and a promising therapy target. (thno.org)
At the same time, skin and hair follicles harbor a functional circadian clock that regulates gene expression with a periodicity of approximately twenty four hours. (aging-us.com)
In order to systematically discover transcriptional activity associated with the hair growth cycle, we profiled mRNA expression at a genome-wide level over multiple time points corresponding to morphogenesis and two synchronized hair growth cycles. (aging-us.com)
One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
While these genes show a clear circadian pattern of expression in skin, as was previously demonstrated [ 9 - 11 ], their amplitude was higher during telogen and early anagen (Figure 1 ), indicating that in skin, the expression of clock controlled genes is dependent both on circadian mechanism and the hair growth cycle. (aging-us.com)
Since our mRNA expression studies were performed using whole skin, we asked which compartments of the skin and hair follicles contribute to the robust rhythmic circadian gene expression in telogen. (aging-us.com)
In this study, we employed the weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) method and the connectivity map (CMap) database to identify the candidate target genes and potential compounds. (frontiersin.org)
2013) exhibited the elevated expression of cysteine protease (cathepsin B alone or with uPAR) in glioblastomas, which in turn was responsible of self-renewal of malignant glioblastoma stem cells. (globaltechbiz.com)
Another signalling mechanism involves high expression of PKC-like genes (21 types) during the process of encystation [48]. (globaltechbiz.com)
In the present study, the potential mechanism of PIG3 participation in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated in multiple cell lines with depleted expression of PIG3 transiently or stably by the small interference RNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression strategies. (ijbs.com)
Re-expression of PIG3 effectively rescued the depression of DNA-PKcs in PIG3-depleted cells. (ijbs.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve a role in gene expression, primarily by interacting with messenger RNAs, and may be potential biomarkers for detecting cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)

Innate or acquired resistance to small molecule BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi) typically arises through mechanisms that sustain or reinstate ERK1/2 activation. (babraham.ac.uk)
These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
The timing of events in the cell cycle is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell. (openstax.org)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)

Accordingly, pre-treatment with 350 nM LSD1 inhibitor for 3 days followed by exposure to serial dilutions of ruxolitinib led to synergistic growth inhibition in non-DS-AMKL and ML-DS cell lines (Supplementary Fig. 4 ), as well as in all ML-DS patient samples (Fig. 1A ). (nature.com)
ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)

His studies in Cell cycle integrate themes in fields like Mitosis, DNA damage and DNA synthesis. (research.com)
His research integrates issues of Mitosis and DNA synthesis in his study of Cell cycle. (research.com)
His study brings together the fields of Mitosis and Cell cycle. (research.com)
Alan Eastman studied Cancer research and Cell cycle that intersect with Mitosis. (research.com)

A proportion of BRAF mutant lesions will methylate a DNA mismatch repair gene, MLH1 , which leads to the onset of microsatellite instability (MSI) [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates other genes as well, including Dbp, Tef, Hlf, and Rev-Erbα, which codes for an orphan nuclear receptor. (aging-us.com)

Inhibiting immune checkpoints in cancer is like removing the 'brake' that is keeping the immune system from attacking the tumor. (bcm.edu)

Consequently, various irreversible LSD1 inhibitors have been developed, with some currently undergoing clinical trials for AML [ 9 ]. (nature.com)
Therefore, we sought to investigate the rational use of LSD1 inhibitors in pediatric AMKL. (nature.com)
All dose-response curves plateaued at a certain LSD1 inhibitor concentration (Supplementary Fig. 2B ). (nature.com)
This review examines how LSD1 modulates different cell behavior in TME and emphasizes the potential use of LSD1 inhibitors in combination with ICB therapy for future cancer research studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Upon complexing with AR, LSD1 demethylates the repressive H3K9 and thereby promotes gene activation [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, multiple LSD1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials and demonstrate considerable potential in the field of cancer treatment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, we determine the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status, which provides key information, allowing for the prediction of PARP inhibitor- and platinum-based chemotherapy response caused by synthetic lethality. (cegat.com)

cell cycle arrest. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Here we show that encysted embryos (cysts) of the primitive crustacean are ideal for such research because they undergo WNT7A complete cell cycle arrest when they enter diapause (a state of obligate dormancy). (biospraysehatalami.com)
however commonly used animal models are limited in that cell cycle arrest must be induced by treatment with drugs. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)

At the metaphase to anaphase transition, this cohesion between sister chromatids is dissolved, and the separated chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the job of the spindle checkpoint is to prevent this transition into anaphase until the chromosomes are properly attached, before the sister chromatids separate. (wikipedia.org)
Using drugs such as nocodazole and colchicine, the mitotic spindle disassembles and the cell cycle is blocked at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. (wikipedia.org)
Using these drugs (see the review from Rieder and Palazzo in 1992), the putative control mechanism was named Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). (wikipedia.org)
Attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber is assessed at the M checkpoint. (openstax.org)
The current models for CIN involve telomere dysfunction, defective spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, genes involved in the cell cycle, and epigenetic regulators. (encyclopedia.pub)

The beginning of metaphase is characterized by the connection of the microtubules to the kinetochores of the chromosomes, as well as the alignment of the chromosomes in the middle of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
These microtubules exert a pulling force on the chromosomes towards the opposite ends of the cells, while the cohesion between the sister chromatids opposes this force. (wikipedia.org)
In order to preserve the cell's identity and proper function, it is necessary to maintain the appropriate number of chromosomes after each cell division. (wikipedia.org)
An error in generating daughter cells with fewer or greater number of chromosomes than expected (a situation termed aneuploidy), may lead in best case to cell death, or alternatively it may generate catastrophic phenotypic results. (wikipedia.org)
However, the most important role of the G 2 checkpoint is to ensure that all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged. (openstax.org)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

However, CDKN1A upregulation by NBPF1 was not observed in the DLD1 cells, which demonstrates that NBPF1 exerts cell-specific effects. (biomedcentral.com)

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in particular blockade of PD-1/PD-L1, show promising therapy response in some cancers, they are less effective in PCa which may be poor infiltration of cytotoxic T-cells [ 7 - 9 ]. (thno.org)
Immune checkpoint therapy for ER+ breast cancers, a missed opportunity? (bcm.edu)
Here we focus on ER+ breast cancers that are resistant to endocrine drugs such as aromatase inhibitors. (bcm.edu)
In some cancers, activation of immune checkpoint genes can also keep the T-cells from killing cancer cells. (bcm.edu)
The gene IDO1, an immune checkpoint component, was the gene that associated the most with luminal B, endocrine therapy-resistant cancers. (bcm.edu)
A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)

In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed for muscle tissue of G. haimaensis in the in situ environment (MH) and laboratory environment for 0 h (M0), 3 h (M3) and 9 h (M9), and 187,368 transcript sequences and 22,924 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated. (biomedcentral.com)

Since strong consensus regarding commonly altered MRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lacking, we generated a compendium of HCC datasets from 21 studies and identified a comprehensive signature consisting of 483 genes commonly deregulated in HCC. (aging-us.com)

The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) recently has been reported to be a new player in DNA damage signaling and response, but the crucial mechanism remains unclear. (ijbs.com)

In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)

His Cancer research study combines topics in areas such as Cancer, Cell cycle, Cisplatin, Immunology and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (research.com)
Alan Eastman interconnects Cancer, Cell cycle, Gemcitabine, Immunology and DNA repair in the investigation of issues within Cancer research. (research.com)
Cancer Cell. (elsevierpure.com)
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)

At its core are the bHLH-PAS transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 (ARNTL), which form a heterodimer and activate target genes containing E-boxes in their enhancer regions, including Periods (Per1, 2 and 3) and Cryptochromes (Cry1 and 2). (aging-us.com)
REV-ERBα regulates transcription of Bmal1 and other target genes by binding to retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements (ROREs) [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
The clock genes that we identified as upregulated in telogen/early anagen were all CLOCK/BMAL1 target genes, including Pers, Dbp and Rev-Erbα. (aging-us.com)

An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)

Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)

Four polo family members are present in mammalian cells: Plk1 Plk2/Snk Plk3/Fnk/Prk and Plk4/Sak. (biospraysehatalami.com)
When fast-dividing mammalian cells are grown in culture (outside the body under optimal growing conditions), the length of the cycle is about 24 hours. (openstax.org)
PIG3 is highly homologous to NADPH oxidoreductase TED2 in plants and zeta-Crystalline in mammalian cells, and is considered as a proapoptosis marker. (ijbs.com)

It has been reported that Ku-DNA binding inhibitors modulate the DNA damage response in response to DNA DSB [11]. (termedia.pl)

A scholarly research reported that CSP21 gene appearance is dynamic when its particular repressor molecule is removed. (globaltechbiz.com)

In combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), epigenetic modification-targeted drugs are emerging as attractive cancer treatments. (biomedcentral.com)

By using NGS technology, we analyze a panel of more than 700 tumor-associated genes and selected therapy-relevant fusions in more than 30 genes. (cegat.com)

The outcomes for the genome wide histone acetylation prole have been in accordance together with the inactive state of most viral genes in latency, because the viral genome was inside a primarily underacetylated state. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)

The zinc finger domain of Tzfp binds to the TGTACAGTGT motif (Tzfp binding site, termed tbs) located at the upstream flanking sequence of the Aie1 gene by gel mobility shift, DNase I footprinting, and competition analyses. (lookformedical.com)

Future work in the lab will focus on identifying genes that induce DNA damage in response to short telomeres, identifying how telomeres are processed and how telomere elongation is regulated. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
However, overexpression of aurora-A in particular cell lines such as NIH3T3 is sufficient to induce growth on soft agar. (lookformedical.com)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)

Therefore, Ku-DNA binding inhibitors seem to be a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy in combination with DNA DSB-inducing agents [11]. (termedia.pl)
The authors propose allogeneic healthy donor CAR T cells as a potential therapeutic option for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. (liangyihui.net)
In this study, we characterized WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), a regulator of histone modification, and explored its potential therapeutic value in PCa. (thno.org)
The cancer therapeutic potential of Chk1 inhibitors: how mechanistic studies impact on clinical trial design. (research.com)

We characterized specific regulators of histone modification, based on TCGA data. (thno.org)

As a result three different BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have now been approved for BRAFV600E/K- mutant melanoma and have transformed the treatment of this disease. (babraham.ac.uk)

Pvrl1 and Pvrl3 were knocked down in Hepa1-6 cells by using short hairpin RNAs. (stanford.edu)

Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. (actanaturae.ru)

While CD18 null mice have been used to investigate the function of CD18 in allergic asthma, studies on four integrins have been previously restricted to these employing monoclonal antibodies or other inhibitors of four integrin. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)

p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)

Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) is the key event during embryogenesis marked by the switch of control from the maternal and possibly paternal transcripts to the newly synthesized embryonic gene products [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In humans, the frequency of cell turnover ranges from a few hours in early embryonic development, to an average of two to five days for epithelial cells, and to an entire human lifetime spent in G 0 by specialized cells, such as cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. (openstax.org)

The present review focuses on circulating miRNAs in patients with TNBC, with an emphasis on their interaction with the immune response checkpoint genes PD‑1, PD‑L1 and CTLA4. (spandidos-publications.com)
Based on the findings of this literature review and the in silico analysis performed as part of this review, it is concluded that circulating hsa‑miR‑195 and hsa‑miR‑155 in TNBC interact with checkpoint genes involved in the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)

Initial, we tested for statistical enrichment of genes with individual Gene Ontology functional annotations, using ONTOLOGIZER version two.0, with the Phrase for Term calculation method and Bonferroni corrected P 0. (smadpathway.com)

In line with these observations, the allogeneic CAR T cells showed superior cytotoxicity in in vitro assays, and they efficiently targeted primary multiple myeloma cells in an ex vivo model. (liangyihui.net)

Anatomy23

Organisms6

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes92

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Kinase16

Proteins18

Apoptosis22

Pathways17

Regulation9

Tumors12

Mutations13

Progression9

Differentiation6

Protein15

Cellular11

Proliferation9

Replication10

Chromosome10

Molecular8

Inhibit3

Biology2

Interestingly3

Expression25

Mechanisms4

Inhibition3

Mitosis4

Mismatch repair1

Activates1

Inhibiting1

LSD16

PARP1

Arrest4

Spindle6

Chromosomes6

Upregulation1

Cancers6

Differentially expressed1

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Mechanism2

Repair genes1

Cancer Cell5

Target genes3

Head and neck squamous cell carc2

TP531

Mammalian3

Modulate1

Molecule1

Epigenetic1

Tumor associated1

Genome1

Instability1

Upstream1

Induce3

Therapeutic4

Histone1

BRAF1

RNAs1

Senescence1

Monoclonal1

Activation1

Embryonic2

Immune response2

Functional1

Vitro1