Regulator of apoptosis apoptosis regulatory proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
The central, catalytic domain of GRKs is actually a serine threonine kinase domain 32% identical in sequence to your catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and is thus a member in the PKA, PKG, and PKC family members of kinases. (phosphorylase-signal.com)
This gene encodes one of the three members of the human AKT serine-threonine protein kinase family which are often referred to as protein kinase B alpha, beta, and gamma. (senescence.info)
These highly similar AKT proteins all have an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, a serine/threonine-specific kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain. (senescence.info)
These proteins are phosphorylated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (senescence.info)
AKT/PI3K forms a key component of many signalling pathways that involve the binding of membrane-bound ligands such as receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin-linked kinase. (senescence.info)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These findings provide evidence that, in mature T lymphocytes, cell-cycle progression through the G 2 -M check point requires expression of the Src-family protein tyrosine kinase, Lck. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Here, we study the clinical and functional significance of DRAK2, a novel stress response kinase that plays a critical role in apoptosis, T-cell biology, and B-cell activation in CLL. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein may be detected in most cases (60-70%) of systemic ALCL by immunohistochemistry. (medscape.com)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

Background: TGF beta has pleiotropic effects that range from regulation of proliferation and apoptosis to morphological changes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Conclusion: Although p53, p21(Cip1) and pRb are well known regulators of both proliferation and apoptosis in response to a multitude of stresses, we conclude that they are critical for TGF beta-driven inhibition of hepatocytes proliferation, but only slightly modulate TGF beta-induced apoptosis. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether fat mass and obesity associated proteins (FTO) is an important target of Qiteng Xiaozhuo granules (QTXZG,) medicated serum in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells. (bvsalud.org)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)

During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
Carbon nanotube s induce apoptosis resistance through FLICE-inhibitory protein. (cdc.gov)
Novel tumour-specific RNA-protein interacting partners may serve as candidates to selectively induce cell death in tumour cells. (europa.eu)
Full length and shorter isoforms have been shown either to induce apoptosis or to reduce TNFRSF-triggered apoptosis. (ningbobio.com)
Jurkat (ATCC TIB-152) cells were left untreated (lanes 1 & 2) or treated with 1 µM Staurosporin for 4 hours (lanes 3 & 4) to induce apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Instead of accumulating in mouse cells and halting cell division in the genetically engineered mice, the altered p53 protein performed flawlessly: it was unstable when no DNA damage was present and was stable and fully functional when needed to halt the cycle cell to repair DNA damage or to induce apoptosis. (news-medical.net)

Kask L., Hillarp A., Ramesh B., Dahlbäck B., and Blom A. M. (2002) Structural requirements for the intra-cellular subunit polymerization of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

Implications of plasma protein binding for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097. (karmanos.org)
Acts as an inhibitor of TNFRSF6 mediated apoptosis. (ningbobio.com)
The FTO inhibitor (FB23-2) can significantly attenuate the effect of QTZXG medicated serum on inhibiting excessive proliferation and promoting apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
In addition to liberating BAK from the antiapoptotic MCL-1/BAK complex for the subsequent apoptosis cascade, AZD5991 downregulated inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) through a BAK-dependent mechanism to amplify the apoptotic signal. (bvsalud.org)

As opposed to other styles of muscles dystrophy, where mutations take place in genes encoding structural protein, calpainopathy was the initial reported kind of dystrophy predetermined by mutations within a gene encoding a proteolytic enzyme. (exposed-skin-care.net)
CRT effects are related to alterations in genes and microRNAs (miRs) expression, which regulate cardiac processes involved in cardiac apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and angiogenesis, and membrane channel ionic currents. (hindawi.com)
Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
The expression of genes through miRNA is regulated by endogenous regulatory pathways, resulting in high stability and biocompatibility ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, these genes were classified into 11 functional groups including transcription factors, cell cycle related factors, apoptosis regulators, kinases and metabolism-related proteins, etc. (edu.hk)
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes, or the production of mRNA from DNA. (biolegend.com)
Among these hub genes, Guanylate binding protein 2b (GBP2b) was selected as a key gene for further investigation. (researchsquare.com)

Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
Since resistance to apoptosis is a foundation of neoplastic evolution and selection of malignant transformed phenotype, we investigated the apoptosis pathway underlying the resistance its mechanisms to aid the understanding of SWCNT-induced carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
As compared to passage-matched control cells, SWCNT-transformed BEAS-2B cells exhibited resistance to apoptosis induced by death ligands, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-a and Fas ligand, but not by inducers of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, e.g., antimycin A and cisplatin, suggesting death receptor pathway as the primary pathway of defective apoptosis in SWCNT-transformed cells. (cdc.gov)

Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
AIM OF THE STUDY: We used spermatocytes (GC-2spd cell line) to investigate the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells after radiation, and the mechanisms of YQJD decoction. (bvsalud.org)
Autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins and IκBα/NF-κB pathway factors were detected. (bvsalud.org)
After radiation, NF-κB was translocated to the nucleus, inflammatory factors were secreted, and IκBα/NF-κB pathway was activated, which promoted autophagy and apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
YQJD decoction can inhibit the phosphorylation of IκBα/NF-κB pathway related factors, regulate the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 proteins, and inhibit the occurrence of autophagy and apoptosis of irradiated spermatocyte. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: The research results indicate that ionizing radiation can activate the IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway in spermatocytes, promote cell autophagy and apoptosis by regulating the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 factors. (bvsalud.org)

It catalyses the removal of a phosphate group from fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP): Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate->Fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) + phosphate F-2,6-BP is an allosteric regulator of cellular glucose metabolism pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. (mdpi.com)
Apoptosis regulator protein which may function as a crucial link between cell survival and cell death pathways in mammalian cells. (ningbobio.com)
which uncouple the GPCRs from G proteins, target the re ceptors to clathrin coated pits for endocytosis, and serve as adaptors for other signaling pathways such as these of mito gen activated protein kinases. (phosphorylase-signal.com)
Proteases which cleave SREBPs have been identified and include SCA (SREBP-cleavage activity), as well as caspase-3, a key regulator of apoptotic pathways. (bdbiosciences.com)
Because of the variable and limited antiviral effects obtained with statins so far, we sought to investigate the antiviral potency of an upstream regulator of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolic pathways. (cp-673451inhibitor.com)

Bax and Bak have been shown to play a critical role in cytochrome c release from mitochondria and thus initiate apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)

VDAC regulates mitochondrial membrane potential and controls the production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome C by mitochondria, both of which are the potent inducers of cell apoptosis. (thermofisher.cn)
Cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors were measured. (bvsalud.org)
Cell proliferation was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and cell apoptosis was investigated using flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)

Our studies have shown that chronic exposure to single-walled carbon nanotube s (SWCNT) induces apoptosis resistance and malignant transformation of human lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)

DNA microarray and Western blot analyses of key apoptosis-regulatory proteins in the transformed cells revealed FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) as an important target of regulation by SWCNT. (cdc.gov)
These activate the ""late"" transcriptional reprogramming influencing DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. (europa.eu)
Several cellular contexts have been proposed for TIPRL, such as regulation of mTOR signaling, inhibition of apoptosis and biogenesis and recycling of PP2A, however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. (diamond.ac.uk)
As these proteins are also involved in the regulation of apoptosis in many circumstances, we investigated their contribution to other relevant TGF beta-induced effects, namely apoptosis and EMT, and examined how the various processes were interrelated. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Sjöberg A., Trouw L., McGrath F., Hack E. C. and Blom A. M. (2006) Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (lu.se)

TIGAR transcription is rapidly activated by the p53 tumour suppressor protein in response to low levels of cellular stress, such as that caused by exposure to low doses of UV. (wikipedia.org)
BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. (thermofisher.cn)
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Apoptosis an active physiological process resulting in cellular self-destruction of unwanted cells is absent in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
SREBP proteins, which are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope, are proteolytically cleaved and thus activated in response to conditions of low cellular sterol. (bdbiosciences.com)
These AKT proteins therefore regulate a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. (senescence.info)
Since the p53 protein is able to trigger such drastic action as cellular suicide, the cells of the body must ensure that the p53 protein is only activated when damage is sensed and that the protein is quickly degraded when it is not needed. (news-medical.net)
Cellular experimental studies confirm that GBP2b was a novel regulatory molecule that promotes M1 macrophage polarization during M. bovis infection and was also an antimicrobial protein that promotes intracellular bacterial clearance. (researchsquare.com)
Dr. Jacobs described Vaccinia viruses deficient in E3L, a regulator of the cellular antiviral response and noted their potential for the production of improved vaccines. (cdc.gov)

To elucidate the general importance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptosis, we exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient for n-cofilin, ADF (actin depolymerizing factor), or all ADF/cofilin isoforms to well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)

metastatic potential of HCC cells by selectively regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulatory proteins such as N-cadherin, E-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin. (nos-nop.org)

The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
Furthermore, CS increased the autophagic turnover of ciliary proteins, indicating that autophagy may regulate cilia homeostasis. (nih.gov)

The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Apoptosis is essential for many fundamental processes, such as embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. (nature.com)
SREBP proteins containing point mutations at caspase-3 cleavage sites (Asp460 in SREBP-1 and Asp468 in SREBP-2) do not become cleaved following induction of apoptosis, suggesting that SREBPs may play some role in apoptotic processes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Pax6 serves as a regulator in the coordination and pattern formation required for differentiation and proliferation to successfully take place, ensuring that the processes of neurogenesis and oculogenesis are carried out successfully. (biolegend.com)

This gene is regulated as part of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and encodes a protein with sequence similarity to the bisphosphate domain of the glycolytic enzyme that degrades fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
The protein functions by blocking glycolysis and directing the pathway into the pentose phosphate shunt. (wikipedia.org)
Tsai said that further studies in her laboratory would aim not only to understand the Par-4 regulatory pathway in greater detail, but also to explore drugs that could affect its normal function. (biopsychiatry.com)
TOR signaling pathway regulator-like (TIPRL) is a regulatory protein which inhibits the catalytic subunits of Type 2A phosphatases. (diamond.ac.uk)
AKT proteins also participate in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway which controls the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4E) complex and this pathway, in addition to responding to extracellular signals from growth factors and cytokines, is disregulated in many cancers. (senescence.info)
UBE3A is associated with cervical cancer and may combine with the E6 proto-oncogene encoded by HPV16 within cervical cancer cells to form the E6/E6-AP protein complex through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

3 Pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cytochrome c and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC), are released from mitochondria into the cytosol where they participate in the activation of execution caspases. (nature.com)
Outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release are typically achieved by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax and Bak. (nature.com)
Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating AKT1 which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. (senescence.info)
Recent basic and clinical research has revealed that hydrogen is an important physiological regulatory factor with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects on cells and organs. (researchgate.net)

In this project, I will employ biochemical, cell, systems biology and computational approaches to study the relevance of post-transcriptional regulators such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs in DDR. (europa.eu)

4 Although the mechanisms of caspase activation in the cytosol are well characterized, the steps that control cytochrome c release from mitochondria and thereby activate the apoptosis program have remained largely elusive. (nature.com)

We found that, upon induction of apoptosis in control MEFs, n-cofilin, and its homolog ADF translocated to mitochondria together with actin. (nature.com)

TIGAR is a recently discovered enzyme that primarily functions as a regulator of glucose breakdown in human cells. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of this protein also protects cells from DNA damaging reactive oxygen species and provides some protection from DNA damage-induced apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
One of the proteins that the screen revealed, surprisingly, was a regulatory molecule involved in the cell's suicide program, called prostate apoptosis response 4 (Par-4) Apoptosis is the mechanism by which the body rids itself of unneeded or damaged cells. (biopsychiatry.com)
Consistent with a cell-cycle regulatory function, CYLD localizes to microtubules in interphase and the midbody during telophase CYLD 's protein levels decrease as cells exit from mitosis. (medscape.com)
Overexpression of FLIP increased apoptosis resistance of the cells, whereas RNAi knockdown of FLIP reversed the apoptosis resistance of cells in response to death ligands. (cdc.gov)
Together, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism of apoptosis resistance induced by chronic exposure to SWCNT in human lung epithelial cells and identified FLIP as a key regulator of apoptosis avoidance that contributes to the development of malignant transformed phenotype. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative proteomics will be applied to identify the differentially mRNA-bound proteins after the exposure of human cultured cells to ionizing radiation. (europa.eu)
18 Both enzymes, OGT and OGA as well as multiple O-GlcNAcylated proteins are enriched at sites of active transcription in human cells. (nature.com)
16 Cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, possibly to adjust to stringent metabolic demands and O-GlcNAcylation is a key metabolic regulator of glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
Thus, we conclude that ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for induction or progression of apoptosis in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
These proteases are responsible for the dismantling of cells during apoptosis. (nature.com)
In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)
All three extracts induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Firstly, the overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and induced apoptosis in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overexpression of IGF-1 in serum and tissue alters the growth of normal cells and causes uncontrolled proliferation, inhibits differentiation and reduces apoptosis, resulting in the incidence and development of malignant tumors ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
A striking feature observed only in Lck- deficient T cells was the presence of a constitutively tyrosine- phosphorylated 32-kDa protein. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Moreover, transfected cells were hypersusceptible to apoptosis when activated through the T cell receptor. (uaeu.ac.ae)
As demonstrated in Fig. ?Fig.2B,2B, knockdown augmented HDAC2 and CDK2 protein expressions in SNU-449 and SKHep-1 cells, whereas co-transfection of miR-31 mimics attenuated knockdown effect on the same cells. (nos-nop.org)
A previous study has shown that 4 Gy irradiation induced the apoptosis of spermatocytes and revealed autophagosomes in cells exposed to radiation. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: EdU and flow cytometry assays revealed that QTXZG medicated serum can remarkably inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs). (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: FTO is a key target for QTXZG medicated serum in inhibiting excessive proliferation and promoting apoptosis of human glomerular mesangial cells. (bvsalud.org)
AZD5991 markedly induced apoptosis in these cells. (bvsalud.org)
RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
Until now, scientists had assumed, based on studies in cultured cells, that p53 had to be modified by attaching chemical groups to specific sites on the protein to function normally in the body. (news-medical.net)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)
Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)

The TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) also known as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the C12orf5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)
It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
Subsequent phosphorylation of both threonine residue 308 and serine residue 473 is required for full activation of the AKT1 protein encoded by this gene. (senescence.info)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NALP protein family despite lacking the LRR region. (antibodypedia.com)
Other experiments indicate that this gene acts as a multifunctional negative regulator of inflammation and apoptosis. (antibodypedia.com)
The encoded protein contains two different binding sites that are known to bind DNA and function as a regulator of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
It is a key regulatory gene of eye and brain development. (biolegend.com)
Furthermore, gene co-expression analysis and further experiments showed that GBP2b regulates M1 polarization through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κBp65 protein. (researchsquare.com)

Non-muscle cofilin (n-cofilin) is a member of the ADF/cofilin family of actin depolymerizing proteins. (nature.com)
Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)

The researchers found that knocking out Par-4 in mouse neurons or disrupting its interaction with the receptor caused a loss of the normal inhibition of another key regulatory molecule, called cyclic AMP. (biopsychiatry.com)
In the present study we investigated the efficacy of Organic extracts of Nigella sativa seed powder for its clonogenic inhibition and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cancer cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Mark L., Lee W. H., Villoutreix B. O., Proctor D., Blackbourn, D., Spiller B. O. and Blom A. M. (2004) KSHV complement control protein mimics human molecular mechanisms for inhibition of the complement system. (lu.se)

In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. (springer.com)

In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

8 Recently, it was shown that n-cofilin translocates to mitochondria during the early phase of apoptosis, but the mechanism for this translocation remained obscure. (nature.com)

The ATP binding internet site is extremely conserved among all protein kinases and it is the binding internet site for many reported inhibitors of GRKs as well as other kinases. (phosphorylase-signal.com)
There are lots of important structural aspects that cluster all around the ATP binding website of protein kinases, which includes the phosphate binding loop, the C helix, the hinge connecting the massive and tiny lobes, as well as the activation loop, and that is typically a website of phosphorylation. (phosphorylase-signal.com)

In many cases the antiproloferation action is caused by damage to DNA, which initiates apoptosis and cell death [4]. (savedelicious.com)
It initiates the process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, which directs the cell to commit suicide, permanently removing the damaged DNA from the organism. (news-medical.net)

As apoptosis is induced, the SREBP-2 125 kDa precursor is cleaved to its ~70 kDa size. (bdbiosciences.com)

The BCL-2 family members are also characterized by dimerizing to further modulate apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)

Full length human recombinant protein of human BCL2 produced in HEK293T cell. (thermofisher.com)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
Expression of the L1 protein using recombinant DNA technology produces noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)

Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

Researchers have discovered a regulatory molecule that links faulty dopamine signaling in the brain to the neural machinery that breaks down in people who suffer from depression. (biopsychiatry.com)
Finally, our docking simulations showed that the truncated PE species bound at least as good to several of the lantibiotic-identified proteins, as compared to the non-truncated parent molecule, stearoyl-arachidonoyl PE (SAPE), indicating that these oxidatively-truncated species favor/promote the formation of PEox-protein adducts. (cdc.gov)

The FTO overexpression plasmid could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of LPS-induced HGMCs. (bvsalud.org)

He first conducted a broad screen for proteins that interacted with a central regulatory segment of the D2 receptor. (biopsychiatry.com)
A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. (bvsalud.org)

The chemical modifications of the p53 protein that we thought were essential for its normal function may just fine-tune the activity of the protein under physiological conditions in a living organism, but they are not essential," explains lead investigator professor Geoffrey M. Wahl. (news-medical.net)

15 The dynamic addition and removal of O-GlcNAc has been described for multiple cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins and it affects the function of various signaling molecules and transcription factors. (nature.com)

When higher than normal levels of p53 tumor suppressor exist, there is enough p53 to bind to many regulatory sites in the cell's genome to activate the production of other proteins that will halt cell division if the DNA damage can be repaired. (news-medical.net)
Or, if the damage is too severe for the breaks to be repaired, critical backup protection, also governed by the p53 tumor suppressor protein, kicks in. (news-medical.net)

It affects cell proliferation, differentiation and inhibits apoptosis, and its role in tumor development has received attention ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

As these studies also revealed impaired cytochrome c release and a block in apoptosis upon small interfering RNA-mediated n-cofilin knockdown, n-cofilin was postulated to be essential for apoptosis induction. (nature.com)

These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)

E6-AP) is an important member of the ubiquitin proteasome system and a type of ubiquitin protein ligase (E3 enzyme) ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
SREBP-1 and -2 (sterol-regulatory element binding proteins-1 and -2) are transcription factors which participate in the control of cholesterol homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Upon activation of SREBP-1 or -2, a ~480-500 amino acid, N-terminal cleavage fragment of these proteins enters the nucleus and activates transcription of enzymes and other proteins required for cholesterol synthesis. (bdbiosciences.com)

In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)

Until now, many scientists thought that specific modifications on the easily accessible tail end, or C-terminus, of the p53 protein are crucial for both, timely degradation or activation. (news-medical.net)

HCC tissues derived from chemical-induced rat liver cancer models validated that miR-31 manifestation is significantly down-regulated, and that those cell cycle- and EMT-regulatory proteins are deregulated in rat liver cancer. (nos-nop.org)

Neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are molecular "messengers" that neurons fire at protein receptors on the surface of neighboring neurons. (biopsychiatry.com)

However, sterol-regulated vs. apoptosis-associated cleavage of SREBP proteins appears to be independently regulated. (bdbiosciences.com)
On SDS-PAGE, sterol-regulated cleavage fragments of SREBP proteins migrate more slowly (i.e., higher molecular weight) than do staurosporin-induced fragments. (bdbiosciences.com)

OGT transfers O-GlcNAc moieties from UDP-GlcNAc to serine and threonine residues of proteins and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the opposite reaction to remove O-GlcNAc. (nature.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms11

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Kinase14

Proliferation and apoptosis4

Induce6

Subunit1

Inhibitor4

Genes11

Resistance to apoptosis3

Autophagy and apoptosis6

Pathways6

Initiate apoptosis2

Cell apoptosis3

Induces apoptosis1

Regulation5

Cellular12

Inducers2

Epithelial-mesenchyma1

Regulate2

Processes4

Pathway6

Apoptotic4

Transcriptional1

Release from mitochondria1

Homolog1

Cells34

Gene11

Actin2

Inhibition3

Isoforms1

Intracellular1

Mechanism1

Kinases2

Initiates2

Precursor1

Modulate1

Recombinant3

Inhibitors1

Molecule2

Overexpression1

Receptor2

Physiological1

Cytoplasmic1

Tumor suppressor2

Inhibits1

Knockdown1

Inflammation1

Ubiquitin-protea1

Transcription3

Morphological1

Crucial1

Liver Cancer1

Receptors1

SREBP2

Serine1