This particular form of methylation can be associated with a more "open" or "closed" configuration of the chromatin depending on various factors including the specific lysine residues being methylated. (basicmedicalkey.com)
It is important to mention here that there is a correlation between histone methylation and DNA methylation, where the latter can induce the former to effect a closed chromatin configuration to silence expression. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The effects of DNA methylation and the histone code are due, at least in part, to modification-specific recruitment of factors, such as heterochromatin-associated proteins (HP1) and methyl-binding domain proteins, which establish and maintain higher order of chromatin structure. (aacrjournals.org)
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a conserved transcription factor that performs diverse roles in transcriptional regulation and chromatin architecture. (preprints.org)
2 In addition to the well-established epigenetic role of DNA methylation, this definition includes a variety of more transient histone modifications such as acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation that underlie epigenetic effects, and that will be discussed in this chapter along with the influence of SUMOylation, ubiquitination, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation, and microRNA. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Finally, the cross-matching analysis of ESCs, iPSCs and MEFs transcriptomes and AKT1 phosphorylation targets provided new clues about possible factors that could be involved in the SUMOylation-dependent Nanog induction by AKT. (bvsalud.org)
Thus H3K9 methylation at the promoter region silences transcription, but within the coding region, H3K9 methylation was found to be associated with actively transcribed genes. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Mechanisms2
As the field and available technology has progressed, the term has come to also refer to the molecular mechanisms of regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression encompasses mechanisms that allow regulating the expression of the genes without modification of the DNA sequence. (amboss.com)
Transcriptional2
Despite its relatively young age, the field of epigenome has provided invaluable insight into the transcriptional regulation of DNA and the pathogenesis of several rare and common disorders. (basicmedicalkey.com)
This lack of methylation confers a permissive environment of transcription and represents an important transcriptional regulatory mechanism. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Genes2
These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Enriched pathways analysis of these positively correlated genes featured Toll-like receptor and SUMOylation pathways. (preprints.org)
Gene Regulation1
Despite being a relatively young field, epigenetics has provided critical insights into gene regulation and addressed important gaps in our understanding of how static DNA sequence is normally interpreted in a dynamic fashion, both temporally and spatially. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Transcription factor1
We have previously demonstrated that AKT1 induces the expression of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog in a SUMOylation-dependent manner in mouse embryonic stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
Role1
MiRNAs also play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and several known miRNAs that are involved in these diseases have also been shown to play a role in CD8+ regulation. (frontiersin.org)
Influence1
Recent data show that these extrinsic environmental factors synergize with intrinsic age-related changes to influence epigenetic regulation of gene expression, ultimately contributing to the visible-and invisible-signs of skin aging (Chevalier 2019). (ernolaszlo.com)
A 2019 study found that, in mice models, maternal immune activation may be involved in the regulation of the ARX gene expression that contributes to the GABA dysfunction commonly implicated in schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequent sections focus on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and its relevance to skin aging. (ernolaszlo.com)
One of the most studied mechanisms, DNA methylation within the human methylome, may provide a potential epigenetic signature for migraine. (lidsen.com)
Accumulating evidence from studies on DNA methylation and histone modification that affect chromatin structure, as well as on the role of microRNAs in regulating mRNA levels supports the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to the development of FASD. (nih.gov)
They can be categorized into six major subclasses, which display diverse properties affecting the two best characterized epigenetic mechanisms: modulation of the DNA methylation status and histone acetylation. (biomedcentral.com)
The most common epigenetic modifications (Fig. 1 ) are changes in the DNA methylation pattern, posttranslational histone modifications, and variations in the expression of non-coding microRNA (miRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
We examined the evidence supporting the roles of the three major epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA (miRNA) expression-in arsenic toxicity and, in particular, carcinogenicity. (nih.gov)
A 2019 study found that, in mice models, maternal immune activation may be involved in the regulation of the ARX gene expression that contributes to the GABA dysfunction commonly implicated in schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)
Active DNA demethylation plays a crucial role in eukaryotic gene imprinting and antagonizing DNA methylation. (bvsalud.org)
Crucial role1
This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
Distinct1
The plant-specific REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1/DEMETER (ROS1/DME) family of enzymes directly excise 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC), representing an efficient DNA demethylation pathway distinct from that of animals. (bvsalud.org)