• Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of thousands of DIPG tumor cells containing H3K27M mutations showed that most of these tumor cells resemble oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC-like)-a cell type that exhibits obviously enhanced proliferation and tumor-propagating potential compared with other cell subsets in tumor samples 9 . (nature.com)
  • Conditional inactivation of Mapk1 in neural progenitor cells of the developing cortex lead to a reduction of cortical thickness and reduced proliferation in neural progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • and regulation of cell population proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • VEGF, produced in large amounts by cancer cells during tumor growth, interacts with its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 thereby causing endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and sprouting [7] . (plos.org)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of NPAS3 and VGF, and their roles in neural cell proliferation, in the context of psychiatric illnesses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Over-expression of NPAS3 also enhances the cell proliferation, which can be blocked by knockdown of VGF. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, NPAS3 was found to influence proliferation of neural cells through VGF. (frontiersin.org)
  • This network collectively detailed how NPAS3 connects with VGF and intersected neural cell proliferation, synaptic activity and psychiatric disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • NPAS3 protein is also involved in other processes in the brain such as neurogenesis, circadian rhythm and cell proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • It maintains normal hematopoietic function by interacting with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to control their proliferation and differentiation ( Morrison and Scadden, 2014 ). (techscience.com)
  • Finally, we develop splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides to reverse the increased skipping of TRA2β-PE detected in breast tumors, altering breast cancer cell viability, proliferation, and migration. (mendeley.com)
  • MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
  • Menin mutations lead to increased Hedgehog signaling and cell proliferation. (medindia.net)
  • The GAS1 protein promotes Hedgehog signaling, and thus by inhibiting Gas1 expression, menin and PRMT5 effectively dial down the pathway's tendency towards cell proliferation. (medindia.net)
  • What's more, treating a mouse model of human MEN1 syndrome with a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor called Erivedge (FDA-approved in 2012 for metastatic or locally advanced basal cell carcinoma) reduced proliferation of tumor cells and blood insulin levels. (medindia.net)
  • Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG-SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Malat1 was sufficient to block regeneration, supporting a critical role of Malat1 in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and binucleation, a landmark of mature nonregenerative cardiomyocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, the loss of hnRNP U, an interaction partner of Malat1, induced similar features in vitro, suggesting that Malat1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and binucleation by hnRNP U to control the regenerative window in the heart. (bvsalud.org)
  • We discovered that activation of BMP signaling promotes the exit of DIPG tumor cells from 'prolonged stem-cell-like' state to differentiation by epigenetically regulating CXXC5, which acts as a tumor suppressor and positive regulator of BMP signaling. (nature.com)
  • Thus, targeting the prolonged stem-cell-like state of DIPG cells to differentiation has been proposed as a potential strategy for DIPG treatment. (nature.com)
  • Mouse studies have suggested that Acvr1 G328V cooperates with Hist1h3b K27M and Pik3ca H1047R to generate high-grade diffuse gliomas, specifically by arresting the differentiation of oligodendroglial lineage cells 16 . (nature.com)
  • Is the Subject Area "Cell differentiation" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Activation of mTOR-dependent pathways regulates the specification and differentiation of CD4 + T effector cell subsets. (jci.org)
  • The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may be related to the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which could influence the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. (techscience.com)
  • Providing supplemental proline reversed the effects of HF on Th17 cell differentiation, while adding back other amino acids did not, establishing the specificity of HF for proline incorporation. (scienceblog.com)
  • We show that PEs in serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins, a family of 14 essential SFs, are differentially spliced during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation and in tumors versus normal tissues. (mendeley.com)
  • The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
  • TFs being expressed and the downstream differentiation target been established as candidates to regulate both pluripotency and genes being shut off [11]. (lu.se)
  • The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. (lu.se)
  • The study uses IDG-SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • RNA stability assay was applied to characterize the mechanism of C1QBP regulating XDH transcription. (medsci.org)
  • However, the underlying mechanism of this regulation remains unclear. (frontiersin.org)
  • The enhanced motility of vin −/− and vinY822F cells is also shown to be due to a similar mechanism. (rupress.org)
  • This study aimed to investigate whether miR-720 targets Rab35 to regulate insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and its molecular mechanism, and the clinical value of miR-720 as a specific biomarker of T2D. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether miR-720 targets Rab35 to regulate insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and its molecular mechanism, and the clinical value of miR-720 as a specific biomarker of T2D. (researchsquare.com)
  • A new study by Alejandro Vasquez-Rifo, PhD, and Victor Ambros, PhD, shows that certain strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a rod-shaped bacterial pathogen that causes disease in plants and animals, including humans, have a unique mechanism for disabling and degrading the ribosome in its host cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, the mechanism of PTOV1 regulation is poorly understood. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Together, these data provide a first mechanism to understand the regulation of PTOV1 stability, localization, and function within the cell. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This study is an exciting example of how solving the molecular mechanism of traditional herbal medicine can lead both to new insights into physiological regulation and to novel approaches to the treatment of disease," said Tracy Keller, an instructor in Whitman's lab and the first author on the paper. (scienceblog.com)
  • However, the mechanism of alcohol-mediated up-regulation of TLR2 has not been identified. (cdc.gov)
  • In molecular biology, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The term, "extracellular signal-regulated kinases", is sometimes used as a synonym for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but has more recently been adopted for a specific subset of the mammalian MAPK family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) is also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2). (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we show that vinculin null (vin −/− ) cells and cells expressing a vinculin Y822F mutant have increased survival due to up-regulated activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). (rupress.org)
  • Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
  • A biofilm is an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix. (cdc.gov)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The signaling pathways activated by neurotrophins can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which in turn determine growth cone behaviors (Gallo and Letourneau, 1998 , 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
  • NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • AMPK pathways are energy regulation pathways. (springer.com)
  • Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
  • for example, they provide structural stability to cells and tissues, give motility to individual cells, carry messages within and between cells, and regulate gene expression and metabolism. (biologists.com)
  • Moreover, modulation of the proteins involved in cellular metal homeostasis may help in the regulation of metabolism, adaptability to a diverse range of environmental conditions, and biofortification. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review progress in the understanding of different subcellular metal transport components in plants and discuss the prospects of regulating cellular metabolism and strategies to develop biofortified crop plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the role of C1QBP in metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells have not yet been explored. (medsci.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a homeostasis disorder of glucose metabolism caused by insulin resistance (IR) and/or pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, which involves the interaction of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors ( 1 , 2 ) . (researchsquare.com)
  • More and more evidences ( 6 - 8 ) show that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism, insulin synthesis and secretion, which are the core links in the development of T2D. (researchsquare.com)
  • It produces hormones that affect the function and metabolism of all red blood cells containing a nucleus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Furthermore, by analyzing the effects of Wnt5a on the malignant melanoma proteome, we provide evidence for a cell context dependent reprogramming of cellular metabolism induced by Wnt5a. (lu.se)
  • However, there are few reports on the microRNA (miRNA/miR) regulation of NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • microRNA (miR) is a highly conserved non-coding small RNA widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, 18-25 nucleotides long, being capable of affecting the biological functions of other genes by binding to the 3'UTR end of its target gene ( 4 , 5 ) . (researchsquare.com)
  • Nelson C, Ambros V. Trans-splicing of the C. elegans let-7 primary transcript developmentally regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis and let-7 family microRNA activity. (umassmed.edu)
  • In this work, RVC researchers set about to understand microRNA regulation of helper T cells development. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • MicroRNA-15b/16 Enhances the Induction of Regulatory T Cells by Regulating the Expression of Rictor and mTOR. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • Journal Article] MicroRNA MIR21 and T Cells in Colorectal Cancer. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Journal Article] The role of microRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Aging down-regulates microRNA 145 (miR-145) and derepresses the neurorepulsive factor semaphorin-3A. (bvsalud.org)
  • Low doses of DNA damage resulting from cancer therapy cause ERK1/2 to induce senescence, whereas higher doses of DNA damage fail to activate ERK1/2, and thus induce cell death by apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated p53 transcriptionally regulates hundreds of genes that are involved in multiple biological processes, including in DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. (nih.gov)
  • In this Review, we discuss the multiple molecular mechanisms of p53 regulation and how they modulate the induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. (nih.gov)
  • C1QBP knockdown and overexpression cells were established via lentiviral infection and subjected to apoptosis and ROS assay in vitro . (medsci.org)
  • C1QBP significantly increased ROS level, apoptosis, and the expression of apoptotic proteins such as cleaved caspase-3 and bax/bcl2 via regulating XDH. (medsci.org)
  • C1QBP promotes the catabolism of hypoxanthine and elevates the apoptosis of RCC cells by modulating XDH-mediated ROS generation. (medsci.org)
  • A vinculin fragment (amino acids 811-1066) containing the paxillin binding site restored apoptosis and suppressed ERK activity in vin −/− cells. (rupress.org)
  • Transfection with paxillin Y31FY118F dominant-negative mutant in these cells inhibits ERK activation and restores apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • These CSCs, which were found to overexpress tumor promoter caveolin-1 (Cav-1), displayed aggressive cancer phenotypes of apoptosis resistance and enhanced cell invasion and migration compared with their non-CSC counterpart. (oncotarget.com)
  • Knockdown of ENG inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in hEM15A cells. (viamedica.pl)
  • Specifically, we discuss how the interaction of p53 with DNA and chromatin affects gene expression, and how p53 post-translational modifications, its temporal expression dynamics and its interactions with chromatin regulators and transcription factors influence cell fate. (nih.gov)
  • miRNAs comprise a large group of endogenous non-coding RNAs that can block mRNA translation or negatively regulate mRNA stability and thereby play a central role in regulating gene expression [10] , [11] . (plos.org)
  • MicroRNAs, as their name implies, are small RNAs that provide an essential regulation of gene expression by controlling translation of protein expressing messenger RNAs. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • These genes are regulated by specific regions near the genes called imprinting control regions (ICRs), which contain epigenetic marks (methylation) that coordinate gene expression. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, this regulation relies on insulin gene expression through the activation of CaMKII and MafA. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we prove that a dynamic magnetic field upregulates insulin gene expression in low-content insulin-secreting INS-1 832/13 cells. (lu.se)
  • This enhancement is combined with the activation of Pdx-1, the transcription factor that regulates insulin gene expression. (lu.se)
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and often expressed in a cell type-specific manner. (bvsalud.org)
  • Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)
  • Principles for regulation of gene expression through intercellular signalling. (lu.se)
  • The mechanisms by which neurotrophins regulate growth cone motility are unclear. (jneurosci.org)
  • Growth cone behaviors change in a region-specific manner as axons extend to their targets ( Mason and Erskine, 2000 ), suggesting that guidance cues regulate growth cone motility. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, to understand axon guidance, it is important to determine how guidance cues regulate growth cone motility. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, vinculin regulates survival and motility via ERK by controlling the accessibility of paxillin for FAK interaction. (rupress.org)
  • Journal Article] Activation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Signaling in Gastric Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Increases Their Motility, via Expression of Rhomboid 5 Homolog 2, and Ability to Induce Invasiveness of Gastric Cancer Cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Previously it was known that microRNAs were important for the development of a subset of helper T cells called regulatory T cells, which are required to regulate the immune response and prevent attacks against host tissue that lead to autoimmunity. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • In this article the researchers describe their identification of important individual microRNAs and relevant genes they regulate to control regulatory T cell development. (rvc.ac.uk)
  • In this study, VGF (non-acronymic) was found regulated by NPAS3 in neuronal stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fe readily changes its oxidative state, which allows participation in cellular functions, and its regulation is extremely important to avoid cellular toxicity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Main Outcome Measure(s): The effect of glucocorticoid and oxidative stress on the expression of CSF-1 and c-fms in endometrial cells. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Conclusion(s): The results suggest that CSF-1 may promote the growth of nonmalignant endometrial cells in both an autocrine and paracrine manner and that endometrial cells under oxidative stress induce CSF-1 and c-fms. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Yet, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of filopodial dynamics are not well understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of bone mass regulation and can help develop efficient therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis treatment. (lu.se)
  • In summary, we investigate the mechanisms regulating insulin production and secretion through Cav channels and DEGs. (lu.se)
  • Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)
  • Mechanisms that regulate development from single cell to multicellular organisms. (lu.se)
  • In COAD cells, NEK6 was highly expressed, whereas miR-323a-3p was expressed at low levels and negatively regulated NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • This suggests unoccupied p75 NTR negatively regulates filopodia length. (jneurosci.org)
  • Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • By screening for proteins that colocalize with NHR-67 punctae, we identified new regulators of uterine cell fate maintenance: homologs of the transcriptional co-repressor Groucho (UNC-37 and LSY-22), as well as the TCF/LEF homolog POP-1. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that ribosomes within one organism, even within one single cell differ in posttranslational modifications and ribosome-associated proteins. (albany.edu)
  • How does ribosome composition regulate how much and which proteins are synthesized? (albany.edu)
  • Adhesion complexes (i.e., focal adhesions and focal complexes) and cell-cell contacts are specialized structures that harbor a large number of cytoskeletal proteins and one of the highest concentrations of signaling molecules in cells ( Ruoslahti and Obrink, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
  • Rab proteins are known to be important participants in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • For example, when a cell senses a limited supply of amino acids for building proteins, AAR will block signals that promote inflammation because inflamed tissues require lots of protein. (scienceblog.com)
  • These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)
  • The molecular events linking cell surface receptors to activation of ERKs are complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes. (springer.com)
  • SFs contain ultraconserved poison exon (PE) sequences that exhibit greater identity across species than nearby coding exons, but their physiological role and molecular regulation is incompletely understood. (mendeley.com)
  • We increased and decreased miR-720 expression using miR-720 mimic and inhibitor to identify the effect of miR-720 on insulin secretion in MIN6 cells, respectively. (researchsquare.com)
  • Then we used miR-720 mimic, miR-720 inhibitor and dual luciferase reporter gene assays to prove miR-720 regulate insulin secretion by targeting Rab35 in MIN6 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • miR-720 regulated insulin secretion by targeting Rab35 in MIN6 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Previous studies on the pathogenesis of T2D mainly focused on pancreatic β-cells function and insulin secretion regulation. (researchsquare.com)
  • In our previous study ( 16 ) , we found that Rab35 is closely related to the insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells, and Rab35 might be the target of miR-720 in pancreatic β cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • In pancreatic β-cells, the active of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels play an essential role in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). (lu.se)
  • We found that Wnt5a could activate regulated secretion of IL-6 and VEGF, dependent on cytoskeletal re-arrangements mediated via calcium signaling and Cdc42 activation. (lu.se)
  • During development, the blood vascular system arises from endothelial cell progenitors that differentiate from mesodermal cells, mostly through the expression of the transcription factor (TF) ETV2. (nature.com)
  • Activation of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and expression of blood vascular endothelial cell (BEC) markers, such as NRP1 and EphrinB2, further differentiate these precursor cells into BECs, which then form the hierarchical network of blood vessels 4 . (nature.com)
  • Moreover, the expression of C1QBP and XDH was lower in RCC tumors compared with the tumor-associated normal tissues, and their down-regulation was associated with higher Fuhrman grade. (medsci.org)
  • Objective: To evaluate the regulation and expression of CSF-1 and its receptor c-fms in endometrial cells. (uthscsa.edu)
  • We have also seen that glucocorticoids can regulate the expression of CSF-1/c-fms in endometrial cells. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Furthermore, ectopically expressed NPAS3 in PC12 cells produced parallel responses for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB (P65)] expression, which specifies that NPAS3 regulates VGF through the NF-κB signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • This valuable data study presents convincing data that expression of the C. elegans transcription factor NHR-67 is sufficient to drive an invasive fate, and that the alternative proliferative fate is associated with NHR-67 transcriptional down-regulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, the expression and function of PD-1 in colon cancer cells has not been reported. (jcancer.org)
  • We also demonstrated that high concentrations of C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression in colon cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • This shows that C. tropicalis promotes CRC progression via controlling the expression of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1. (jcancer.org)
  • Mechanistically, we found that C. tropicalis modulates the expression of PD-1 via increasing the autophagy traffic in colon cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression via enhancing tumor cells autophagy levels to promote CRC progression. (jcancer.org)
  • In addition, we overexpressed and silenced of Rab35 gene to detect the expression of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in MIN6 cells by RT-PCR and western blot. (researchsquare.com)
  • The RNA isoform repertoire is regulated by splicing factor (SF) expression, and alterations in SF levels are associated with disease. (mendeley.com)
  • We define sequences that regulate PE inclusion and protein expression of the oncogenic SF TRA2β using an RNA-targeting CRISPR screen. (mendeley.com)
  • i.p) or vehicle administered 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) on behavior, angiogenesis, ultra-structural integrity of brain capillary endothelial cells, and expression of EPO and VEGF were assessed. (researchgate.net)
  • Endoglin expression on cancer-associated fibroblasts regulates invasion and stimulates colorectal cancer metastasis. (viamedica.pl)
  • Over-expression of miR-155 significantly reversed the down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 by TPT in monocytes. (curehunter.com)
  • TPT up-regulated the expressions of SOCS1 and SHIP-1 in monocytes, but over-expressed miR-155 antagonized the effect of TPT on SHIP-1 while the expression of SOCS1 was not affected. (curehunter.com)
  • TPT suppressed the expression of miR-155 and up-regulated the release of SHIP-1, thus inhibiting the inflammatory response in the LPS-stimulated monocytes of RA patients. (curehunter.com)
  • Removal of senescent cells, which accumulated with chronological age in parallel to the decline in nerve density, rescued age-induced denervation, reversed Sema3a expression, preserved heart rate patterns, and reduced electrical instability. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. (lu.se)
  • Using toxin-induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
  • There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
  • 2000). We of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in models of have recently reported that this vector directs transgene expression to Parkinson's disease (Georgievska et al. (lu.se)
  • An aspect of gene delivery to the brain that is currently being regulate the endogenous GFAP expression in a lesioned brain. (lu.se)
  • We, developed is the ability to regulate transgene expression. (lu.se)
  • Materials and methods approach to regulate transgenic expression. (lu.se)
  • In vitro , the sprouting and migratory properties of primary endothelial cell cultures were reduced by inhibiting EZH2 through up-regulation of miR-101, siRNA-mediated knockdown of EZH2, or treatment with 3-Deazaneplanocin-A (DZNep), a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity. (plos.org)
  • We previously showed that VEGF signaling in primary endothelial cell cultures caused overexpression of VEGFR2 in a positive feed-forward loop, which is at least partly regulated by loss of miRNA-mediated control of VEGF receptor degradation. (plos.org)
  • Thereafter, a distinct subpopulation of endothelial cells lining the cardinal vein starts differentiating by expressing the TF PROX1, the master regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) identity, via the TFs SOX18 and COUPTFII. (nature.com)
  • By screening for endothelial-enriched lncRNAs, we identified the undescribed lncRNA NTRAS to control endothelial cell functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Silencing of NTRAS induces endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro and increases vascular permeability and lethality in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • ESL = endothelial cell surface layer (often referred to as the glycocalyx). (medscape.com)
  • Besides classical gene regulation, miRNAs have emerged as post-transcriptional regulators of angiogenesis. (plos.org)
  • Rab functions are accompanied by cyclical activation and inactivation of GTP-bound and GDP-bound forms between the cytosol and plasma membrane that are regulated by upstream regulators ( 15 ) . (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, mutual antagonism between two of these and other master regulators have been shown to regulate lineage determination. (lu.se)
  • A computational model of master regulators that are required for successful reprogramming the dynamics of this core network has revealed that it functions as of a differentiated cell into a cell exhibiting stem cell like a bistable switch, which in the on state, corresponds to all these properties. (lu.se)
  • Epigenetic regulation of Parkinson's disease risk variant GPNMB cg17274742 methylation by sex and exercise from Taiwan Biobank. (cdc.gov)
  • These pro-replication genes are regulated through GAS1 and PRMT5. (medindia.net)
  • They were found during a search for protein kinases that are rapidly phosphorylated after activation of cell surface tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, due to constitutive mTORC1 activation, these cells retained a terminally differentiated effector phenotype and were incapable of transitioning into a memory state. (jci.org)
  • While the observation that NHR-67 forms punctae associated with transcriptional repressors in non-invasive cells is intriguing, the work does not yet established a clear link between the formation and dissolution of NHR-67 condensates with the activation of downstream genes that NHR-67 is actively repressing. (elifesciences.org)
  • These observations suggest that neurotrophins regulate filopodial dynamics by depressing the activation of RhoA that occurs through p75 NTR signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • 1999 ) provided evidence that p75 NTR can regulate axon extension by signaling through the RhoA pathway, such that the unbound state of p75 NTR activates RhoA, whereas neurotrophin binding to p75 NTR terminates this mode of RhoA activation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Activation of Wnt5a signaling in melanoma cell lines resulted in a pro-tumorigenic effect by favoring aerobic glycolysis. (lu.se)
  • The thyroid produces hormones responsible for regulating the body's functions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Partial loss of eIF2B function makes it more difficult for the body's cells to regulate protein synthesis and deal with changing conditions and stress. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
  • It turns out that halofuginone (HF) triggers a stress-response pathway that blocks the development of a harmful class of immune cells, called Th17 cells, which have been implicated in many autoimmune disorders. (scienceblog.com)
  • Scientists have only recently appreciated the role of the nutrient sensing-AAR pathway in immune regulation and metabolic signaling. (scienceblog.com)
  • For the current study, the researchers investigated how HF activates the AAR pathway, looking at the most basic process that cells use to translate a gene's DNA code into the amino acid chain that makes up a protein. (scienceblog.com)
  • Scientists have identified that pancreatic cancer cells growth and spread are fueled by an unusual metabolic pathway that someday might be blocked with targeted drugs to control the deadly cancer. (medindia.net)
  • This study uncovered a new layer of regulation of pro-proliferative genes by menin via the Hedgehog signaling pathway," Hua says. (medindia.net)
  • Alcohol up-regulates TLR2 through a NO/cGMP dependent pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: Alcohol up-regulates TLR2 through a NO/cGMP/PKG dependent pathway in the airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein predicts symptom response to cognitive behavioral therapy among individuals with first-episode psychosis. (nih.gov)
  • The Rho family of GTPases regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (jneurosci.org)
  • 2003). The therapeutic effects of different genes delivered by ment of the hGFAP promoter used here has been extensively studied and lentiviral vectors have been documented in a number of animal found to be up-regulated after several different stimuli both in vitro and models, both in rodents and primates, and examples include delivery in vivo in transgenic mice (Brenner et al. (lu.se)
  • Gene regulation in developmental biology and the cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • Uptake of long chain fatty acids is regulated by dynamic interaction of FAT/CD36 with cholesterol/sphingolipid enriched microdomains (lipid rafts). (springer.com)
  • We already found that non-glycosylated AMPA-R is preferentially localized in lipid raft on the cell membrane and this localization has altered channel property, missing desensitization. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The herb may also reduce weight and regulate lipid and hormone profiles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that cell division and basement membrane invasion are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors. (elifesciences.org)
  • A growing body of evidence suggests that cell cycle progression and invasion through a basement membrane are mutually exclusive cellular behaviors in both development and disease states (reviewed in Kohrman and Matus, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • This release is based on exocytosis: The vesicle docks at the cell membrane, opens at the point of contact, releases part of its contents to the outside, closes, and separates from the plasma membrane so it can be refilled. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers found one zinc species near the cell membrane and a second in the interior of the cell. (news-medical.net)
  • The former is capable of binding to protein kinase C, an enzyme that binds to the membrane to regulate the speed of exocytosis. (news-medical.net)
  • Individuals with MEN1 are at a substantially increased risk of developing neuroendocrine tumors, including cancer of the pancreatic islet cells that secrete insulin. (medindia.net)
  • Aging is a recognized risk factor for T2D development, and the decline in pancreatic β-cell function is linked to genetic changes during aging. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we develop a pancreatic β-cell model through prolonged culturing of INS-1 832/13 cells. (lu.se)
  • Transcriptional Regulation. (nih.gov)
  • We propose a model in which association of NHR-67 with the Groucho/TCF complex suppresses the default invasive state in non-invasive cells, which complements transcriptional regulation to add robustness to the proliferative-invasive cellular switch in vivo . (elifesciences.org)
  • To further analyze neurotrophin regulation of growth cone behaviors, we examined the role of p75 NTR in regulating filopodial dynamics in peripheral and CNS neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Serotonin is widely studied for its effects on the brain ― it regulates the messaging between neurons, affecting sleep, mood, and memory. (medscape.com)
  • We studied the regulation of Shp by Vdr using reporter and mobility shift assays in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, quantitative polymerase chain reaction with mouse tissues and mouse and human hepatocytes, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with mouse liver. (nih.gov)
  • Cav-1 not only promoted tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model but also metastasis of the transformed cells to neighboring tissues. (oncotarget.com)
  • Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrient mineral elements for living organisms, as they regulate essential cellular processes, such as chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis (Fe, Cu, and Mn), respiration (Fe and Cu), and transcription (Zn). (frontiersin.org)
  • Qu J, Chen Q, Bing Z, Shen S, Hou Y, Lv M, Wang T. C. tropicalis promotes CRC by down-regulating tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 receptor via autophagy. (jcancer.org)
  • It is mainly expressed on mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes [ 7 , 8 ], and it can inhibit T cell function by binding with PD-L1 or PD-L2 ligand, which is mainly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, to induce immune tolerance and limit autoimmunity [ 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Here, we show that chronic (6-month) exposure of human lung epithelial cells to single-walled (SW) CNTs at the workplace-relevant concentration induced an emergence of lung CSCs, as indicated by the induction of CSC tumor spheres and side population (SP). (oncotarget.com)
  • The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)
  • Proper regulation of protein synthesis is vital for ensuring that the correct levels of protein are available for the cell to cope with changing conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ask for this information before getting treatment-even if the stem cells or exosomes are your own. (cdc.gov)
  • The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is a complex network system primarily comprising stromal cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoprogenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and cytokines. (techscience.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may represent targets for carcinogenic initiation by chemical and environmental agents. (oncotarget.com)
  • Evolving research in stem cells and cancer biology have provided strong evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various human solid tumors, including brain, breast, bone marrow, prostrate, colon, and lung [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Increasing evidence has shown that tumor heterogeneity is a result of the hierarchical organization of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are strongly associated with tumor relapse and metastasis. (nii.ac.jp)
  • At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
  • Herein, we show that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 have distinct roles in the generation of CD8 + T cell effector and memory populations. (jci.org)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In recent years, studies have shown that tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 plays different roles in the development of melanoma, Liver cancer and lung cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor is an immune checkpoint molecule that induces immune tolerance and mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. (jcancer.org)
  • In addition, we proved that colon cancer cell lines express PD-1 receptors. (jcancer.org)
  • A serotonin-containing nerve cell which is stimulated beyond a certain threshold 'fires,' releasing serotonin into the synapse, which then attaches to specialized sites on the 'receiving' nerve cell called 'receptors. (erowid.org)
  • all of these hormones' regulation is believed controlled, to some extent, by serotonin receptors in the brain. (erowid.org)
  • These results suggested that catalpol might contribute to infarcted-brain angiogenesis and ameliorate the edema of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) by upregulating VEGF and EPO coordinately. (researchgate.net)
  • We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. (nature.com)
  • The H + binds with hemoglobin in red blood cells and is released with oxygenation in the alveoli, at which time the reaction is reversed by another form of carbonic anhydrase, creating water (H 2 O), which is excreted by the kidneys, and CO 2 , which is exhaled in each breath. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Both vinY822F and vin −/− cells exhibit increased interaction between paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and increased paxillin and FAK phosphorylation. (rupress.org)
  • CDKN1C , or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C, is a gene that encodes a protein implicated in cell cycle regulation. (medscape.com)
  • Growth cone behaviors were not investigated in previous studies, and it is unknown whether neurotrophin-p75 NTR interactions regulate RhoA activity in growth cones. (jneurosci.org)
  • protein sorting and protein maturation by passage through the cytoplasmic organelles of the cell. (lu.se)
  • Knockdown of PD-1 enhanced SW480 viability in-vitro, while overexpression of PD-1 diminished cell viability. (jcancer.org)
  • In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miRNAs targeting NEK6 in COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • During mitosis, cells undergo symmetrical cell division, while oocyte meiotic maturation undergoes two consecutive, asymmetric divisions that generate a totipotent haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies not involved in DNA replication. (bioone.org)
  • Angiogenesis is a balanced process controlled by pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules of which the regulation is not fully understood. (plos.org)
  • As reported in the journal Angewandte Chemie, zinc changes the number of messenger molecules stored in vesicles and the dynamics of their release from the cell. (news-medical.net)
  • When signals are transmitted by synapses, messenger molecules (neurotransmitters) are released from storage chambers (synaptic vesicles) into the synaptic cleft, where they are "recognized" by neighboring nerve cells. (news-medical.net)
  • By applying an electrode tip to the surface of the cell, we can follow the opening of an individual vesicle and compute the number of molecules released," says Ewing. (news-medical.net)
  • Says Ewing: "The current transients allow us to determine how many transmitter molecules are contained in individual vesicles directly in the cytoplasm of the living cells. (news-medical.net)
  • The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
  • In this study, we first found that high concentrations of C. tropicalis promote tumor growth in cell cultures and xenografts. (jcancer.org)
  • CO 2 concentrations can be finely controlled by alveolar ventilation, and H + and HCO 3 − concentrations can be finely regulated by renal excretion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In order to investigate this phenomenon more closely, the cells were stripped down layer by layer from the outside in and were analyzed by mass spectrometry. (news-medical.net)
  • Moreover, blocking antibody against PD-1 promotes tumor growth both in SW480 cells and mice CRC xenografts in an adaptive immune-independent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • It is mainly expressed in immune cells such as T cells, B cells and monocytes. (jcancer.org)
  • Triptolide inhibits the inflammatory response of monocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients by regulating miR-155]. (curehunter.com)
  • To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide ( TPT ) by regulating miR-155 in monocytes pre-stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. (curehunter.com)
  • Monocytes were isolated by CD14⁺ magnetic beads from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RA and stimulated by LPS for 24 hours. (curehunter.com)
  • Altogether, by identifying a pro-angiogenic VEGF/miR-101/EZH2 axis in endothelial cells we provide evidence for a functional link between growth factor-mediated signaling, post-transcriptional silencing, and histone-methylation in the angiogenesis process. (plos.org)
  • Different subcellular compartments are suggested to be linked through complex retrograde signaling networks to regulate cellular metal homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
  • TNF-α and IL-6 expressions in the cell culture supernatants were detected by ELISA and the expressions of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) and Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) were tested by Western blotting. (curehunter.com)