• Products from 770 different genes were identified, and the types of proteins represented are discussed in terms of their annotated functional classes. (nih.gov)
  • The obvious next step is to integrate this information and learn how genes, proteins, and/or epigenetic factors influence the phenotype of a disease in context of the system. (rsc.org)
  • In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)
  • There were 3954 correlations and a total of 15 correlations for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from proteomics and transcriptomics. (hindawi.com)
  • The protein products of these genes are thought to act cooperatively in a pathway, the FA-BRCA pathway, to repair DNA damage and prevent cellular transformation. (uri.edu)
  • In this work, we present a different paradigm for predicting miRNA-regulated genes based on the encoded proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • The team identified changes that altered how RNA and proteins were made from crucial cancer-associated genes. (afmissileers.org)
  • Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
  • Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function ( CCR7 , CD27 , IL7R , CAMK4 , CD28 ), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins ( MRPS27 , MRPS9 , MRPS31 ), and DNA replication and repair ( WRN ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, writing such summaries is a daunting task, given the number of genes in each organism (e.g. 13,929 protein coding genes in Drosophila melanogaster). (stanford.edu)
  • and "As many as 100,000 distinct isoform transcripts could be produced from the 20,000 human protein-coding genes (Pan et al. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Widespread Expansion of Protein Interaction Capabilities by Alternative Splicing - 2016 In Brief Alternatively spliced isoforms of proteins exhibit strikingly different interaction profiles and thus, in the context of global interactome networks, appear to behave as if encoded by distinct genes rather than as minor variants of each other. (uncommondescent.com)
  • This suggests that variants of other genes and proteins may also be involved in providing protection. (elifesciences.org)
  • Over the past decade, it has been well established that PXR functions as a master-regulator of xenobiotic- and drug-inducible expression and activity of numerous genes that encode key members of the phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes, as well as several membrane transporter proteins. (ku.edu)
  • At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
  • Below is a non-exhaustive list of in-house infrastructures that are categorized into three overarching themes: bio-imaging, proteins, genes & cells and other resources. (lu.se)
  • In addition to infrastructures for bioimaging, protein and genes & cells, we also provide other resources e.g., databases, networks and specialized labs. (lu.se)
  • Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • 1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
  • But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • 4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
  • From initial studies on human Hu proteins, we anticipate that altering phosphorylation will impact dramatically on ELAV function and will generate neurological phenotypes. (findaphd.com)
  • To obtain mechanistic insights into how phosphorylation impacts on alternative splicing regulation we will combine available structural information for molecular modelling of ELAV multimerization and RNA binding to instruct experimental validation. (findaphd.com)
  • Regulation of proteins through post-translational modifications, including reversible phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, the phosphorylation modification of FUNDC1 affects its binding affinity for LC3B and regulates selective mitophagy. (rcsb.org)
  • Therefore, our structural and biochemical results reveal a working model for the specific recognition of FUNDC1 by LC3B and imply that the reversible phosphorylation modification of mitophagy receptors may be a switch for selective mitophagy. (rcsb.org)
  • Molecular features of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) regulation by C-terminal phosphorylation. (bu.edu)
  • Protein phosphorylation is a signalling mechanism that regulates most aspects of cellular life, and protein kinases, which carry out this post-translational modification, constitute the largest family of enzymes encoded by the human genome. (lu.se)
  • An overall aim of our research is to study the regulation and function of protein phosphorylation cascades with relevance to type 2 diabetes, with a particular focus on adipose tissue, since this tissue is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. (lu.se)
  • Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)
  • Post-translational modifications of Wnts regulate their function. (silverchair.com)
  • Various modifications cooperate to regulate FoXO1 activity and FoXO1 target gene transcription. (scienceopen.com)
  • In this review, we summarize how different post-translational modifications regulate FoXO1 physiological function, which may provide new insights for drug design and development. (scienceopen.com)
  • We use chemical, semi-synthetic, biophysical, and cellular approaches to elucidate mechanisms for how post-translational modifications regulate protein function. (bu.edu)
  • Liver-enriched nuclear receptor (NR) proteins regulate the expression and activity of several pivotal hepatic biochemical pathways including the uptake, metabolism and excretion of cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, and xenobiotic compounds from the body. (ku.edu)
  • RATIONALE: Post-translational modification of histone proteins are major mechanisms that modify chromatin structure and regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. (cdc.gov)
  • Protein crowding induces membrane curvatures through an entropic mechanism. (portlandpress.com)
  • Negative regulation of constitutive GSNOR activity in vivo by nitrosative or oxidative modifications might present an important mechanism to control GSNO levels, a critical mediator of the downstream signalling effects of NO, as well as for formaldehyde detoxification in dehydrogenase reaction mode. (muni.cz)
  • However, the structural basis of this regulation mechanism remains unclear. (rcsb.org)
  • This project proposes building an in silico model of the cell including all these molecules and their interactions by adding several until now unconnected layers of information to address the topological characterization and comparison of several types of protein post-translational modifications, the major mechanism by which protein function is regulated in eukaryotes. (europa.eu)
  • We are studying the biosynthesis mechanism of sulfur-modification and its regulation mechanisms in order to develop new drugs. (go.jp)
  • A recent study from the Wilkens lab in collaboration with Seoul National University uncovered a novel mechanism of yeast V-ATPase regulation based on biochemical experiments and cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of holo V-ATPase and Oxr1 bound V 1 subcomplex. (upstate.edu)
  • For example, some favorite modifications can lead to the protein being degraded which provides a mechanism to get rid of proteins which cause disease. (upenn.edu)
  • The mechanism (s) of this regulation will be an area of future investigation. (cdc.gov)
  • There is also strong support for a mechanism of action for nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis in which inhaled formaldehyde causes DNA-protein crosslinks in nasopharyngeal tissue. (who.int)
  • More generally, bioinformatics analyses have shown that ~15% of all phosphorylated residues are buried in the non-phosphorylated state, suggesting that transient exposure might be a general mechanism involved in protein regulation. (lu.se)
  • Post-translational modifications of histone proteins play a pivotal role in DNA packaging and regulation of genome functions. (sdbonline.org)
  • In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the small intestine, suggesting the mTORC1-histone axis is at least partially conserved in mammals and may offer new targets for anti-ageing interventions. (sdbonline.org)
  • GSNOR indirectly regulates the level of protein S-nitrosothiol in the cells. (muni.cz)
  • For example, alkaline vacuole/lysosome are deficient in autophagy, Golgi pH regulates its ability to glycosylate proteins and failure to maintain endosomal pH perturbs with its ability to recycle receptors to the Plasma membrane or, the trans-Golgi. (upstate.edu)
  • A third paper examined patterns of DNA methylation, a type of reversible modification that regulates gene activity. (afmissileers.org)
  • CONCLUSION: These data suggest that chromatin remodeling regulates organic dust-induced IL-6 and IL-8 protein production. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of modification by N-acetylation, adenylylation and proteolytic processing were characterized using mass spectrometry. (nih.gov)
  • By physically restraining bound molecules against an antibody array, they capture both transient interactions, which yeast two-hybrid or tandem mass spectrometry methods don't, and weak interactions, which are usually obliterated by the wash in protein-DNA microarrays. (genomeweb.com)
  • Analytical methods such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy allow our team to study metabolic consequences of altered energy and protein metabolism. (mayo.edu)
  • Post-translational modifications, especially carbonylation and deamidation, also are studied by mass spectrometry. (mayo.edu)
  • Here we identify valosin-containing protein (VCP) as a regulator of p53-R273H by conducting immunoprecipitation-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Mass spectrometry combined with database searching is today the preferred method for protein identification. (lu.se)
  • With the help of various forms of mass spectrometry, synchrotron radiation, protein production & labelling, and bioinformatics, our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure and dynamics, molecular probes and drug design. (lu.se)
  • Co-translational and post-translational covalent modifications enable proteins to develop higher levels of complexity in cellular function, further adding diversity to the proteome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Features such as the transcriptome, methylome, proteome, histone post-translational modifications and the microbiome all influence the host response to various diseases and cancers. (rsc.org)
  • The latter facilitates the simultaneous use of two orthogonal split inteins within the same peptide or protein, an approach termed tandem protein trans-splicing (tPTS). (biorxiv.org)
  • The hydrolysis process breaks the peptide bonds, converting proteins into their constituent amino acids. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The strategy therefore promises reliable automated user- independent protein identification using peptide mass fingerprints. (lu.se)
  • The standard experiment is to separate the proteins, e.g. by 2D gel electrophoresis, digest the proteins with a highly specific enzyme, measure the masses of the peptide fragments with a mass spectrometer (typically a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer) and then compare the peptide monoisotopic masses with expected monoisotopic masses from a database (protein or DNA database). (lu.se)
  • Proteins from both primary and certain secondary metabolic pathways are strongly represented on the map, and a number of these enzymes were identified at more than one two-dimensional gel location. (nih.gov)
  • The human mind acetylome reveals that decreased acetylation of mitochondrial proteins associates with Alzheimer's illness Metabolic modifications that correlate to cognitive modifications are well-known in AD. (proteomicsresource.org)
  • The course extends the knowledge of biochemistry acquired in the course Biochemistry I and deals with integration of biochemical processes in human body.Upon completion of this course the student should understand: biochemical processes characteristic for individual organs and tissues and principles of their regulation, metabolic interrelationships between metabolism of nutrients under various conditions in organism, principles of maintenance of homeostasis and acid-base equilibrium in the body. (muni.cz)
  • This protein is found in a cellular compartment called the mitochondria, which is responsible for supplying energy to the rest of the cell and therefore plays an important role in metabolic processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • These findings provide the first evidence of a protein variant that is responsible for protecting cells during the metabolic stress conditions caused by hibernation. (elifesciences.org)
  • could be used to identify and study other proteins that increase resilience to metabolic stress. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we present a new approach to incorporate single or multiple post-translational modifications or non-canonical amino acids into soluble and membrane proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, despite recent technical achievements 1 , 2 , the type of chemical modification that can be accomplished by genetic means (e.g. amber codon suppression) is limited to incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) due to the tolerance of the cell's translational machinery. (biorxiv.org)
  • Protein amino acid analysis is a technique for determining the type and amounts of amino acids in a protein sample, providing information on protein composition, post-translational modifications and overall protein quality. (pharmiweb.com)
  • IEC, HPLC or CE) and detection methods described above to identify and quantify amino acids in protein samples. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Can detect specific amino acids based on unique absorbance spectra, thus providing valuable information about the concentration of amino acids in protein samples. (pharmiweb.com)
  • This involves protein extraction from the biological sample of interest, followed by protein denaturation to break down the tertiary structure and expose the amino acids. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Once the protein is denatured, it needs to be hydrolyzed to release individual amino acids. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Using a gene editing tool to selectively substitute some of the building blocks, also known as amino acids, that make up the ATP5G1 protein revealed that improvements to the mitochondria were caused by switching specific amino acids. (elifesciences.org)
  • Post-translational modification mechanisms may therefore play a significant role in the regulation of these pathways. (nih.gov)
  • This framework will lead to elucidate specific mechanisms of regulation for each type of post-translational modification and be able to make functional prediction the molecules participating by finding similar motifs in uncharacterized events. (europa.eu)
  • Studies on the mechanisms and functions of O-GlcNAcylation and its links to metabolism reveal the importance of this modification in the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis. (scienceopen.com)
  • The mission of our lab is to understand the basic biological mechanisms of proteins that are essential to human health and disease. (bu.edu)
  • For the changes in post-translational modifications observed, structural mechanisms were proposed to explain alterations in the DNA-histone affinity in the nucleosome, which can modulate gene expression. (umd.edu)
  • Myristoylation allows for weak protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions and plays an essential role in membrane targeting, protein-protein interactions and functions widely in a variety of signal transduction pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The basic patch allows for favorable electrostatic interactions to occur between the negatively charged phospholipid heads of the membrane and the positive surface of the associating protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Selective microfluidics-based ligand enrichment followed by sequencing, or SMiLE-seq, combines antibody arrays, mechanical trapping, and next-generation sequencing readouts to provide a new platform for characterizing DNA-protein interactions. (genomeweb.com)
  • That year, the two published a paper in Science describing a method to trap low-affinity DNA-protein interactions, specifically those of transcription factors. (genomeweb.com)
  • The study of the composition of such a complex network including not only the description of their elements but also the structure of their relationships, i.e. its topology, was previously used to extract important elements (e.g. hubs proteins) and to find recurrent circuits that characterize regulatory events (e.g. feedforward loops) using mainly protein-protein interactions networks. (europa.eu)
  • It is a comprehensive science focusing on translational changes, posttranslational modifications, and interactions among protein molecules. (hindawi.com)
  • As the assembly was carried out in the absence of ATP, this suggests that formation of the holoenzyme from the individual subcomplexes is solely driven by protein-protein interactions at the interface. (upstate.edu)
  • Unlike reversible disassembly, which requires ATP hydrolysis on V 1 to break protein-protein interactions, Oxr1p mediated disassembly of V-ATPase is ATP independent and therefore a novel mode of activity regulation. (upstate.edu)
  • Specifically, we are interested in post-translational modifications, changes to a protein after it's produced, which add an incredible level of diversity to the underlying proteins within a cell and can control a diverse array of processes, including protein stability, interactions, and activity. (upenn.edu)
  • Similarly, the PXR protein also forms the molecular basis of an important class of drug-drug interactions in the clinical setting. (ku.edu)
  • Our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure, molecular probes and drug design, system biology and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. (lu.se)
  • We mostly used molecular mechanics (MM) in order to model the protein-ligand interactions, which is more approximate than quantum-mechanical (QM) methods, but necessary to reduce the computational cost when doing calculations on protein-ligand systems, which often contain tens of thousand of atoms. (lu.se)
  • The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)
  • We thus sought to complement these approaches with a method that could incorporate synthetic peptides carrying multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) or ncAAs into both cytosolic and membrane proteins in live eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • We are also interested in advancing new chemical strategies to investigate PTMs and protein function. (bu.edu)
  • Our work will shed light on the mechanistic consequence of PTMs, and how dysregulation of these proteins may lead to disease. (bu.edu)
  • The AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) valosin-containing protein (VCP), is essential for many cellular pathways including but not limited to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), DNA damage responses, and cell cycle regulation. (portlandpress.com)
  • VCP primarily identifies ubiquitylated proteins in these pathways and mediates their unfolding and degradation by the 26S proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
  • Valosin-containing protein (VCP, also p97, or Cdc48p in yeast) is an evolutionarily conserved, homo-hexameric, ubiquitin-selective, AAA-ATPase that functions in numerous ubiquitin-dependent protein quality control pathways. (portlandpress.com)
  • Due to its abundance and versatile function, VCP participates in many cellular pathways including ERAD, endolysosomal trafficking, selective autophagy, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage signaling [ 1 ]. (portlandpress.com)
  • Recent multi-omics studies have revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor features such as their genetic mutations, transcriptome, proteins, and signaling pathways. (rsc.org)
  • Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ), Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and Wnt signalling pathways. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
  • Fun14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1) was reported to be a new receptor for hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells and interact with microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta (LC3B) through its LC3 interaction region (LIR). (rcsb.org)
  • By restraining mammalian forkhead proteins, SIRT1 also reduces forkhead-dependent apoptosis. (scienceopen.com)
  • Finally, detailed protocols for purification of mammalian proteins necessary to perform in vitro SUMOylation reactions are presented. (ku.edu)
  • However, there are no studies that address these questions in a realistic picture of the cell where not only proteins are present but also other elements involved in cell regulation such as DNA, RNA, chemicals or other metabolites. (europa.eu)
  • This technique has frequently been applied to animal tissue slices for the purpose to map proteins, peptides , lipids, sugars or small metabolites to find disease specific bio-markers or to study drag metabolism. (go.jp)
  • In ProMetheus , we have established untargeted and targeted measurement of proteins and metabolites, metaproteomics, and novel data evaluation workflows for in-house and external use. (ufz.de)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Forkhead box protein O1 (FoXO1) is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological process including glucose metabolism, lipogenesis, bone mass, apoptosis, and autophagy. (scienceopen.com)
  • Metabolism is usually linked to useful modifications in proteins by post-translational modifications. (proteomicsresource.org)
  • Studies on post-translational modification of PXR indicate how this protein is converted from a positive regulator in drug metabolism into a transcriptional repressor in inflammatory response. (ku.edu)
  • This study was focused on the dynamic regulation of the activity of plant GSNORs through reversible S-nitrosation and/or oxidative modifications of target cysteine residues. (muni.cz)
  • We are combining the rapid genome editing capability afforded by CRISPR/Cas9 with advanced knowledge of protein chemistry to engineer robust molecular tools capable of selectively targeting individual proteins for desired functional modulation in cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Much of our work involves the use of stable isotope tracers to label proteins in vivo and study synthesis and accumulation of individual proteins. (mayo.edu)
  • protein ubiquitination. (ucsc.edu)
  • A central step in the regulation of the activation of the FA-BRCA pathway is the mono-ubiquitination of the FANCD2 (and FANCI) proteins. (uri.edu)
  • The ubiquitination pathway plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis both in normal and stressed conditions and its dysregulation has been associated with malignant transformation and invasive potential of tumor cells, thus highlighting its value as a potential therapeutic target. (nature.com)
  • 2) a study of the SUMOylation and ubiquitination of PXR protein. (ku.edu)
  • Data presented here reveal that activation of the inflammatory response modulates the SUMOylation and ubiquitination status of ligand-bound PXR protein. (ku.edu)
  • The SUMOylation and ubiquitination of the PXR protein functions to feedback-repress the inflammatory and xenobiotic responses, respectively. (ku.edu)
  • The regulation of PP2A is mainly accomplished by the identity of the regulatory B-type subunit, which determines substrate specificity, subcellular localization and catalytic activity of the PP2A holoenzyme. (ac.be)
  • One of the most common functions of the myristoyl group is in membrane association and cellular localization of the modified protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This allows tighter association and directed localization of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • This dissertation details the development and optimization of unique protein standards for quantification, called quantification concatamers, for the absolute quantification of histone deacetylase isoforms in human frontal cortex with AD, human neural retina with AD and age-related macular degeneration, and whole brain hemisphere of a 5XFAD mouse model of AD. (umd.edu)
  • In addition to measuring isoforms of histone-modifying enzymes, measurements of post-translational modifications on histones were also obtained for whole hemispheres of brain from 5XFAD mice and frontal cortex from human donors affected with AD. (umd.edu)
  • Alternative splicing of the primary transcript gives rise to the 2 mRNA and protein isoforms, hGR-alpha and hGR-beta. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Nair's research team also investigates the impact of various interventions on the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. (mayo.edu)
  • This modification can be added either co-translationally or post-translationally. (wikipedia.org)
  • Semi-synthetic approaches offer an alternative means to manipulate proteins post-translationally, but these modifications have typically been performed in vitro 3 - 8 . (biorxiv.org)
  • In the past, most of the attention was focused primarily on protein kinases and on their regulation, mainly because phosphatases were then viewed as simple housekeeping enzymes. (ac.be)
  • The reversion or modification of poly-ubiquitin chains is carried out by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) 15 . (nature.com)
  • Histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) proteins are conserved enzymes that modify histones by acetylating lysine residues. (sdbonline.org)
  • These include proteins associated with the sarcolemma (see image below), proteins associated with the contractile apparatus (see image below), and various enzymes involved in muscle function. (medscape.com)
  • In drug discovery, it is of utmost importance to accurately calculate the free energies of binding ligands to various protein targets, such as enzymes and receptors. (lu.se)
  • More recently, the concept of lysosomal storage disease has been expanded to include deficiencies or defects in proteins necessary for the normal post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes (which themselves are often glycoproteins), activator proteins, or proteins important for proper intracellular trafficking between the lysosome and other intracellular compartments. (medscape.com)
  • VCP interacts with adaptor proteins to identify ubiquitylated substrates for degradation by the proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
  • ELAV/Hu proteins are gene-specific regulators of alternative splicing of mRNAs, but can also affect other aspects of the maturation of an mRNA and its cytoplasmic expression into a protein. (findaphd.com)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • The chemical properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) allow them to participate in integrating the perception of external signals by fine-tuning protein redox regulation and signal transduction, triggering specific gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • We have also carried out an in silico analysis of different redox-dependent modifications of ion channels/transporters and identified cysteine and tyrosine targets of nitric oxide in metal transporters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) serve as key regulators for redox-related modifications and participate in autophagy/mitophagy modulation in MS. Nitric oxide (â ¢NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), two representative RNS, could nitrate or nitrosate Drp1/parkin/PINK1 pathway, activating excessive mitophagy and aggravating neuronal injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • Because the approach can introduce virtually any chemical modification into both intracellular and extracellular regions of target proteins, we anticipate that it will overcome some of the drawbacks of other semi-synthetic or ribosome-dependent methods to engineer proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • ELAV/Hu proteins comprise a family of highly conserved neuronal RNA binding proteins important for the development of the nervous system and for neuronal functions. (findaphd.com)
  • Oxr1p belongs to the group of TLDc domain containing proteins that are highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. (upstate.edu)
  • The technology we have described to rapidly produce endogenous reporter systems using CRISPR/Cas9 can be readily applied to study the regulation of transcription of any gene. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Bacteria often can't support over-expression needed to get workable quantities of protein for an assay, and in vitro expression often can't synthesize a fully functional transcription factor. (genomeweb.com)
  • Transcriptomics focuses on gene transcription and regulation of transcription in cells [ 25 , 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The significance of the regulation of transcription by acetylation is properly documented. (proteomicsresource.org)
  • The top three clusters from modules more highly expressed in the PP cows all involved regulation of gene transcription, particularly zinc fingers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The AF-1 plays an important role in the interaction of the receptor with molecules necessary for the initiation of transcription, such as coactivators, chromatin modulators, and basal transcription factors, including RNA polymerase II, TATA-binding protein (TBP), and a host of TBP-associated proteins (TAFIIs). (medscape.com)
  • Functional interaction between the Fanconi anemia D2 protein PCNA via a conserved PCNA-interaction motif. (uri.edu)
  • Forkhead Box Protein O1: Functional Diversity and Post-Translational Modification, a New Therapeutic Target? (scienceopen.com)
  • Pan-Cancer Proteogenomics Connects Oncogenic Drivers to Functional States (link is external) " and " Pan-Cancer Analysis of Post-Translational Modifications Reveals Shared Patterns of Protein Regulation (link is external) " appear August 14 in Cell . (afmissileers.org)
  • Functional states of the sodium channel (closed, open, and inactivated) and their structure help to understand the cardiac regulation processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The functional domains and subdomains are indicated beneath the linearized protein structures. (medscape.com)
  • Wnts have a unique post-translational modification, O-linked palmitoleation, that is absolutely required for their function. (silverchair.com)
  • Although intracellular signal transduction is often portrayed as a protein kinase 'domino effect', the counterbalancing function of phosphatases, and thus the control of phosphatase activity, is equally relevant to proper regulation of cellular function. (ac.be)
  • Myristoylation not only diversifies the function of a protein, but also adds layers of regulation to it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Delineating the molecular function and regulation of PAWS1 in cells, development and cancer is one of the key goals of the lab. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • PAWS1 is a member of the poorly characterised FAM83 family of proteins that are linked through the conserved DUF1669 domain of unknown function, which possesses a pseudo-Phospholipase D catalytic motif. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • We aim to understand how the DUF1669 domain controls the function of the FAM83 family of proteins in their potentially diverse cellular roles. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Manipulation of proteins by chemical modification is a powerful way to decipher their function or harness that function for therapeutic purposes. (biorxiv.org)
  • We insert synthetic peptides into proteins of interest via tandem protein trans-splicing using two orthogonal split intein pairs and validate our approach by investigating different aspects of GFP, Na V 1.5 and P2X2 receptor function. (biorxiv.org)
  • Chemical or genetic engineering of proteins provides great potential to study protein function and pharmacology or to generate proteins with novel properties. (biorxiv.org)
  • We conclude that protein function is informative across species in predicting post-transcriptional miRNA regulation in living cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • TtuB possesses ubiquitin-like structure and also function as post-translational modifier of many proteins [Fig. 2]. (go.jp)
  • Another paper examined how protein modifications, called post-translational modifications, affect cell function. (afmissileers.org)
  • Our lab focuses on investigating the structure, function, and regulation of proteins involved in cell signaling, epigenetics, and gene regulation. (bu.edu)
  • Our current focus is on understanding the function and regulation of deubiquitinases and RNA-modifying proteins, which are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets in several cancers. (bu.edu)
  • Specific protein function and abnormalities are discussed below with each LGMD. (medscape.com)
  • KEGG pathway enrichment correlation revealed that protein digestion and absorption (Ko04974), proximal tubule bicarbonate (Ko04964), and bile secretion (Ko04976) played important roles in Na + /H + and Na + /K + exchange. (hindawi.com)
  • Regulation of the activation of the Fanconi anemia pathway by the p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. (uri.edu)
  • The Fanconi anemia pathway is required for the DNA replication stress response and the regulation of common fragile site stability. (uri.edu)
  • Elevated expression of H3/H4 in intestinal enterocytes in Drosophila alters chromatin organization, induces intestinal autophagy through transcriptional regulation, prevents age-related decline in the intestine. (sdbonline.org)
  • Post-transcriptional regulation in multicellular organisms is mediated by microRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Post-transcriptional modification is one of the characteristic features of RNA. (go.jp)
  • Here, we update and summarize progress in understanding the mechanistic basis of ROS and RNS production at the subcellular level in plants and their role in the regulation of ion channels/transporters at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, insertion of multiple chemical modifications by genetic code expansion remains a challenge, particularly in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • This regulation appears to be in the opposite direction from the genetic interaction of SIR2 with forkhead in C. elegans. (scienceopen.com)
  • Dynamic cellular events beyond genetic encodings, such as epigenetics, and intermolecular protein interaction, play critical roles in dictating cellular functions. (go.jp)
  • Evolution of genetic architecture and gene regulation in biphenyl/PCB-degrading bacteria. (go.jp)
  • These articles demonstrate the impact of studying both the genetic and protein-related aspects of cancer, and they show how scientists from different fields can work together," says Dr. Ana I. Robles, Program Director at NCI's Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics. (afmissileers.org)
  • Examining the genetic code of these resilient cells revealed that Arctic ground squirrels may have a variant form of a protein called ATP5G1. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, in the mid 1990s, other proteins were also found to accumulate in the abnormal muscle fibers, and molecular genetic studies revealed several chromosomal loci. (medscape.com)
  • In this review, we discuss considerations of the study design for each data feature, the limitations in gene and protein abundance and their rate of expression, the current data integration methods, and microbiome influences on gene and protein expression. (rsc.org)
  • Aberrant regulation of their activity or expression results in a range of neurological phenotypes including learning deficits, epilepsy, synaptic growth defects and neurodegeneration in model organisms. (findaphd.com)
  • Indeed, most live cell applications of PTS utilize single split inteins for the purpose of N/C-terminal tagging 16 - 18 or manipulating protein assembly/expression 19 , 20 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Proteomics is a new science direction that explores biological activity related to protein expression [ 28 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • FoXO1 activity is regulated in response to different physiological or pathogenic conditions by changes in protein expression and post-translational modifications. (scienceopen.com)
  • Protein Expression and Purif. (bu.edu)
  • A second group of methods, which includes DNA microarrays and proteomics, have advantages that overcome the limitations implicit in signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, namely, the ability to directly measure expression (gene or protein) levels on a true genome-wide scale, but their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Histone post-translational modifications have been implicated in many biological functions and diseases and serve an important role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. (umd.edu)
  • An integrated model is emerging to reveal a key role for the post-translational modification of PXR in the selective suppression of gene expression, and is opening the door to the study of completely new modes of PXR-mediated gene regulation. (ku.edu)
  • Synthesis and post-translational modifications of collagen, intermolecular crosslinks in collagen and elastin, proteoglycans. (muni.cz)
  • Aberrant modulations in histone post-translational have been suggested to occur in the brain as part of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, consistent with the epigenetic blockade of neurodegeneration. (umd.edu)
  • The Perelman School of Medicine (PSOM) has announced the establishment of the Penn Institute for Structural Biology (ISB) , which will be led by Dr. Vera Moiseenkova-Bell , Professor in the Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and Secondary faculty in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. (upenn.edu)
  • The team identified shared patterns of protein regulation involved in cancer processes across different tumor types. (afmissileers.org)
  • Crowding of asymmetric proteins results in an asymmetric lateral pressure across the membrane which can be used by cells in a number of biological processes involving membrane remodeling. (portlandpress.com)
  • A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. (bvsalud.org)
  • In humans, ELAV/Hu proteins have been associated with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. (findaphd.com)
  • Les nouvelles avancées sur le sujet, particulièrement sur la structure et la régulation basée sur des modifications post-traductionnelles de PP2A, soulignent bien l'importance de la composition de l'holoenzyme PP2A dans les multiples rôles de cette enzyme majeure. (ac.be)
  • 2 Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a very abundant - it accounts for as much as 1% of total cellular proteins - ubiquitous and remarkably conserved enzyme. (ac.be)
  • 3 This article will review the recent advances in the structure and regulation of this fascinating enzyme. (ac.be)
  • The enzyme N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) or glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase is responsible for the irreversible addition of a myristoyl group to N-terminal or internal glycine residues of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, we compared how MD and grand-canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) can be used to assess dynamics and thermodynamics of protein-ligand binding for both buried and solvent-exposed binding sites. (lu.se)
  • In doing so, we might reveal how DUBs like OTUB1 are directed to selective targets through recognition of specific post-translational modifications on targets. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a widely expressed family of protein phosphatases made of a core dimer, composed of a catalytic (C) subunit and a structural (A) subunit, in association with a third variable regulatory (B) subunit. (ac.be)
  • Many cellular proteins are reversibly modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties on Ser and Thr residues. (scienceopen.com)
  • Notably, the first two post-translational modifications, which are required for the initial activation of these complexes, occur on solvent inaccessible (i.e., buried) tyrosine residues. (lu.se)
  • Similarly, some myristoylated proteins are activated not by a designated ligand, but by the exchange of GDP for GTP by guanine nucleotide exchange factors in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell motility is a complex process that requires post-translational regulation of a wide variety of proteins. (nature.com)
  • From our screen, we identified the Ubiquitin-specific protease 19 (USP19) as a candidate gene associated with the regulation of cell migration. (nature.com)
  • Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) lacking a fixed three-dimensional protein structure are widespread and play a central role in cell regulation. (iucr.org)
  • RESULTS: We report here the surprising observation that treatment of a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B cells, with the inhibitor histone deacetylase, trichostatin A, or the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, anacardic acid, strongly inhibited induction of both IL-6 and IL-8 protein upon stimulation with organic dust. (cdc.gov)
  • This is unsatisfying since strong spectra are often produced by high abundant proteins, which typically represent the bulk of the cell activity. (lu.se)
  • Post-translational myristoylation typically occurs following a caspase cleavage event, resulting in the exposure of an internal glycine residue, which is then available for myristic acid addition. (wikipedia.org)
  • How this important post-translational modification step is regulated is poorly understood. (uri.edu)
  • The cryo-EM analysis also revealed a population of free V 1 bound to Oxidation Resistance 1 (Oxr1p), a poorly characterized protein that has been implicated in protecting cells from oxidative stress. (upstate.edu)
  • shown in red), a poorly characterized protein implicated in oxidative stress response. (upstate.edu)