• A neoblast is a non-differentiated cell found in planarians and are responsible for regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regeneration research using planarians began in the late 1800s and was popularized by T.H. Morgan at the beginning of the 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alejandro Sanchez-Alvarado and Philip Newmark transformed planarians into a model genetic organism in the beginning of the 20th century to study the molecular mechanisms underlying regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrate Akt signaling is essential for organismal physiology and in late stages of the Akt phenotype the reduction in neoblast numbers may impair regeneration in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the roles of rapamycin in the regulation of planarian regeneration remain to be elucidated. (bvsalud.org)
  • A) Intact planarian / (B) Planarian immediately after amputation / (C,D) Regenerated fragments after 5 days of regeneration. (hku.hk)
  • This collagen plays an important role in regulating how stem cells divide or change in the planarian, crucial to its regenerative capacity and can improve our understanding of human tissue regeneration. (hku.hk)
  • Since our current understanding of how to regenerate tissues and organs in humans is still limited, deciphering how planarians utilise Collagen IV to keep high potency stem cells in an adult worm, which mammals cannot do, paves the way towards unlocking the mystery and wonders of tissue regeneration in humans. (hku.hk)
  • Planarians have emerged as excellent models for the study of key biological processes such as stem cell function and regulation, axial polarity specification, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis among others. (stowers.org)
  • Novel monoclonal antibodies to study tissue regeneration in planarians. (ca.gov)
  • Planarians are an attractive model organism for studying stem cell-based regeneration due to their ability to replace all of their tissues from a population of adult stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • Thus, additional, easy-to-use, and widely available monoclonal antibodies would be advantageous to study regeneration in planarians.ResultsWe have created seven monoclonal antibodies by inoculating mice with formaldehyde-fixed cells isolated from dissociated 3-day regeneration blastemas. (ca.gov)
  • Our findings abrogating Smed-Akt with RNA-interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea led to a gradual decrease in stem cell (neoblasts) numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, we sought to investigate Akt function during cellular turnover and injury using the planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study from Bayreuth focuses on Schmidtea mediterranea, the planarian model species that is best studied. (bionity.com)
  • Our results indicate that the microbiome of the invertebrate Schmidtea mediterranea, a freshwater planarian, is affected by AgNP exposure at the tested 10 µg/ml concentration. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2007, the Schmidtea mediterranea Genome Database (SmedGD) was first released to provide a much needed resource for the small, but growing planarian community. (stowers.org)
  • We address these and related questions using the planarian, Schmidtea mediterranea, as a model, combining high-throughput in situ hybridization screens to identify cell type-specific markers, with transcriptomic analyses and functional studies using double-stranded RNA-mediated genetic interference (RNAi) planarian testes lobes. (wisc.edu)
  • Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SmedGD 2.0 (http://smedgd.stowers.org) not only provides significantly improved gene annotations, but also tools for data sharing, attributes that will help both the planarian and biomedical communities to more efficiently mine the genomics and transcriptomics of S. mediterranea. (stowers.org)
  • Neoblasts (ˈniːəʊˌblæst) are non-differentiated cells found in flatworms called planarians. (wikipedia.org)
  • Planarians are flatworms with the extraordinary ability to restore wounded or missing parts of their body. (bionity.com)
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Aging: Another new and exciting field that Lu and his lab have recently undertaken is to study of the mechanisms of aging using planarians (flatworms). (uoguelph.ca)
  • Planarians, in contrast, have large numbers of piRNAs in adult pluripotent stem cells, which go on to differentiate and develop into various tissue types. (bionity.com)
  • A research team of LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) has identified a role of an extracellular matrix protein (ECM), Collagen IV, in the regulation of pluripotent stem cells in the regenerative flatworm (planarian). (hku.hk)
  • Neoblasts give planarians an extraordinary ability to regenerate lost body parts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a rigorous stem cell sorting and transplantation assay, PK Mito Red maximally retains the stemness of planarian neoblasts, exhibiting excellent multifaceted biocompatibility. (rsc.org)
  • Compare the structure of a planarian (a flatworm) and an earthwor. (pearson.com)
  • Compare the structure of a planarian (a flatworm) and an earthworm with regard to the following: digestive tract, body cavity, and segmentation. (pearson.com)
  • The current study identified major vitellaria-specific proteins in a freshwater planarian, Dugesia ryukyuensis, using peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and expression analyses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The freshwater planarian mostly lives in the upper reaches of springs and rivers. (bvsalud.org)
  • The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica has a powerful regenerative capability and can regenerate a new individual including a complete central nervous system in one week. (bvsalud.org)
  • A planarian split lengthwise or crosswise will regenerate into two separate individuals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morgan found that a piece corresponding to 1/279th of a planarian or a fragment with as few as 10,000 cells could regenerate into a new worm within one to two weeks. (wikipedia.org)
  • This way, scientists are now closer to understand how the stem cells of planarians maintain the flexibility necessary to regenerate body parts without destroying themselves at the same time. (bionity.com)
  • Planarians can regenerate all missing tissue within one week of amputation, including a brain, eye spots and pharynx (feeding tube). (hku.hk)
  • The planarian uses its extensive supply of stem cells of high potency, conserved around 30% in adult worm, to regenerate any missing tissue, including even an entire brain after decapitation. (hku.hk)
  • The Argonaut Piwi sub-family of proteins and the small RNAs that interact with them are essential for germline cell development, cell turnover, epigenetic regulation, and repression of transposable elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • D-Tryptophan enhances the reproductive organ-specific expression of the amino acid transporter homolog Dr-SLC38A9 involved in the sexual induction of planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis. (hirosaki-u.ac.jp)
  • A comprehensive comparison of sex-inducing activity in asexual worms of the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis: the crucial sex-inducing substance appears to be present in yolk glands in Tricladida. (hirosaki-u.ac.jp)
  • The identification of ᴅ-tryptophan as a bioactive substance for postembryonic ovarian development in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis. (hirosaki-u.ac.jp)
  • The Dr-nanos gene is essential for germ cell specification in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis. (hirosaki-u.ac.jp)
  • In contrast to the commonly studied genetic model invertebrates, in which localized determinants specify germ cells in the early embryo, planarians use inductive signals to form their germ cells from the somatic stem cells much later in development. (wisc.edu)
  • Mary Goll Associate Professor Genetics Epigenetic regulation in the context of development and cancer. (uga.edu)
  • The molecular toolkit for planarian studies currently includes the ability to study gene function using RNA interference (RNAi) and observe gene expression via in situ hybridizations. (ca.gov)
  • However, there are few antibodies available to visualize protein expression, which would greatly enhance analysis of RNAi experiments as well as allow further characterization of planarian cell populations using immunocytochemistry and other immunological techniques. (ca.gov)
  • These antibodies have the potential to be used to better understand planarian biology and to characterize phenotypes following RNAi experiments. (ca.gov)
  • The molecular toolkit for planarian research includes the ability to visualize gene expression via whole animal in situ hybridizations. (ca.gov)
  • Murine hepatic miRNAs expression and regulation of gene expression in diet-induced obese mice. (genosensor.co)
  • More recently, he proposed and demonstrated the crucial roles of the Piwi-piRNA pathway in epigenetic programming of gene expression and in post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs and lncRNAs. (yale.edu)
  • The obtained transcriptome data demonstrate the regulations of gene expression immediately following malaria parasite transmission to the mosquito. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The planarian ortholog Smed-Akt is molecularly conserved providing unique opportunities to analyze the function of Akt during cellular turnover and repair of adult tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reduced neoblast numbers largely affected the maintenance of adult tissues including the nervous and excretory systems and ciliated structures in the ventral epithelia, which impaired planarian locomotion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The planarian in this study can do just that, a feat enabled by the ability to keep many stem cells as an adult, and to use them in the regenerative process. (hku.hk)
  • The planarians are potentially a better model system than traditional fruit flies and C. elegans (round worms), both of which have undergone extensive gene loss during evolution and are largely post-mitotic in their adult life. (uoguelph.ca)
  • By degrading transposons and rendering them harmless, piRNAs make an important contribution to the stability of genetic information, especially in planarian stem cells. (bionity.com)
  • Our finding of an extracellular matrix protein as part of the environment in which planarians can keep stem cells is an important step, with the hope that we can mimic this in humans to rebuild missing tissues. (hku.hk)
  • Using protein biochemistry and next generation sequencing, I discovered that multiple proteins of the Polycomb group, critical for epigenetic repression, bind to RNA and that their RNA binding activity contributes both to chromatin localization and to regulation of PRC2 activity at specific genes (Kaneko 2013). (upenn.edu)
  • As well as the molecular mechanism of how these genes/proteins are regulated during the stress response (e.g., transcriptional regulation, protein translational modification and trafficking etc. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Using these techniques we could analyze the translational regulation of an RNA binding protein (Jungkamp et al. (bsio-cancerschool.de)
  • This study by researchers of the School of Biomedical Sciences, HKUMed has uncovered a means by which Collagen IV, a key building block of the niche of planarian stem cells, is involved in controlling how these stem cells are used in regenerating missing tissues. (hku.hk)
  • However, this causes the stem cells to continue proliferating, and they are unable to turn into other cell types to repair or maintain planarian tissues. (hku.hk)
  • All these studies have shown that spalt is activated in response to several signal transduction pathways in different tissues and developmental processes [ 11 ], and the expression patterns and functions of sall genes, together with the analysis of their regulation, indicate they cannot be universally assigned to a specific signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the course of his study of gene regulation events in virus-host cell interaction, Dr. Lu has identified three new cellular proteins, Luman/CREB3, Zhangfei/CREBZF, and Luman-recruiting factor (LRF). (uoguelph.ca)
  • Currently, my students and I are investigating various proteins that we think are important for RNA regulation during brain development. (researchcbs.ca)
  • RESEARCH INTERESTS - Research in the Newmark laboratory utilizes the tools of molecular cell biology and functional genomics to address several major biological problems for which planarians serve as excellent models. (wisc.edu)
  • Thus, the functional genomic resources available for studying planarians can be used to examine inductive germ cell specification and the factors required to convert a somatic stem cell into a germ cell. (wisc.edu)
  • Planarians lacking or are deficient in the expression of piwi show defects in the maintenance and differentiation of cells of the germline. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our core interest is the characterization of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms which play an important role in metabolic regulation. (bsio-cancerschool.de)
  • Iana Kim, first author of the new study, in a laboratory of the research group "Gene Regulation by Non-coding RNA" at the University of Bayreuth. (bionity.com)
  • This study shows that the removal of Collagen IV in planarians will cause the stem cells to divide much faster, but lose their ability to become cells of other tissue types. (hku.hk)
  • Functional characterization and cross-phyla comparisons of these putative regulatory elements will enable a better understanding of enhancer evolution, and subsequently how changes in gene regulation give rise to morphological innovation. (stanford.edu)
  • Planarians are therefore an ideal model organisms to investigate the mode of action of piRNAs," says Dr. Claus Kuhn. (bionity.com)
  • Lu and his lab are working to establish planarians as a new aging model to test the hypothesis that longevity requires multiplex resistance to stress. (uoguelph.ca)
  • In addition, we present alterations to fixation protocols and demonstrate how these changes can increase the labeling efficiencies of antibodies used to stain whole planarians. (ca.gov)
  • This process plays a major role in development and tissue homeostasis, and abnormal regulation of apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases ( Fuchs and Steller, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The wide dispersion of the species and its reported local abundance, combined with the predatory character of the species, make O. nungara a potential threat to the biodiversity and ecology of the native soil fauna in Europe, and probably the most threatening species of all invasive land planarians present in Europe. (peerj.com)
  • Several land planarians have been reported as invasive alien species in Europe ( Table 1 ). (peerj.com)
  • Planarian D-amino acid oxidase is involved in ovarian development during sexual induction. (hirosaki-u.ac.jp)
  • To better understand gene regulations during the initial phase of malaria parasite transmission, we focused on the transcriptome changes that occur within the first half hour of parasite development in the mosquito. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Research groups around the world are investigating the amazing regenerative capacity of planarians. (bionity.com)
  • The planarian can become a new planarian after being cut into several parts, its ability to keep many stem cells and use them in the regenerative process inspired our research. (hku.hk)
  • My ultimate research goal is to understand how epigenetic processes of gene regulation impact complex organism-level phenomena such as brain function and behavior. (upenn.edu)
  • Our experiments show that some antibodies can be used alongside markers commonly used in planarian research and will be a valuable resource for planarian research. (ca.gov)
  • Our experiments show that a subset of the antibodies can be used alongside markers commonly used in planarian research, including anti-SYNAPSIN and anti-SMEDWI, or following whole-mount in situ hybridization experiments.ConclusionsThe monoclonal antibodies described in this paper will be a valuable resource for planarian research. (ca.gov)
  • We are capitalizing on the experimental accessibility of planarians to help us understand several fundamental aspects of schistosome biology. (wisc.edu)
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The role of gut microbiota in the regulation of standard. (web.app)
  • Investigations on EV-mediated regulation processes, from mother-infant to host-pathogen interaction, might elucidate this query (Table 1). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • EV mediated regulation processes. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Transcriptomic analysis reveals differences in the regulation of amino acid metabolism in asexual and sexual planarians. (hirosaki-u.ac.jp)