Regulation of reproductive cloning biological clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)

5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)

The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
5. Most countries in the African Region have no specific regulations and policies governing genetic manipulations for assisted conception, treatment and research. (who.int)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
But in order to become a part of medical history, parahuman reproduction and human genetic engineering must circumvent the recalcitrance of an antiquated culture. (lifeissues.net)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)

… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)

… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)

The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
Supported by the availability of gene manipulation technologies such as RNA interference and/or transgenesis, this work provides a basis for future functional explorations of helminth TIMPs and, in particular, of their role/s in fundamental biological pathways linked to long-term establishment in the vertebrate hosts, with a view towards the development of novel approaches for the control of neglected helminthiases. (biomedcentral.com)

This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)

1974. Biological handbooks: Biology data book. (cdc.gov)
It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)

This technique is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)

A Theory proposes a minimal model of gene regulation, in which various types of genes interact to control the differentiation of cells through differential gene expression. (asu.edu)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
Among several groups of helminth molecules involved in the host-parasite interplay, protease inhibitors have been the subject of intense investigations due to their roles in a range of fundamental molecular processes, including regulation of host proteases and modulation of the host's immune response [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)

A recent UNESCO draft document, although rather vague and deficient in itself, probably does the best job of at least initially identifying and describing some of these new reproductive technologies in relatively simple form, with a few generalized helpful sketches online. (lifeissues.net)

Postnatal development of the gastrin-releasing peptide system in the lumbosacral spinal cord controlling male reproductive function in rats. (genscript.com)
The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)

A philosophy of reason will define a human being as one which demonstrates self-awareness volition and rationality. (lifeissues.net)

In 2006, the article "HPV in the Etiology of Human Cancer," hereafter "HPV and Etiology," by Nubia Muñoz, Xavier Castellsagué, Amy Berrington de González, and Lutz Gissmann, appeared as the first chapter in the twenty-fourth volume of the journal Vaccine. (asu.edu)

Muñoz and colleagues discuss the role of the Human Papillomavirus, or HPV, in uterine cervical cancers. (asu.edu)

1998. Blood and breath analyses as biological indicators of exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools. (cdc.gov)
In the present study, we conducted a large-scale investigation of TIMP proteins of a range of neglected human parasites including the hookworm Necator americanus , the roundworm Ascaris suum , the liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini , as well as the schistosome blood flukes. (biomedcentral.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
Regulating cloning and embryo stem cell research - The various approaches taken to regulate cloning and embryonic stem cell research mirror the ethical debates. (thehumangenome.co.uk)
Although ACT's researchers only managed to bring one cloned embryo to the six-cell stage - and whether they created an embryo at all remains uncertain - they were certainly not able to obtain any stem cells. (thenewatlantis.com)
The embryo is stimulated to divide to form an early-stage embryo consisting of multiple cells (labeled "clone" in the figure). (gatech.edu)
In reproductive cloning, this early-stage embryo is implanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother. (gatech.edu)

Dr. Hwang Woo Suk and his colleagues, the only researchers in the world to convince the scientific community that they had cloned human embryos and derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from them, are now seen as having perpetrated a massive deception. (thenewatlantis.com)

Early experiments with cloning plants showed that individual somatic cells (cells that do not form pollen or egg) could form complete, new clonal plants, indicating that the somatic cells had no irreversible changes in their genome compared to the original fertilized egg cell. (gatech.edu)
The first studies to test whether vertebrate animals could be cloned used a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), where nuclei from somatic cells were transferred to an egg cell whose own nucleus had been removed. (gatech.edu)

All living organisms share many biological processes. (studysmarter.co.uk)
The range of thoughts, feelings, experiences, and activities that are accessible to human organisms presumably constitute only a tiny part of what is possible. (nickbostrom.com)

Not only babies who would grow into adult clones, but also cloning of embryos for stem cell research. (sjgames.com)

The last edition of Bio-Tech had to be hastily rewritten to include information about Dolly the sheep, who was cloned from another sheep as the manuscript was being finalized. (sjgames.com)

NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
1974. Biological handbooks: Biology data book. (cdc.gov)

The finished clone-based assembly of the mouse strain C57BL/6J reported here has over 175,000 fewer gaps and over 139 Mb more of novel sequence, compared with the earlier MGSCv3 draft genome assembly. (nih.gov)
In a comprehensive analysis of this revised genome sequence, we are now able to define 20,210 protein-coding genes, over a thousand more than predicted in the human genome (19,042 genes). (nih.gov)

However, offspring of cloned mice and cloned cattle conceived naturally appear to have been largely normal, suggesting that developmental problems seen in cloned animals do not arise through gene abnormalities, but because the mechanisms controlling foetal development are not operating properly. (thehumangenome.co.uk)

Each organism can regulate its biological processes , such as growth, nutrition, and breathing patterns. (studysmarter.co.uk)

In 2004 the United Nations enacted a treaty outlawing the production of human clones. (sjgames.com)
Consequently, such a UN treaty would simply be a "partial ban", and not a "total ban", on human cloning - and the public needs and has a right to know that. (lifeissues.net)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)

Using cultured mammary gland cells from an adult sheep as the source of donor nuclei, he performed 277 SCNTs to create clone embryos. (gatech.edu)

Adult humans have distinct reservoirs of stem cells , located in different parts of the body (such as the bone marrow). (gatech.edu)

Despite worldwide rejection of reproductive cloning, less that one-quarter of the world's nations have formally banned it. (thehumangenome.co.uk)
In April 2003, a "prolife" Costa Rican CONVENTION was proposed to the United Nations that claimed to be a "total ban" on all human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

The mouse (Mus musculus) is the premier animal model for understanding human disease and development. (nih.gov)

Some cloning advocates claim that this event has no implications beyond the malfeasance of a few Korean researchers. (thenewatlantis.com)

But in this case, Dr. Hwang's studies were the field of allegedly successful human cloning for research purposes. (thenewatlantis.com)
Seroepide miologic research have shown the virus is widespread while in the human population. (hifsignaling.com)

Transhumanism has roots in secular humanist thinking, yet is more radical in that it promotes not only traditional means of improving human nature, such as education and cultural refinement, but also direct application of medicine and technology to overcome some of our basic biological limits. (nickbostrom.com)

General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

Photosynthesis is a biological process by which Plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. (studysmarter.co.uk)

There is no reason to think that the human mode of being is any more free of limitations imposed by our biological nature than are the modes of being of other animals. (nickbostrom.com)

I have reviewed and submitted formal analyses on many national and international legislations on this and related issues [e.g., see my analysis of the Canadian CIHR stem cell report, the British House of Lords cloning bill, the U.S. human cloning bills, etc. (lifeissues.net)
Scientific definitions used in the Bill that are relevant to, e.g., the field of human embryology should be obtained only from academically credentialed human embryologists and/or established human embryology textbooks, and those terms must be in concert with the terms approved of by the international Nomina Embryologica Committee. (lifeissues.net)
Either support should be given to a bill that is truly a "total ban" on all human cloning, or else support should be given to a bill that is only a "partial ban" on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If a bill purports to be a "total ban" on all human cloning, but is really just a "partial ban", then the public needs and has the right to know that fact. (lifeissues.net)
It is about stating the truth about a bill that is purported to be a "total ban" but in reality is only a "partial" ban on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. (cdc.gov)

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)

However, no country explicitly allows reproductive cloning and regulation would probably be quickly introduced if the prospect arose. (thehumangenome.co.uk)

They think extraordinary thoughts, and sometimes - this is the privilege of the job - they are able to turn those thoughts into reality….As the decades and centuries pass, the science of cloning and the technologies that may flow from it will affect all aspects of human life - the things that people can do, the way we live, and even, if we choose, the kinds of people we are. (thehumangenome.co.uk)
The truth surely lies somewhere between these extremes: the scandal implicates far more than a few Korean scientists, but it does not undermine science in general, unless one foolishly equates human cloning with all of science. (thenewatlantis.com)

After eight years of effort around the world to clone human embryos, no one has reliably done so. (thenewatlantis.com)

Since then, many other mammalian species have been cloned, with success rates varying from a few to low tens of percent. (gatech.edu)
Mammalian reproductive cloning is still inefficient, with a low success rate, complications during pregnancy, and possible premature aging of the cloned offspring ( https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/cloningrisks/ ). (gatech.edu)

The technologies that promised more reproductive liberation for those wanting non-traditional sexual relationships struggled under the weight of regulation and religious condemnation. (sjgames.com)

Transhumanists view human nature as a work-in-progress, a half-baked beginning that we can learn to remold in desirable ways. (nickbostrom.com)

2 Other transhumanist themes include space colonization and the possibility of creating superintelligent machines, along with other potential developments that could profoundly alter the human condition. (nickbostrom.com)
This affirmation of human potential is offered as an alternative to customary injunctions against playing God, messing with nature, tampering with our human essence, or displaying punishable hubris. (nickbostrom.com)
Other potential negative outcomes include widening social inequalities or a gradual erosion of the hard-to-quantify assets that we care deeply about but tend to neglect in our daily struggle for material gain, such as meaningful human relationships and ecological diversity. (nickbostrom.com)

Truly, Dollly has taken us into the age of biological control. (thehumangenome.co.uk)

The resulting explosion of gengineered species can sustain an ever-growing human population with ease, but only at the cost of becoming increasingly beholden to the biocorps. (sjgames.com)

It promotes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding and evaluating the opportunities for enhancing the human condition and the human organism opened up by the advancement of technology. (nickbostrom.com)

In the 21 st century and beyond, human ambition will be bound only by the laws of physis, the rules of logic, and our descendents' own sense of right and wrong. (thehumangenome.co.uk)

The expanded size gave us room to include the biological magic spells from David Pulver's original edition designer's notes . (sjgames.com)
The enhancement options being discussed include radical extension of human health-span, eradication of disease, elimination of unnecessary suffering, and augmentation of human intellectual, physical, and emotional capacities. (nickbostrom.com)

The human body is quite limited in its ability to regenerate or repair injuries or diseases that affect critical organs such as the brain, heart, and pancreas. (gatech.edu)

Anatomy1

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes3

Humanities1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Embryos1

Therapeutic1

Beings6

Embryo research4

Genetic5

Diploid1

Organism1

Pathways2

Stem2

Biology2

Ethical1

Cells1

Processes2

General2

Form1

Development2

Awareness1

Article1

Role1

Blood2

Embryo5

Embryonic stem1

Somatic2

Organisms2

Stem cell res1

Dolly1

Biology2

GENOME2

Naturally1

Regulate1

Treaty2

Describe1

Sheep1

Adult1

Nations2

Animal1

Implications1

Research2

Means1

Forms of human1

Plants1

Animals1

Bill5

Department of Healt1

Scientific1

Country1

Science2

Years1

Success2

Technologies1

View1

Potential3

Control1

Species1

Technology1

Laws1

Include2

Heart1