• Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are now standard treatment in the clinic for patients with advanced EGFR mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (researchgate.net)
  • First-generation EGFR TKIs, binding competitively and reversibly to the ATP-binding site of the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain, have resulted in a significant improvement in outcome for NSCLC patients with activating EGFR mutations (L858R and Del19). (researchgate.net)
  • Most studies have looked at the receptor tyrosine kinases and examples of these are platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, lapatinib, an orally bioavailable small molecule dual HER2- and EGFR/HER1-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in combination with capecitabine for patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • This process occurs through negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in mammary stroma. (muni.cz)
  • Loss of SPRY1 resulted in up-regulation of EGFR-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in response to amphiregulin and transforming growth factor alpha stimulation. (muni.cz)
  • By contrast, down-regulation of EGFR-ERK signaling due to gain of Sprouty function in the stroma led to stunted epithelial branching. (muni.cz)
  • Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. (bmj.com)
  • Alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases (TKs), such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, include overexpression, amplification or mutations. (bmj.com)
  • 3 The development of molecular targeted therapies aimed at these molecular alterations has generated great optimism for the treatment of cancers such as NSCLC, and drugs targeting the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain are now available. (bmj.com)
  • EGFR is one of the first receptor tyrosine kinases linked to human cancer and represents an important drug target in oncology. (seveballesteros.com)
  • Aberrant activation of EGFR in cancer stimulates tumour growth and is primarily attributed to increased gene copy numbers or gain-of-function mutations. (seveballesteros.com)
  • However, it can also result from defects in EGFR feedback regulation. (seveballesteros.com)
  • Squatrito and colleagues have discovered a novel layer of complexity in the regulation of EGFR. (seveballesteros.com)
  • Silencing of RanBP6 promoted glioma growth in glioma mouse model, by upregulating EGFR expression. (seveballesteros.com)
  • GW572016 (Lapatinib) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in clinical development for cancer that is a potent dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB-1) and ErbB-2. (rcsb.org)
  • Mechanistically, ALK directly interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to trigger serine-threonine protein kinase AKT phosphorylation and activate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, enabling STING-dependent rigorous inflammatory responses. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Microarray image analysis demonstrated a decrease in the expression of transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGFβ-2), cyclin dependent kinase-9 (CDK-9), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), B-cell lymphoma-2 like 1 (BCL2L1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), cyclin dependent kinase-7 (CDK-7), and breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) genes after the treatment of PC-3 cells with 25µM lycopene. (rutgers.edu)
  • Among all modulated prostate cancer biomarker genes, EGFR demonstrated the most consistent down-regulation in expression in our microarray and Real-Time PCR analyses. (rutgers.edu)
  • Furthermore, we discovered that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, is essential for TLR7 signaling in macrophages. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the course of biochemical analyses of the signaling pathways triggered by these receptors, we discovered that they require tyrosine phosphorylation by the protein kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is located not only on the plasma membrane but also on the intracellular membranes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we discuss how specific members of this family of receptors, such as TLR3, TLR9, or STING, interact with EGFR and other protein tyrosine kinases and what are the functional consequences of their post-translational modifications. (bvsalud.org)
  • The receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
  • One important signaling pathway regulated by EGFR is the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K)-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1-Akt pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Recent reports have shown that the sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines to EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI Pharmaceuticals) is dependent on inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1-Akt-mTOR pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Chemical inhibition and siRNA knockdown experiments demonstrated that STAT-3 activation is dependent on the activation of nonreceptor tyrosine-protein kinase 2 (TYK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases. (cdc.gov)
  • Our studies show that poultry dust extract controls the induction of immune and inflammatory mediator expression via a cellular pathway involving oxidative stress-mediated STAT-3 activation by TYK2 and EGFR tyrosine kinases. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutations in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are found in a subset of patients with lung cancer and correlate with response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). (elsevierpure.com)
  • 17-AAG treatment, at its maximal tolerated dose, caused a significant delay in H3255 (L858R EGFR) xenograft growth but was less effective than the EGFR TKI gefitinib. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 17-AAG alone delayed, but did not completely inhibit, the growth of H1650 and H1975 xenografts, two EGFR mutant models which show intermediate and high levels of gefitinib resistance. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These data suggest that Hsp90 inhibition in combination with chemotherapy may represent an effective treatment strategy for patients whose tumors express EGFR kinase domain mutations, including those with de novo and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
  • We provide evidence to support a role for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a tumor-associated receptor tyrosine kinase, in the regulation of innate immunity during lethal sepsis. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In addition to binding to the insulin receptor, IRS1 also binds to and transmits signals from the receptors of prolactin, growth hormone (GH), leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), insulin like growth factor (IGF1), and integrins ( Vuori and Ruoslathi , 1994 Vuori K and Ruoslahti E (1994) Association of insulin receptor substrate-1 with integrins. (scielo.br)
  • Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
  • Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)
  • Novel therapeutic agents, in particular those that specifically target members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER (ErbB1)) pathway, have shown encouraging therapeutic efficacy. (bmj.com)
  • The BRAF oncogene is an integral component of the MAP kinase pathway, and an activating V600E mutation occurs in 15% of sporadic colorectal cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • This signal transduction pathway is initiated by epidermal growth factor ligands binding to and activating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) at the cell membrane. (hindawi.com)
  • Akt also regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6K-S6 pathway to control cell growth in response to growth factors and nutrients. (aacrjournals.org)
  • There can be multiple inputs to this pathway as activity can be regulated by other receptors or upstream mutations. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this study, we have identified STAT-3 as an important transcription factor controlling the induction of expression of immune and inflammatory mediators by poultry dust extracts in airway epithelial cells and in mouse lungs and delineated the cellular pathway for STAT-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • The combination of growth factors and RTKs can activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and negatively regulate TSC1/2, promoting Rheb to become GTP loaded, which can activate mTORC1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2004) Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. (scielo.br)
  • 2005) Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor are associated with improved survival in gefitinib-treated chemorefractory lung adenocarcinomas. (scielo.br)
  • Mutations can also alter the growth rate or the progression of the cell through the cell cycle. (edu.vn)
  • As a result, cells can progress through the cell cycle unimpeded, even if mutations exist in the cell and its growth should be terminated. (edu.vn)
  • This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cellular sarcoma gene (SRC) is a proto-oncogene encoding for a tyrosine kinase. (jcancer.org)
  • Both receptors belong to the TAM (TYRO3, AXL and MER - MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase) receptor tyrosine kinase family, which emerged as new potential targets in many oncological diseases, from leukaemia to solid tumours ( Graham et al, 2014 ). (nature.com)
  • HER2 is a member of the cErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and is responsible for HER2-mediated signal transduction in the cytoplasm. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Since the activation of c-Src leads to the promotion of survival, angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion pathways, the aberrant growth of tumors in cancers is observed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amino acids are essential for cellular homeostasis, growth and proliferation via their contribution to a diverse range of cellular processes. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • BRAF is a protein kinase and part of the MAP kinase signalling cascade which involves transduction of a growth signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a chain of protein kinases and is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • The regulation of endothelial cell proliferation in the corpus luteum of pregnancy is less clear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TGFα is an EGF-related growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of epidermal and epithelial cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • The presence of necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK‑1), but not that of Z-VAD-fmk, attenuated the cytotoxic effects of GEF under AAS culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PD 98059, CAS 167869-21-8, is a cell-permeable, selective & reversible inhibitor of MAP Kinase Kinase (MEK). (emdmillipore.com)
  • This is carried out via the regulation of both the influx from the extracellular environment and the recycling of intracellular resources. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
  • We conclude that STAT2 is a key negative intracellular regulator of STING, a function that is quite distinct from its function as a transcription factor. (bvsalud.org)
  • hSulf-1 reduces the sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in the extracellular matrix and inhibits binding between various cell growth factors and their receptors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Erlotinib could inhibit extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, and S6 only in cell lines that were the most sensitive. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Across all dose levels, average steady-state plasma PF-04691502 concentrations approximated or exceeded the target concentration of 16.2 ng/mL required for ≥75 % tumor growth inhibition in preclinical models. (researchgate.net)
  • 1975. Tumor growth inhibition by ammonium chloride-induced acidosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Alterations in gene sequence or expression can occur in the cell-signalling and regulatory pathways involved in cell-cycle control, apoptosis, proteosome regulation and angiogenesis. (bmj.com)
  • It can reduce the sulfation of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and inhibit various growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)
  • The IRS proteins (IRS1-4) are the family of adaptors regulating metabolic and mitogenic signaling pathways ( Hanke and Mann , 2009 Hanke S and Mann M (2009) The phosphotyrosine interactome of the insulin receptor family and its substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2. (scielo.br)
  • We are primarily using cytomegaloviruses to examine how the pathogens alter signaling pathways directed by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to facilitate robust replication in tissues important for host-host dissemination. (uc.edu)
  • The TAM receptors and their ligands are overexpressed or activated in multiple malignancies, including LMS. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we have studied the role of nanoarchitecture of ephrin ligands in Eph receptor activation. (5dok.org)
  • An activating hotspot mutation occurs at V600E and results in constitutive MAPK signalling and uncontrolled cellular growth. (hindawi.com)
  • The article highlights an unexpected functional link between a growth factor receptor and cellular innate immune response. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, information on transcription factors and cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the production of immune and inflammatory mediators induced by organic dust is limited. (cdc.gov)
  • Upon an electrochemical switch, growth factor presentation was reversed, which initiated cellular differentiation along the neuronal lineages. (5dok.org)
  • Opdivo (nivolumab), a cancer immunotherapy drug, was approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) with disease progression on or after a platinum-based therapy.6 Opdivo nivolumab) inhibits the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), a protein expressed on the cell surface, which blocks the body's immune system from attacking tumors. (canceredinstitute.org)
  • 2010). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure standard mammogram form and the interactive kinase in response to estradiol in breast cancer in oesophageal tissue and risk of oesophageal threshold measurement methods. (who.int)
  • Upon binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR), IRS1 is phosphorylated at several YXXM motifs creating docking sites for the binding of PI3Kp85, which activates AKT kinase. (scielo.br)
  • Metz H, Busch SE, Hanke ML, Kargl J, Kim KH and Houghton M (2014) Insulin receptor substrate-1 regulates immune cell content in lung adenocarcinoma. (scielo.br)
  • Metz HE and Houghton AM (2011) Insulin receptor substrate regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (scielo.br)
  • Following insulin binding, the insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylates itself and creates docking sites for IRS proteins. (scielo.br)
  • Sesti G, Federici M, Hribal ML, Lauro D, Sbraccia P and Lauro R (2001) Defects of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) system in human metabolic disorders. (scielo.br)
  • Ma Z, Gibson SL, Byrne MA, Zhang J, White MF and Shaw LM (2006) Suppression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) promotes mammary tumor metastasis. (scielo.br)
  • This induces long-range allostery via protein domain dynamics, causing the structure to be destabilized, resulting in the opening up of the SH3, SH2 and kinase domains and the autophosphorylation of the residue tyrosine 416. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autophosphorylation sites on the epidermal growth factor receptor. (wikidata.org)
  • c-Src should not be confused with CSK (C-terminal Src kinase), an enzyme that phosphorylates c-Src at its C-terminus and provides negative regulation of Src's enzymatic activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammalian epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 (EPS15), which is involved in cell growth regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammalian epidermal growth factor receptor substrate EPS15R. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many pattern recognition receptors in mammalian cells initiate signaling processes that culminate in mounting an innate protective response mediated by induced synthesis of a large number of proteins including type I interferons and other cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
  • We recently demonstrated that the paradigm BphP from Deinococcus radiodurans exclusively acts as a phosphatase but that its photosensory module can control the histidine kinase activity of homologous receptors. (optobase.org)
  • Overexpression of the oncogene can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. (edu.vn)
  • With the addition of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), improvements in overall survival have been observed among patients with advanced HER2-positive disease. (carcinogenesis.com)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • An important negative control mechanism in the signaling of epidermal growth factor (EGF) is the endocytosis and subsequent degradation of activated EGF receptors. (embl.de)
  • Eps15 and its related partner Eps15R play a key role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of transmembrane receptors. (embl.de)
  • Isolation of Salivary Epithelial Cells from Human Salivary Glands for In Vitro Growth as Salispheres or Monolayers. (uc.edu)
  • It plays a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratinocyte growth factor modulates alveolar epithelial cell phenotype in vitro: expression of aquaporin-5 (AQP5). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The ability of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, are evaluated as paracrine mediators of endothelial cell function during angioregression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TAM receptor and ligand expression was evaluated in LMS cell lines and 358 sarcoma samples by either gene expression or immunohistochemistry. (nature.com)
  • Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)
  • The second group includes cell- or tissue-specific factors. (nature.com)
  • Here we have investigated biophysical regulation of cell function. (5dok.org)
  • We used conjugated polymers to develop a novel neural stem cell culture substrate with anchored growth factors to promote cell self-renewal. (5dok.org)
  • In normal cells, some genes function to prevent excess, inappropriate cell growth. (edu.vn)
  • These are tumor suppressor genes, which are active in normal cells to prevent uncontrolled cell growth. (edu.vn)
  • This is because oncogenes can alter transcriptional activity, stability, or protein translation of another gene that directly or indirectly controls cell growth. (edu.vn)
  • 5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • This can be the result of gene mutation or changes in gene regulation (epigenetic, transcription, post-transcription, translation, or post-translation). (edu.vn)
  • It also regulates angiogenic factors and vascular permeability after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity after intracerebral hemorrhage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulmonary vascular effects of prostaglandin D2 but not its systemic vascular or airway effects are mediated through thromboxane receptor activation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The vascular endothelium of the mature ovarian follicle maintains the capacity for rapid growth in response to angiogenic signals elaborated during the periovulatory process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in epigenetic regulation, transcription, RNA stability, protein translation, and post-translational control can be detected in cancer. (edu.vn)
  • Discovering molecular mechanisms related to the birth or growth of tumours in the central nervous system. (seveballesteros.com)
  • Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The NF-κB family of transcription factors are master regulators of innate immune responses and their dysregulation can lead to chronic inflammation and cause diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. (doria.fi)
  • The p53 protein itself functions as a transcription factor. (edu.vn)
  • Myc is a transcription factor that is aberrantly activated in Burkett's Lymphoma, a cancer of the lymph system. (edu.vn)
  • För att upprätthålla liv använder cellerna i en organism intrikata signaleringsräckor för regleringen av fysiologiska processer inom enskilda celler och mellan olika celler och vävnaderna som utgör en organism. (doria.fi)
  • 1989. Adenosine produces pulmonary vasoconstriction in sheep: Evidence for thromboxane A2- prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor activation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • In a previous report, we identified the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in NF-κB activation by regulating IKKγ/NEMO. (mdpi.com)
  • A key mechanism of immune evasion deployed by tumour cells is to reduce neoantigen presentation through down-regulation of the antigen presentation machinery. (portlandpress.com)
  • Expression of Aquaporin-1 water channel protein in mouse erythro-leukemia cells: genetic regulation of corticosteroid and chemical induction. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (SMED30029442) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (SMED30029442) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (SMED30029442) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Numerous photoreceptors and genetic circuits emerged over the past two decades and now enable the light-dependent i.e., optogenetic, regulation of gene expression in bacteria. (optobase.org)
  • Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory role and expression mechanism of TP53 apoptotic effector factor (PERP1) in follicular development. (chvm.net)
  • c-Src can be activated by many transmembrane proteins that include: adhesion receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors and cytokine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The IRS proteins function as adaptors and transmit signals from multiple receptors. (scielo.br)
  • It includes an SH2 domain, an SH3 domain and a tyrosine kinase domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dimerization of c-Src is mediated by the interaction of the myristoylated N-terminal region of one partner and the kinase domain of another partner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the versatility inherent in this intrinsically disordered region, its multisite phosphorylations, and its divergence within the family, the unique domain likely functions as a central signaling hub overseeing much of the enzymatic activities and unique functions of Src family kinases. (wikipedia.org)